영지, 케일 및 Sodium Dextrothyroxine이 고콜레스테롤 혈증 흰쥐의 Hormone 및 지질대사에 미치는 영향 - 2. 간장, 뇌 및 고환 중의 지질 성분

정승용(Seung-Yong Chung),김성희(Sung-Hee Kim),김한수(Han-Soo Kim),정효숙(Hyo-Sook Cheong),김행자(Haeng-Ja Kim),강진순(Jin-Soon Kang) 한국식품영양과학회 1991 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

고콜레스테롤 혈증 흰쥐에 영지추출액, 케일 녹즙 및 sodium dextrothyroxine을 급여한 임상실험을 통해 간장, 뇌 및 고환의 총콜레스테롤, 중성지질, 인지질의 농도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 간장의 총콜레스테롤 농도는 케일녹즙, sodium dextrothyroxine 1.25㎎/㎏ diet 급여군이 현저히 낮았으며 중성지질의 농도는 영지추출액 급여군이 다른 실험군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 인지질의 농도는 영지추출액, 케일녹즙 및 sodium dextrothyroxine 급여군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 뇌의 총콜레스테롤 농도는 각 실험군간에 유의성있는 차이가 없었으며 중성지질의 농도는 영지추출액 급여군이 가장 낮았다. 인지질 농도는 영지추출액 급여군이 대조군과 비슷한 수준이었으나 다른 실험군은 대조군에 비해서 높았다. 고환의 총콜레스테롤 농도는 전 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 낮았으며 중성지질 농도는 콜레스테롤, 영지추출액 및 케일녹즙 급여군이 유의적으로 낮았다. 인지질 농도는 영지추출액 및 케일녹즙 급여군은 대조군과 비슷한 수준이었으나 sodium dextrothyroxine급여군은 높게 나타났다. Studies comparing the relative effects of water soluble extract of Ganoderma lucidum, kale juice and sodium dextrothyroxine on lipid component in liver, brain and testis of hypercholesterolemic rats for 4 weeks. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate for prevention in cardiovascular disease. Total cholesterol concentration in liver were significantly lower kale juice and sodium dextrothyroxine(1.25㎎/㎏ diet) fed groups than the other groups, and triglyceride concentration was significantly lower Ganoderma lucidum fed group than in control group. Total cholesterol concentration in testis were lower other groups than in control group, and triglyceride concentration were significantly lower cholesterol. Ganoderma lucidum and kale juice groups in control group. Phospholipid concentration in testis was higher sodium dextrothyroxine fed group than in control group.

전어內臟젓의 맛成分

정승용(Seung-Yong Chung),김희숙(Hee-Suk Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1980 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.9 No.1

젓갈은 傳統있는 水産醱酵食品으로서 옛부터 즐겨 먹어온 우리나라 固有의 嗜好食品으로 널리 愛用되고 있으나 이들에 關한 詳細한 硏究는 많지 않다. 本 硏究는 전어內臟젓의 맛成分을 밝히기 위해 전어內臟젓 熟成중의 遊離아미노酸, 核酸關聯物質, betaine, TMAO 및 TMA의 變化를 實驗하였다.<br/> 전어內臟젓 熟成중 ATP, ADP, AMP 및 IMP는 減少하고 반면 hypoxanthine은 增加하여 熟成 50日 후에는 7.2u mole/g으로서 原料에 比하여 2倍나 增加하였다.<br/> 原料의 遊離아미노酸組成을 보면 含量이 많은 것은 lysine, glutamic acid, valine, alanine, serine이며 含量이 적은 것은 arginine, phenyl-alanine, tyrosine이었고 cysteine 및 proline은 痕迹量에 不過하였다. 젓갈 熟成중 遊離아미노酸의 量的인 變化는 있었으나 組成에는 變化가 없었고 大部分 原料에 많았던 lysine, valine, glutamic acid, serine methionine, 등의 遊離아미노酸이 젓갈중에도 含量이 많았으며 엑스分窒素에 대한 遊離아미노酸窒素의 比率은 50日間 熟成시킨 젓갈이 가장 높았다.<br/> betaine은 젓갈의 熟成과 더불어 계속해서 增加하여 熟成 50日 후에는 14.5㎎%로서 原料에 比하여 約 4.5倍 增加하였다. TMAP는 成熟 50 日 후에 17.1㎎%, TMA는 56.0㎎%였다.<br/> 전어內臟젓의 맛成分으로서는 含量이 많은 lysine, valine, glutamic acid, leucine, methionine, serine, alanine, arginine 등의 遊離아미노酸과 核酸關聯物質로서는 hypoxanthine 등이 食鹽의 짠맛과 組合되어 전어內臟젓의 맛에 重要한 구실을 할 것이라고 推定된다. This study was attempted to establish the basic data for evaluating taste compounds in fermented entrails of Clupanodon Osdeckii.<br/> The changes of such compounds as amino acids, nucleotides and their related compounds, betaine, TMAO and TMA during fermentation were analyzed.<br/> IMP, AMP, ADP and ATP were decreased, while hypoxanthine was increased during the fermentation. The content of hypoxanthine in fermented entrails of Clupanodon Osdeckii after 50 days was increased to about 2 times of that in raw entrails.<br/> In the free amino acid composition of raw entrails, abundant amino acids were lysine, glutamic acid, valine, alanine, threonine, serine, leucine and glycine in order. Such amino acids as arginine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were lower than 2.0% of total free amino acid, and proline and cysteine were detected in trace amount.<br/> The changes in free amino acid composition of the extract in entrails of Clupanodon Osdeckii during fermentation were not observed. Such amino acids as lysine, glutamic acid, valine, serine and leucine were especially abundant in both raw and fermented products. The content of total free amino acids in fermented entrails of Clupanodon Osdeckii after 50 days were increased to about 12 times of that in raw.<br/> The content of betaine nitrogen were about 14.5 (moisture and salt free base) after 50 days of<br/> fermentation. TMAO nitrogen was decreased during the fermentation.<br/> It is believed that lysine, glutamic acid, valine, serine, leucine and hypoxanthine play an important role as taste compounds in fermented entrails of Clupanodon Oseckii.

영지 열수추출액이 식이성 고콜레스테롤 혈증 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

정승용(Seung-Yong Chung),김성애(Seong-Ae Kim),김성희(Sung-Hee Kim),김한수(Han-Soo Kim),김군자(Goon-Ja Kim),김희숙(Hee-Sook Kim),정효숙(Hyo-Sook Cheong) 한국식품영양과학회 1990 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

혈청중의 총콜레스테롤 농도는 대조군(기초식이+물)이 가장 낮았으며 2군(고콜레스테롤 혈증 흰쥐→기초식이+물)에 비해 4군(고콜레스테롤 혈증 흰쥐→기초식이+물)에 비해 4군(고콜레스테롤 혈증 흰쥐→기초식이+영지추출액)이, 3군(고콜레스테롤 혈증 흰쥐→콜레스테롤식이+물)에 비해 5군(고콜레스테롤 혈증 흰쥐→콜레스테롤식이+영지추출액)이 낮았다. 혈청중의 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 대조군, 2군및 4군에서 유의성있게 높았다. 혈청중 중성지방농도는 대조군에 비해 4군과 5군이 유의적으로 낮았다. 혈청중 인지질 농도는 전군간에 유의성이 없었으며 간장중의 총콜레스테롤농도는 대조군에 비해 고콜레스테롤 혈증군(2~5군)이 유의적으로 높았다. 그러나 2군에 비해 4군이 낮았고 3군에 비해 5군이 낮았다. 간장중의 중성지방농도는 2군과 4군이 대조군과 비슷한 농도를 나타냈으나 3군및 5군은 유의적으로 높았다. 간장중의 인지질농도는 대조군에 비해 3군이 유의적으로 높은 반면 4군및 5군은 유의적으로 낮았다. 혈청중 과산화지질농도는 4군이 가장 낮았다. 혈당농도는 고콜레스테롤 혈증 흰쥐에 콜레스테롤식이와 영지추출액을 급이한 5군이 가장 낮았다. For the investigation of the effects of G. lucidum on prevention and attention of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, dietary hypercholesterolemic rats were fed with 2.0g% G. lucidum extracts for 4 weeks. And then concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid in serum and liver, and those of HDL-cholesterol, lipid peroxide, glucose in serum were analyzed. Concentration of total cholesterol in serum was the lowest in the control group(basal diet+water), and HDL-cholesterol in serum were significantly higher in groups of control, 2(hypercholesterolemic rats→basal+water) and 4(hypercholesterolemic rats→basal+G. l. extract). The concentration of triglyceride in serum were signficantly lower in groups 4 and 5 (hypercholesterolemic rats→cholesterol+G. l. extract) than in the control group. Phospholipid content in serum were not significantly different among all groups. Total cholesterol in liver was significantly higher in hypercholesterolemic rats than in the control group, and triglyceride concentration were significantly higher in groups of 3(hypercholesterolemic rats→cholesterol+water) and 5 than others. Phospholipid in liver was significantly higher in group 3 than in the control group, but groups of 4 and 5 were lower. As for lipid peroxide in serum was the lowest in group 4, and glucose concentration was lowest in group 5 than in other groups.

굴젓의 정미분석( I ) : 굴젓熟成中의 遊離아미노酸의 變化

鄭承鏞(Seung-Yong Chung),李鐘美(Jong-Mee Lee),李鍾祐(Jong-Ho Lee),成洛珠(Nak-Ju Sung) 韓國營養學會 1977 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.10 No.4

해삼內臟젓의 맛成分

정승용(Seung-Yong Chung),성낙주(Nak-ju Sung),이종미(Jong-Mi Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 1981 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.10 No.1

해삼內臟젓은 그 香味가 獨特하여 嗜好食品으로서 널리 愛用되고 있으나 그의 맛成分에 대한 硏究報告는 없다. 그래서 內臟젓의 맛成分을 밝혀 食品營養學的 基礎資料를 얻고져 三千浦産 해 삼 內臟을 原料로 써 熟成 中 遊離아미노酸, 遊離糖, 核酸關聯物質, TMAO, TMA 및 betaine의 變化를 實驗하였다.<br/> 해삼內臟의 遊離아미노酸 組成을 보면 含量이 많은 것은 glutamic acid, alanine, glycine 및 proline 이고 含量이 적은 것은 leucine, valine phenylalanine, isoleucine, methionine 및 tyrosine 등이었다. 含量이 많은 아미노酸의 全遊離아미노酸에 대한 비율을 보면 glutamic acid가 32.3%, alanine 이 16.4%, glycine이 12.0%, proline 이 10.54%로서 이들 4種의 아미노酸이 全遊離아미노酸의 71.2%를 차지하였다.<br/> 젓갈 熟成中 遊離아미노酸 組成에는 變化가 없으나 原料에 많았던 glutamic acid, alanine, glycine proline, lysine, arginine 및 leucine 등은 熟成期間에 따라 量的 變化는 있었지만 大體로 보아 젓갈 製品에도 含量이 많았다.<br/> 해삼內臟젓의 遊離糖으로서는 galactose 가 933.7~988.0㎎%로서 월등히 많았고, arabinose가 78.7㎎%, xylose가 55.2~77.1㎎%였으며 萄糖은 흔적량이었다.<br/> 核酸關聯物質은 젓갈 熟成 中 大體로 增加하는 傾向이었고 特히 含量이 많은 것은 hypoxanthine으로서 47.1~62.5μmole/g였으며, 呈味性이 强한 lMP도 比較的 含量이 많았다.<br/> 젓갈 熟成 中 TMA는 增加하는 反面 TMAO는 점차 減少하는 傾向이었으며, 해삼內臟젓에는 TMAO窒素가 30.0㎎% 前後로서 比較的 含量이 많았다.<br/> 젓갈 熟成 中 betaine은 점차 增加하는 傾向이었고, 해삼內臟에 545.0㎎%, 젓갈에는 734.2~934.2㎎%로서 월등히 그 含量이 많았다.<br/> 해삼內臟젓의 呈味成分으로서는 좋은맛을 가진 glutamic acid, 단맛을 가진 alanine, glycine, lysine, proline, arginine, 쓴맛을 가진 leucine을 主體로 한 遊離아미노酸, 그리고 galactose, arabinose 및 xylose등의 遊離糖, 단맛을 가진 betaine TMAO 및 核酸關聯物質로서는 lMP, hypoxanthine 등이 重要한 成分이고 이들 成分들이 해삼內臟의 獨特한 香氣와 texture등과 組合되어 해삼內臟젓의 風味에 重要한 구실을 할 것이라는 結論을 얻었다. Fermented trepang entrails, Stichopus Japonicus, is widely used and occupied an important position in foods of this country. But little study on its taste compounds has been reported. This study was attempted to establish the basic data for evaluating taste compounds of fermented trepang entrails.<br/> Changes of free amino acids, free sugars, nucleotides and their related compounds as taste compounds during the fermentation of trepang entrails were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer and high speed liquid chromatography.<br/> Glutamic acid, alanine, glycine and proline were dominant amino acid in the fresh extracts, having 32.3%, 16.4%, 12.0% and 10.5% of the total free amino acid content, respectively. The content of leucine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, methionine and tyrosine were low.<br/> The free amino acid were not changed in composition but changed in amounts during the fermentation of trepang entrails. Glutamic acid, alanine, glycine, proline, lysine, arginine and leucine were abundant in both fresh sample and fermented products.<br/> Free sugars in fermented trepang entrails, the results showed that galactose(933.7-988.0 ㎎%) was dominant and the content of arabinose, xylose were 78.7, 55.2-771㎎% on moisture and salt free base respectively but glucose was detected in trace amount.<br/> Nucleotides and their related compounds were increased during the fermentation and hypoxanthine(47.1-62.5μmole/g, on moisture and salt free base) were dominant, IMP was abundant in fermented trepang entrails.<br/> TMA was increased while TMAO was decreased during the fermentation. The content of TMAO nitrogen in fermented trepang entrails was 30.0㎎% on moisture and salt free base. The content of betine was increased during the fermentation and was ranged from 734.2 to 934.2㎎% on moisture and salt free base.<br/> It is believed that such amino acids as glutamic acid, alanine, glycine, lysine, proline, arginine, leucine, such free sugars as galactose, arabinose, xylose, glucose, such nucleotides and their related compounds as IMP, hypoxanthine play an important role as taste compounds in fermented trepang entrails.

영지, 케일 및 Sodium Dextrothyroxine이 고콜레스테롤 혈증 흰쥐의 Hormone 및 지질대사에 미치는 영향 1. 혈청중 Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, 혈당 농도 및 지질성분

정승용(Seung-Yong Chung),김성희(Sung-Hee Kim),김한수(Han-Soo Kim),강진순(Jin-Soon Kang),정효숙(Hyo-Sook Cheong),김군자(Goon-Ja Kim),김행자(Haeng-Ja Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1990 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.19 No.5

고콜레스테롤 혈증 흰쥐에 영지 열수 추출액, 케일녹즙 및 sodium dextrothyroxine을 급여한 임상실험을 통해 혈청 총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, 인지질, 중성지방, 혈당, T₃ 및 T₄ 농도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 혈청중 총콜레스테롤 농도는 대조군에 비해 콜레스테롤 급여군이 유의적으로 높았으며 영지추출액, 케일녹즙 및 sodium dextrothyroxine급여군은 낮았다. 총콜레스테롤 농도에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도비는 sodium dextrothyroxine 급여군이 가장 높았고 영지 추출액 및 케일녹즙 급여군도 유의적으로 높았다. 혈청 중 인지질의 농도는 영지 추출액, 케일녹즙 및 sodium dextrothyroxine(1.25㎎/㎏ diet)급여군이 유의적으로 낮았으며 중성지방 농도는 영지추출액과 sodium dextrothyroxine급여군에서 낮았다. 혈청중 triiodothyronine 농도는 영지추출액 및 dextrothyroxine(1.25㎎/㎏ diet) 급여군은 높았다. Tetraiodothyronine농도는 sodium dextrothyroxine급여군에서 현저히 높게 나타났다. 혈당농도는 콜레스테롤 급여군에서 약간 낮았으며 sodium dextrothyroxine(1.25㎎/㎏ diet)급여군에서 약간 높았다. 이상의 결과와 같이 영지추출액, 케일녹즙 및 sodium dextrothyroxine제제는 혈청 지질 개선효과가 다소나마 있는것으로 생각된다. This study was investigated the effects of water soluble extract of Ganoderma lucidum, kale juice and sodium dextrothyroxine on lipid components in serum of hypercholesterolemic rats in vivo, in order to prevent in cardiovascular disease. Total cholesterol concentrations in serum were significantly increased after feeding cholesterol diet group compared with control group, and were lower in Ganoderma lucidum, kale juice and sodium dextrothyroxine diet groups than in control group. Ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol were significantly highest in sodium dextrothyroxine fed groups among diet groups, and were higher in Ganoderma lucidum and kale juice fed group than in control group. Phospholipid concentrations in serum were significantly lower in Ganoderma lucidum, kale juice and sodium dextrothyroxine(1.25㎎/㎏ diet) fed groups than in control group, and triglyceride concentrations were lower in Ganoderma lucidum, sodium dextrothyroxine fed groups than in other groups. Triiodothyronine concentrations in serum were lower in Ganoderma lucidum, and kale juice fed groups than in the other groups, while it was higher in sodium dextrothyroxine diet group than in other groups. Tetraiodothyronine concentrations in serum were remakably higher in sodium dextrothyroxine fed group than in other groups. Blood glucose concentration was lower in cholesterol diet group than in other groups, but was higher in sodium dextrothyroxine diet group than in other groups.

攝取油脂의 種類가 高콜레스테롤食餌 흰쥐의 血淸 및 肝臟의 脂質成分에 미치는 影響 - 들깨기름과 말쥐치기름을 中心으로 -

정승용(Seung-Yong Chung),서맹희(Maeng-Hee Seo),박필숙(Pil-Sook Park),강보순(Jin-Soon Kang),강정옥(Jeong-Ock Kang) 한국식품영양과학회 1986 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.15 No.1

w-3계 linolenic acid가 풍부한 들깨기름 및 EPA와 DHA가 함유된 말쥐치기름의 혈청 및 간장의 지질성분에 마치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 지방산조성이 다른 몇가지 유지를 고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐에 식이하므로서 혈청 및 간장중의 지질농도에 미치는 영향을 비교 실험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다.<br/> 1. 사료섭취량과 증체량은 전 시험군간에 있어 별다른 차이가 없었다.<br/> 2. 혈청의총 cholesterol농도는 soybean oil perilla oil및 file fish oil 식이군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다.<br/> HDL-cholesterol 농도는 file fish oil 식이군이 가장 높았으며, perilla oil 식이군도 약간의 상승효과가 있었다.<br/> 총 cholesterol에 대한 HDL-cholesterol의 비율은 file fish oil식이군이 가장 높았다.<br/> 3. 간장의 총 cholesterol농도는 전 시험군간에 유의적인 차이는 없으나 file fish oil 및 perilla oil 식이군에서 약간 낮은 경향이었다.<br/> 4. 혈청의 triglyceride농도는 soybean oil 및 perilla oil식이군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다.<br/> phospholipid의 농도는 file fish oil식이군이 가장 낮았으며, soybean oil 및 perilla oil식이군에서도 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다.<br/> 5. 간장중의 triglyceride및 phospholipid의 농도는 전시험군간에 유의적인 차이는 없으나, perilla oil식이군이 약간 낮은 경향이었다.<br/> 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 perilla oil 및 file fish oil은 혈청의 총 cholesterol, 및 phospholipid의 농도저하 효과가 다소 있는 것으로 사려된다. In order to investigate the effect of file fish oil and perilla oil on lipid components in serum and liver of rats on hypercholesterolemic diet, concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in serum and liver were measured along with high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration of the serum. Body weight gain and amount of food intake did not differ significantly among different dietary groups. Concentration of total-cholesterol in serum was significantly lower with 5% lard+5% soybean oil, 5% lard+5% perilla oil and 5% lard+5% file fish oil diets than with 10% lard diet. High density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was highest in 5% lard+5% file fish oil group. Ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol was highest in 5% lard +5% file fish oil group. Concentrations of total cholesterol in liver were not significantly different among all groups, but were slightly low in 5% lard+5% file fish oil and 5% lard+5% perilla oil groups. Concentration of serum triglyceride was significantly lower in 5% lard+5% soybean oil and 5% lard+5% perilla oil groups compared with 10% lard group. Concentration of serum phospholipid was lowest in rats on 5% lard+5% file fish oil diet and was lower in 5% lard+5% soybean oil and 5% lard +5% perilla oil groups than in 10% lard group.<br/> Concentration of triglyceride and phospholipid in liver were not significantly different among all groups. but tended to be relatively low in rats on 5% lard+5% perilla oil diet, In conclusion, the results suggest that perilla oil and file fish oil have depressing effects on serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid.

패류의 가공적성 3. 굴의 가공적성

이응호,정승용,김수현,류병호,하진환,오후규,성낙주,양승택,LEE Eung-Ho,CHUNG Seung-Yong,KIM Soo-Hyeun,RYU Byeong-Ho,HA Jin-Hwan,OH Hoo-Gyu,SUNG Nak-Ju,YANG Syng-Tack 한국수산과학회 1975 한국수산과학회지 Vol.8 No.2

로우푸수하식 양식굴의 가공적성에 관한 실험을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 굴의 각내부피에 대한 연체부의 무게 또는 각내 부피에 대한 연체부의 부피의 측정값으로서 비만도를 측정하는 지표로 이용할 수 있다. 2. 육류분의 월별변화를 보면 수분과 지방은 대체로 역상관관계가 됐고, 단백질은 4월부터 약간감소하기 시작하여 7월에 급격히 감소하였다가 8월에 다시 급격하게 증가하나 9월부터 다시 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 글리코겐은 4월부터 급격하게 감소하기 시작하여, $6\~8$월에 최저값을 나타내고, 9월부터 다시 증가하였다. pH는 $6.0\~6.2$로서 시간적으로 큰 변화는 찾아 볼 수 없이 거의 일정하였다. 회분은 $6\~8$월에 약간 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 3. 비만도 및 육성분 분석결과로써 가공적성을 판정한다면 가공원료 채취적기는 12월말에서 다음에 5월까지라고 보아진다. 4. 중금속함량의 시기적변화범위를 보면 수은은 $0\~0.019ppm$, 카드뮴은 $0.026\~0.053ppm $, 구리는 $0.111\~0.594ppm$ 남은 $0.061\~0.581ppm로 $로서 가공원료로 안전하다고 볼 수 있다. 5. 생굴을 냉동하기 전에 플리인산나트륨을 $10\%$ 함유한 $5\%$ 식염수에 침지처리한 것은 해동시에 drip 유출방지핵과가 있었다. 6. $ Na_2EDTA$또는 BHA용액에서 침지처리하는 전처리 조작만으로서는 굴 보일드통조림의 황변을 방지할 수 없었다. 7. $2\%$염화마구네슘 용액은 살아 있는 굴의 개각활동을 촉진하는 효과가 있었다. The estimation of the pre-processing condition of oyster is of great importance for distributors and processors. This study was attempted to establish the basic data for evaluating the processing suitability of oyster, which is the most important shellfish for domestic use and export. The data were analysed by measuring the condition index, chemical composition and heavy metal content of oysters. In order to eliminate the manual work that has to be done on a tightly closed oyster shell and avoid shrinkage in the oyster meat which is attendant on the steaming process, chemical means to open oyster were examined. finding the method of pretreatment of polyphosphate for frozen oysters were attempted to improve the product quality. The prevention of undesirable color change of the canned oyster meat is another problem to solve. The important results are as follows : 1. The ratio of meat volume and meat weight to the holding capacity by shells may be useful as an index to measure the condition index of oysters. 2. As a whole, monthly changes of moisture and fat content in oysters were reversely correlated. Protein content slightly decreased from April and rapidly decreased in July, and again rapidly increased in August but from September to November decreased slightly. In April, the content of glycogen was 4 percent. From this period to September, glycogen was rapidly decreased. From July to September, it was only 0. 7 to 1 percent but increased from October. There were little seasonal changes in pH value. The pH value of oyster meat was 6.0 to 6.2. The crude ash content was slightly decreased from June to August. 3. The range of monthly change of heavy metal content are as follows: Total mercury was 0 to 0.019 ppm, cadmium was 0.026 to 0.053 ppm, copper was 0.111 to 0.594 ppm, and lead_was 0.061 to 0.581 ppm. 4. By the results of condition index, chemical composition and heavy metal content of oysters, the suitable harvest season as raw materials for processing was the end of December to the end of May of next year. 5. The pretreatment of 10 percent polyphosphate in 5 percent salt solution of oyster meat appeared effective to reduce thawing drip during cold storage. 6. The pretreatment of $Na_2EDTA$ and BHA did not show the color prevention effect to the canned oyster meat during storage. 7. Magnesium chloride affected to open the valves of oysters.

식이내 Selenium과 Vitamin E가 Alcohol을 섭취한 흰쥐의 간 지질과산화에 관련된 효소의 활성에 미치는 영향

김갑순(Kap-Soon Kim),정승용(Seung-Yong Chung),김석환(Suk-Whan Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1993 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

본 실험은 식이내 Se와 vitamin E 수준이 알코올을 섭취한 흰쥐의 간 지질과산화에 관련된 효소의 활성에 미치는 영향을 살펴 보고자 한 것이다. 이를 위해 평균 체중이 58~62g인 Sprague-Dawley계의 숫쥐 72마리를 Se의 투여량 (0㎎, 0.4㎎, 10㎎/㎏ diet)과 vitamin E 투여 량 (0㎎, 150㎎/㎏ diet) 및 알코올 섭취 여부에 따라 12군으로 구분하여 7주간 사육 하였다. 알코올섭취는 사육 3주째부터 급수용 물에 10%로 맞추어 투여하여 제한 없이 먹게 하였다. 혈장중의 γ-GTP합성은 알코올 섭취군이 비섭취군 보다 높았고, Se의 과잉(HSe) 및 결핍된군(LSe)이 정상군(CSe) 보다 높았으며 알코올 섭취시 Se과 vitamin E의 결핍은 γ-GTP량의 상승에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 혈장 GOT는 알코올섭취군이 비섭취군에 비해서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 그리고 혈장 GPT 활성은 알코올 섭취군이 비섭취군 보다 약간 높은 경향이었고, Se이 결핍된 군에서의 알코올 섭취의 영향은 다른 군에서의 알코올섭취 영향보다 GPT의 상승에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다. GSH-Px의 활성은 Se이 결핍된 LSe군은 HSe군과 CSe군에 비해서 유의적으로 낮았다. Cytosol fraction의 GSH-Px 활성은 알코올 섭취군에서 약간 낮은 값이었고 Se이 과잉 및 결핍된 HSe군과 LSe군은 CSe군에 비해서 약 2배 정도 낮은 값을 나타내었다. HSe군의 혈장내 Se과 cytosol fraction GSH-Px의 상관관계는 negative 상관관계를 보였고 (r=-0.662, p<0.001) L-군은 positive 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.640, p<0.001). Microsome fraction에서 GSH S-transferase의 활성은 알코올 섭취군에서 약간 높은 경향이었고, LSe군이 다른군에 비해서 유의적으로 높았으며, cytosol fraction에서도 LSe, CSe, HSe군 순서로 높았고, vitamin E 비섭취군은 섭취군 보다 높은 경향을 나타내었고, 알코올 섭취시 Se과 vitamin E결핍은 GSH S-transferase를 더욱 증가시켰다. Mitochondria의 catalase 활성은 HSe군은 CSe군 보다 낮은 경향이었으나 Se을 결핍시킨 LSe군은 오히려 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 간 cytosol fraction의 SOD는 각 군간에 큰 변화가 없었고 cytochrome P-450은 알코올 섭취군이 높았으며 Se을 과잉으로 섭취한 HSe군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 결론적으로 Se와 vitamin E의 결핍은 지질과산화에 관련된 효소의 활성을 높혀 간 지질 과산화를 촉진 하고 더우기 알코올의 섭취시에는 그 영향이 더욱 두드러진 것으로 보인다. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of seleniumc (Se) and vitamin E on activity of enzyme relevant to lipid peroxidation in alcohol administrated rats. Seventy two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about 58~62g were divided into 12groups. The dietary Se levels were 0, 0.4 and 10㎎ and the dietary vitamin E levels were 0 and 150㎎ per ㎏ diet, respectively. Alcohol-administrated groups received drinking water solution containing 10% of ethanol from the 3-weeks of experimental periods. The obtained experimental results are summarized as follow : The γ-GTP activity in plasma was higher in alcohol administrated groups and high selenium group (HSe) and low selenium group (LSe) than in control groups (CSe). The γ-GOT and GPT activities were higher in alcohol groups. The γ-GTP activity was significantly influenced by alcohol in LSe groups than in other groups. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of plasma was significantly lower in LSe groups than HSe and CSe groups. The GSH-Px activity of microsomal and cytosolic fraction was slightly lower in alcohol groups and was about a half value lower in HSe and LSe groups than CSe groups. There was negative correlation between plasma Se level and GSH-Px activity of cytosolic fraction in HSe groups (r=-0.662, P<0.001) and positive correlation in LSe groups (r=0.640, p<0.001). The GSH S-transferase activity. in microsomal and cytosolic fraction was slightly higher in alcohol administrated but vitamin E nonadministrated groups, and significantly higher in LSe groups than in other groups. The catalase activity in mitochondria was lower in HSe than CSe groups, but rather higher in LSe groups. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in cytosolic fraction of liver was not found any effect in all groups. The cytochrome P-450 was higher in alcohol groups, but significantly lower in HSe groups. In conclusion, the deficiency of Se and vitamin E develops the hyperoxidation of liver lipid through the increase of activity of enzyme related to the lipid peroxidation and alcohol administration appears to further increase of hyperoxidation of liver lipid.

각질형성세포에서 레티노인산(All-trans Retinoic Acid)에 의한 IL-8 발현의 기전

정예리 ( Yae Lee Chung ),강태원 ( Tae Won Kang ),오성민 ( Sung Min Oh ),정승용 ( Seung Yong Chung ),김수찬 ( Soo Chan Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2009 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.47 No.6

Background: Retinoic acid (RA) has been reported to induce the up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF-α and IL-8 in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. There is no evidence to support a direct interaction between the RA-mediated transcriptional machinery and IL-8 gene transcription. Objective: The aim of this study is to clarify the mechanism of the up-regulation of IL-8 in keratinocytes by RA. Methods: The IL-1, IL-8, TNF-α and MCP-1 mRNA expressions in HaCaT cells stimulated by RA were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. The effects of a NF-κB inhibitor and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) on the IL-8 mRNA expression were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Electrophoretic motility shift assay (EMSA) was conducted on the RA-stimulated HaCaT cells that were or were not treated with NF-κB inhibitor to measure the NF-κB binding activity in each group. The phospho-IκB activity in the HaCaT cells after stimulation with RA was also measured by Western blotting. Results: An up-regulation of the IL-8 gene expression by RA was demonstrated in the HaCaT cells. The inhibition assay revealed the involvement of the NF-κB binding site of the IL-8 gene in the RA-enhanced promoter activity. EMSA demonstrated that RA enhanced the formation of the DNA-NF-κB complex. There was no evidence to support IL-1 as an intermediate stimulus between the RA-mediated transcriptional machinery and IL-8 gene transcription. Western blot analysis revealed increased phospho-IκB activity in the HaCaT cells after stimulation with RA. Conclusion: Our result suggested that the IL-8 gene expression of HaCaT cells after RA stimulation is caused by the activation of IKK and the dissociation of IκB from NF-κB and the transcription of NF-κB in the nucleus. (Korean J Dermatol 2009;47(6):674∼682)