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        Duality in the Ehud Story: Human Initiative or Divine Providence?

        김성광 한국복음주의구약신학회 2020 구약논집 Vol.16 No.-

        This paper deals with how one sees Ehud’s murder through deception and violence. Can his deception and violence be justified? After presenting the two contrastive views on Ehud's murder, this study discusses about how one should see his actions. The comic character of the story makes moral judgments irrelevant. The story should be understood as a humorous satire mocking the Israelites’ enemy, the Moabites. An advocate of the negative view against Ehud might argue that God providentially granted Ehud’s success in spite of his deceptive methods. But Ehud’s deception is at the core of what he does. One cannot separate his success from his deception. The narrator elaborates Ehud’s tactics at each scene and highlights his extraordinary shrewdness, decisiveness, and courage out of faith. Nevertheless, human scheme and execution is not enough; Ehud’s perfect success was possible with the help of the timing opportunities provided by God. Duality frame works in the story: (1) Ehud’s physical abnormality fits his dual roles (conveyor of tribute / assassin); (2) double meaning of dabar; (3) Eglon’s fatness represents both his greed and his vulnerability; (4) Elohim could mean Israel’s YHWH or general other gods; (5) Ehud’s dagger had “two mouths” (Judg. 3:16), which means the double-edged blade or may symbolize Ehud’s double meaning words; (6) dual hero (visible hero - Ehud / invisible hero - YHWH). In conclusion, Ehud’s deception is providentially directed by God. This paper deals with how one sees Ehud’s murder through deception and violence. Can his deception and violence be justified? After presenting the two contrastive views on Ehud's murder, this study discusses about how one should see his actions. The comic character of the story makes moral judgments irrelevant. The story should be understood as a humorous satire mocking the Israelites’ enemy, the Moabites. An advocate of the negative view against Ehud might argue that God providentially granted Ehud’s success in spite of his deceptive methods. But Ehud’s deception is at the core of what he does. One cannot separate his success from his deception. The narrator elaborates Ehud’s tactics at each scene and highlights his extraordinary shrewdness, decisiveness, and courage out of faith. Nevertheless, human scheme and execution is not enough; Ehud’s perfect success was possible with the help of the timing opportunities provided by God. Duality frame works in the story: (1) Ehud’s physical abnormality fits his dual roles (conveyor of tribute / assassin); (2) double meaning of dabar; (3) Eglon’s fatness represents both his greed and his vulnerability; (4) Elohim could mean Israel’s YHWH or general other gods; (5) Ehud’s dagger had “two mouths” (Judg. 3:16), which means the double-edged blade or may symbolize Ehud’s double meaning words; (6) dual hero (visible hero - Ehud / invisible hero - YHWH). In conclusion, Ehud’s deception is providentially directed by God.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        Ceftizoxime의 장내세균에 대한 시험관내 및 생체내 향균효과

        변우목,장재천,박복환,김희선,김성광 영남대학교 의과대학 1989 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.6 No.1

        반합성 β-lactam 항생제로서 세균에 β-lactamase에 대해 높은 안정성을 나타내는 ceftizoxime의 임상 분리 장내 세균 18주에 대한 시험관내 및 생체내 항균효과와 내성균의 출현여부를 조사하고 ampicillin,tetracycline, gentamicin 및 cefadroxyl와의 항균력을 시험관내 실험으로 비교하였으며 또한 마우스 장내 정상균총에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.Ceftizoxime은 그람음성 장내 세균에 대하여 시험관내에서 높은 항균력을 나타내었으며 이러한 항균력은 ampicillin,tetracycline,gentamicin보다 높았으며 β-lactamase 산생 내성균주의 치료제로 알려진 cefadroxyl보다도 높았다. 2.시험관내 다제 내성균주는 ampicillin, cefadroxyl, gentamicin 및 tetracycline에 대한 내성주는 E.coli1주, ampicillin, cefadroxyl 및 tetracycline에 대한 내성주는 E coli2주, ampicillin, gentamicin 및 tetracycline에 대한 내성주는 shigella dysenteriae이였으며, ampicillin 및 tetracycline에 대한 내성주는 Enterobacter cloacae였고 ampicillin 및 tetracycline에 대한 내성주는 E.coli5주이었다. 3.Ceftizoxime에 대한 내성균주의 출현율은 매우 낮았다. 4.서로 다른 내성을 보인 9균주 E.coli6 strains, shigella, dysenteriae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Samonella typi중 plasmid분리는 6균주에서 관찰되었으며이는 E.coli5주와 shigella dysenteriae1주 있었다.그러나 항생제에 대한 저항의 marker로서는 결정할 수 없으므로 이를 위해서는 curing experiment를 사용하여야 한다. 5. Ceftizoxime은 마우스 장내 정장균층에는 현저한 영향을 미치지 않았다 이상의 결과에서 Ceftizoxime은 그림음성 장내 세균에 대하여 높은 항균력을 나타내며 장내세균 감염치료에 선택적 항생제로 이용돨수 있을 것으로 사료돤다. Ceftizoxime sodium is a new synthetic β-lactam antibiotic combining potent antibacterial activity with high stability to a wide range of bacterical β-lactamase. This experiment was achieved to evaluate the antibacterial activities of ceftizoxime sodium against Gram negative enteric bacteria isolated from in outpatient visiting Yeungnam university hospital and to study the emergence of drug induced bacterial varients which resist to ceftizoxime in vitro. The antibacterial activity of the ceftizoxime was compared with that of antibacteric and its effect on population of normal instestinal flora in mice was observed. The results are summarized as follows: 1.Highly effective antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime against Gram negative enteric bacilli was demonstrated and this antibacterial activity was superior to that of ampicillin. 2.Several test strains shows multiple antibiotic resistence. Among 15 strains of Escherichia coli.1 strain was resistent to ampiccillin,cefadroxyl,gentamicin, tetracycline,and 2 strains were resistent to ampiccillin, cefadroxyl,tetracycline, five strains of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae was resistent to ampiccillin,tetracycline and shigella dysenteria was resistent to ampicillin,gentamicin tetracycline. 3.The frequency of in vitro emergence of resistent varients among ceftizoxime sensitive bacteria in the presence of increasing concentrations of the compound was found to be low. 4.Plasmid was isolated in 6 of 9 strains 6 strains of Escherichia coli Shigella dysenteriae. Enterobacter cloaceae and salmonella typhi That showed different antibiotic resistance.They were 5 strains of Escherichia coli and 1 strain of Shigella dysenteriae. However, plsmid could not be considered as a hallmark for antibiotic resistance by this. Further studies with curing experiment are to be accomplished for this purpose. 5.Changes in the bacterial count of normal intestinal flora following 25mq/kg/day adminstration of ceftizoxime over 5 consecutive days were not singnificant In conclusion ceftizoxime appered to be a drug of choice in the treatment of Gram negative enteric bacilli infection.

      • 한탄바이러스의 섬유아세포 감염에 대한 Integrin 항체의 억제 효과

        박호선,김기득,김성광 영남대학교 의과대학 1998 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.15 No.1

        사람과 동일한 증상을 나타내는 동물 모델이 없는 신증후출혈열의 병리 기전을 이해하기 위하여 in vitro culture system을 이용하였다. 신증후출혈열의 주된 병변이 혈관내피세포외에 섬유아세포가 많이 존재하는 신세뇨관 간질 및 폐간질임을 기초로 하여 계태아와 Mongolian gerbil의 섬유아세포에서 fibronectin에 대한 수용체인 α5 β1 integrin에 대한 항체를 처리하여 한탄바이러스 감염에 대한 영향을 관찰하였다. 초대 배양하여 사용한 계태아 섬유아세포 및 MGF 모두 한탄바이러스가 잘 감염되었으나 계태아 섬유아세포에 비하여 MGF에서 바이러스의 증식이 더 우수하였다. 계태아 섬유아세포와 MGF에서 α5 β1 integrin에 대한 항체 처리 5일 후 바이러스의 N 단백의 역가는 항체를 처리하지 않은 대조군에 비하여 각각 32.6%, 72.6%로, virion의 역가는 26.8%, 28.7%로 감소하여 두 세포에서 모두 감염력을 가진 바이러스의 양은 거의 동일하게 감소 되었다. 또한 α5 subunit와 β1 subunit에 대한 항체를 MGF 세포에 처리한 후 바이러스의 N단백의 역가는 65.2%, 59.7%로 α5 β1 integrin에 대한 항체 처리하였을 때 (72.6%)와 거의 유사하게 감소하였고 감염력을 가진 바이러스의 양도 26.5%, 29.4%로 감소하여 α5 β1 integrin에 대한 항체 처리시 (28.7%)와 거의 유사하게 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 α5 β1 integrin이 한탄바이러스에 대한 수용체로써 작용할 가능성을 시사하였으며 또다른 기적으로는 α5 β1 integrin의 차단에 의한 이차적인 영향으로 한탄바이러스의 증식에 커다란 영향을 미치는 것을 생각할 수 있었다. Pathophysiological mechanism of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is not fully understood. Major clinical findings of HFRS patients are widespread hemorrhage, acute renal failure and shock. Basic lesion is vascular injury with microvascular hemorrhage and relatively little inflammation. According to autopsy findings, renal medulla shows focal hemorrhage, tubular necrosis and interstitial mononuclear infiltrates. The predominant cell type in the renal and pulmonary interstitium is a fibroblast and it participates in the healing process at the injury site by secreting a large amount of extracellular matrix proteins. Cultured human lung fibroblasts and Mongolian gerbil fibroblasts were known to be good host cells for the hantaan virus. It is possible that not only the endothelial cell but also the fibroblast is a target of Hantaan virus and the fibroblast might be involved in the pathogenesis and the healing process in HFRS. Integrins are adhesion molecules, and act as receptors for many extracellular matrix proteins. Recently, there are many reports that cell surface integrins influence on some viral infections or reversely viruses influence on the expression of integrins. The a5β1 integrin is a major receptor for the fibronectin which is an important extracellular matrix protein secreted by fibroblasts. In this study, the role of a5 β1integrin in the infection of Hantaan virus was examined by using anti-a5β1 integrin, anti-a5 integrin and anti-β1 integrin antibodies in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and Mongolian gerbil fibroblasts(MGF). The treatment of anti-a5β1 integrin antibody in CEF reduced the virion titers 26.8% and the amount of nucleocapsid N protein 32.6% when compared with control CEF. When MGF were treated with anti-aα5, anti-β1 and anti-a5β1integrin antibodies, virion titers were reduced by 26.5%, 29.4% and 28.7% and the amount of nucleocapsid N protein were reduced by 65.2%, 59.7% and 72.6%. These results suggested that a5β1 integrin might act as a receptor for the Hantaan virus or blocking of a5β1integrin influences on the viral replication in CEF and MGF. It is also possible that the blocking of only one subunit of integrin represents similar results in that of whole molecule.

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