동증류기를 이용한 과실증류주의 품질 특성

조호철(Ho-Cheol Cho),강순아(Soon Ah Kang),최성인(Sung-Inn Choi),정철(Chul Cheong) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.5

과실을 이용한 증류주 개발에 있어서 국내에서 생산량이 많고 과잉생산으로 인한 잉여과실 발생빈도가 높은 사과와 감귤을 선정하였으며, 외국에서 증류주 제조에 많이 사용하고 국내에 많이 자생하는 마가목 열매를 원료로 선정하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 각 원료의 발효특성에 따라 맞춤형 효모를 선정하였고, 선정된 효모를 이용하여 발효한 술덧을 동재질의 상압다단식증류기와 스테인리스 재질의 상압단식 증류기 및 감압단식증류기 등으로 각각 증류한 증류주의 주요 향기성분과 증류효율 등을 비교 평가하였다. 또한 상기 증류주의 품질평가를 위해 4개월 숙성 후 관능평가를 실시하였다. 연구결과 사과와 감귤의 경우 원료 사용비율에 관계없이 발효가 원활히 진행되었으나 마가목 열매의 경우 원료 사용비율이 10 w/v% 이상일 경우 발효가 되지 않거나 미미하였으며, 사용비율이 8 w/v% 이하일 때에는 원활한 발효가 진행되었다. 원료별, 증류방식별로 초류, 본류, 후류로 나누어 증류한 증류주의 증류효율을 검토한 결과 과실 원료 차이에 따른 증류주의 수율 차이는 적었지만, 증류효율 면에서는 상압다단식 증류기, 상압단식, 감압단식 순으로 높게 나타났다. 과실증류주의 주요 향기성분 분석결과 증류방식별 다소의 차이를 나타내었으나 모든 원료에서 동재질의 상압다단식증류 방식에 의해 제조된 시제품이 스테인리스 재질의 상압단식 및 감압단식방식에 의해 제조된 증류주에 비해 아로마가 풍부한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 사용된 원료에 관계없이 증류수율, 작업능률 및 품질측면에서 동재질의 상압다단식증류방식이 스테인리스 재질의 단식 또는 감압증류방식보다는 증류주제조에 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 쌀을 이용한 증류주 제조에만 국한되어 있는 국내 증류주시장을 고려하면 과실을 이용한 유럽스타일의 증류주 제조, 특히 마가목 열매를 이용한 과실증류주 상품화 기술은 향후 FTA 시대를 맞아 시장 다변화 및 우리술 경쟁력 강화에 기여할 것으로 보인다. The objective of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of spirits derived from fruit using copper distillation equipment. First, optimal yeast strains were chosen through a fermentation test on raw materials (apples, mandarins and rowanberries). The normal fermentation condition for rowanberries observed at a rowanberry concentration of 8% during mashing included chaptalization with sugar to increase the alcohol content. During the mashing, fruits were fermented and distilled through one of three different types of distillation apparatuses (pot distiller, vacuum distiller, or multistage distiller made of copper). The results revealed that the type of apparatus used affects the content of alcohol and flavor components. The distilled spirits prepared through a copper multistage distiller had a much higher tendency to retain components of fruit aromas such as ethyl acetate and provided higher yields than spirits prepared with a pot distiller or vacuum distiller. Thus, the copper multistage distiller apparatus can be applied to positively influence the taste and flavor of fruit distilled spirits by enhancing fruit aromas, removing impurities such as sulfur components and enhancing yields.

還元型 glutathione이 急性 에타놀 中毒 흰쥐의 肝 및 血液 數種代謝에 미치는 效果

曺晧哲,姜錫憲 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1981 慶北醫大誌 Vol.22 No.1

에타놀 急性 中毒때의 肝 및 血液의 代謝過程과 GSH의 投與가 에타놀 中毒에 미치는 效果의 一端을 알고자, 흰쥐를 材料로 하여 50%에타놀을 體重 100gm當 1.5㎖씩 經口的으로 單回投與하여 急性 에타놀 中毒을 일으켰고(EOH群), 그 前 3日間 每日 體重 100gm 當 5mg의 GSH溶液을 腹腔內로 注射한 後, 中毒을 일으킨 群(GSH+EOH 群)및 GSH만을 投與한 群(GSH群)에서 各各 24時間까지 經時的으로 Hct値, 에타놀 血中濃度, 肝蛋白量 및 GSH와 GSSG量, 그리고 血中 GSH 및 GSSG量을 測定하여 正常群과 比較하여 다음의 結果를 얻었다. 에타놀 血中濃度는 正常値인 145.0±12.0mg% (平均±標準誤差以下同)에 比하여 GSH群에서는 全實驗時間에 差異가 없었으나, EOH群 및 GSH+EOH에서는 1時間에서 各各 712.0±19.0mg% 및 668.0±16.Omg%로서 有意한 增加를 나타내었고 24時間까지 漸次 낮아지는 傾向을 보이나 正常値에 比해서는 모두 有意하게 높은 값을 나타내었다. 그리고 EOH群과 GSH+EOH群을 比較하면 各 實驗時間에서 서로 거의 差異를 나타내지 않았으나 GSH+EOH群이 若干 낮은듯한 傾向을 보였다. Hct値는 正常의 45.1±1.77%에 比하여 GSH群에서는 全實驗 時間에서 差異를 나타내지 않았으나 EOH群에서는 모두 正常値보다 높은 값을 나타내었고, 特히 6時間에서 最高値인 59.1±2.15%의 有意한 값을 나타낸 後 24時間까지 漸次 낮아져서 正常値에 가까와지는 傾向을 나타내었다. GSH+EOH群에서도 全體的인 傾向은 EOH群과 同一하였으나 EOH群보다는 若干 낮은 傾向을 나타내었다. 血中 GSH는 正常値인 6.85±0.4μ㏖/㎖에 比하여 GSH群은 實驗初期에는 높은 값을 나타내었다가 漸次 24時間까지는 正常値에 가까와지는 傾向 을 나타내는 反面, EOH群은 有意하게 낮은 값을 나타내었다가 24時間에서는 正常에 가까와지는 傾向을 나타내었고, GSH+EOH群에서는 EOH群보다는 높고 正常에 가까운 値를 나타 내었다. 血中 GSSG는 正常値 11.90±1.04μ㏖/㎖에 比하여 GSH群은 1~3時間에서는 높은 값을 나타내었다가 24時間에서는 正常値에 가까와졌고, EOH群 및 GSH+EOH群에서도 全實驗을 通하여 正常値보다는 높은 값을 나타내었으나, GSH+EOH群에 比해서는 EOH群이 全般的으로 낮은 값을 나타내는 傾向이었다. 肝蛋白量은 正常의 225.7±8.54mg/gm에 比해서 EOH群이나 GSH+EOH群에서는 모두 有意하게 높은 값을 나타내었고, EOH群이 GSH+EOH群보다 若干 낮은 傾向을 나타내었다. 肝 GSH는 正常의 9.20±0.72μ㏖/gm에 比하여 GSH群에서는 큰 差異가 없으나 EOH群에서는 有意하게 낮고, 特히 6時間에서 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. GSH+EOH群에서는 正常値보다는 大體로 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 肝 GSSG는 正常値인 5.21±0.48μ㏖/gm에 比하여 GSH群은 큰 差異가 없고, EOH群 및 GSH+EOH群에서는 正常보다 높은 傾向을 나타내었고 EOH群은 6 및 12時間에 가장 높은 값을, 그리고 GSH+EOH群은 1 및 3時間에 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다가 24時間에서는 正常値에 가까와졌다. 以上의 結果를 綜合할 때 GSH의 投與가 急性 에타놀 中毒에 있어 그 中毒狀能를 恢復함에 있어 相當히 有效하다고 恩料된다. Reduced glutathione (GSH) has been reported to be effective in some hepatic disorders and also in protecting the body against a certain toxic agents including ionizing radiation. However, little is known whether GSH is also effective in acute ethanol intoxication. In the present study, an effort was directed to clarify the possible effectiveness of GSH in the state of excessive ethanol ingestion to the point of acute intoxication. The protein, GSH and GSSG (oxidized glutathione) levels of the liver, and the GSH and GSSG levels of the blood as well as hematocrit (Hct) and blood ehtanol concentration were chosen as the parameters of the hepatic or blood metabolism. The healthy and fully matured albino rats of either sex were used, and 1.5㎖ of 50% ethanol per 100gm of body weigilt was given by oral intubation to produce the acute ethanol intoxication (EOH group). GSH in the dose of 5mg per 100gm body weight for three days was intraperitoneally injected either alone (GSH group) or prior to the ethanol intoxication (GSH+EOH group) which was initiated immediately after the last injection of GSH. The rat was sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours in all the group by cutting the carotid arteries and the blood sample was obtained. The liver was immediately excised and placed into an ice-cold saline until ready for use. The protein of the liver was measured by the method of Lowry, et at, GSH level of the liver and blood by Ellman's method and GSSG by the electrolytic reduction method described by Dohan and Woodward. Hematocrit was determined by the conventional microhematocrit method using Adams microhematocrit centrifuge and reader, and the blood ethanol concentration was measured by the method of William, et al. The results obtained were compared with the normal and summarized as follows. The blood ethanol concentration in both EOH and GSH+EOH groups reached the highest level of 712.0±10.9mg% and 668.0±16.Omg%, respectively, at one hr and gradually declined until 24 hrs after the ethanol ingestion, but all the experimental hour showed a significant increase from the normal value of 145.0±12.Omg%. Between GSH+EOH group and EOH group, the former showed a slightly lowered value than the latter, though the difference was not significant. The highest Hct values were obtained at 6th hr and significantly elevated values continued throughtout the experiment in both EOH and GSH+EOH group, but GSH+EOH group showed a lower level of Hct comparing with EOH group. The blood GSH level in GSH group showed elevated value in the first part of the experiment followed by a gradual decline to the normal value of 6.85±0.40μmo1/㎖ at 24 hrs. EOH group, however, showed significantly lower value throughout the experiment with a recovery to the normal virtue at 24th hr. In GSH+EOH group, all the value was higher than in EOH group. The blood GSSG level in GSH group showed higher values at 1-3 hrs with a tendency of recovering to the normal value of 11.90±1.04μmo1/㎖ at 24th hr. Both EOH and GSH+EOH groups showed elevated values throughout the experiment, but GSH+EOH group showed a tendency of higher value than EOH group. The liver protein levels in both EOH and GSH+EOH groups showed significantly elevated values throughout the experiment with a tendency of higher value in GSH+EOH group comparing with EOH group. The liver GSH level in EOH group was significantly decreased comparing with the normal value of 9.2±0.72μmo1/㎖ with the lowest value at 6th hr. In GSH+EOH group, the liver GSH level was generally higher than in EOH group. The liver GSSG level in EOH group showed the highest value at 6 and 12 hrs while GSH+EOH group showed the highest value at 1 and 3 hrs with a tendency of recovering to the normal value of 5.21±0.48μmol/㎖ at 24 hrs. From the above, it may be concluded that the administration of GSH is effective to a certain degree in acute ethanol intoxication.

母子간에 생긴 Folie a Deux 一例의 力動的 考察

조호철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1975 신경정신의학 Vol.14 No.4

The author analized some dynamic processes of forming "Folie a Deux" in a case of schizophrenic mother and son. Contrary to the previous report in which cases are usually found in a socially isolated living environment, the presenting case came from a socially active large family in a big city. Again despite of the advise to separate the pair for treatment, this case was hospitalized at the same time ward and yet the favorable result had been obtained. The summary of this case study is presented along with discussion in the following sequence; Family background of mother, Marital dynamic of family in discussion along with process of transmission of delusion from mother to son and some comments on therapeutic approach. 1) Several members had been found to be psychotic, mostly affective in nature, in the maternal family tree and the early family environment was also such that affectively cold, distant and paranoidal potential in the mother would be easily understood. 2) Marital dynamic of this family was considered to be a typical one of schism in which the presenting pair was totally isolated from the rest of family, and this had become a contributing factor in forming a folie a deux along with son's weak ego boundary. 3) With an active therapeutic intervention, it was thought to be rather beneficial to treat two patients on the same ward.

中高三年生들의 精神健康

曺晧哲 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.1

中高三年生들이 入試에 대한 스트레스를 어느 정도받고 있으며 어떠한 精神健康狀態에 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 1979年 10月 어느날 大邱市內 ○○高等學校에서 高三 123名을 對象群으로 하고 高一 122名을 對照群으로 임의 선택하였고, 또한 大邱市內 ○○中學校에서 中三 154名을 對象群으로 中一 133名을 對照群으로 하여 SCL-90을 利用하여 調査하여 본 結果 다음과 같은 成績을 얻었다. 1. 高三에서는 男女 모두 高一보다 情神科的 症狀 特히 不安, 强迫症 등의 症狀이 有意하게 높게 나타났다. 2. 中三에서는 女子의 경우 中一보다 身體化, 不安등 精神科的 症狀이 有意하게 높게 나타났으나 男子에서는 오히려 中三보다 中一이 더 많은 精神科的 症狀들을 나타내었다. 3. 男子와 女子를 比較하여 보면 高等學生에서는 별 差異가 나타나지 않았고 中學生에서는 男中一과 女中三이 같은 연령의 異性보다 더 많은 症狀을 나타내었다. In order to examine mental status of 3rd grade students of high and middle school under stress of enterance examination, author compaired 123 students of 12th grade and 154 students of 9th grade to 122 students of 10th grade and 133 students of 7th grade as control groups by SCL-90 in Oct. 1979. Results were summarized as followings: The scores of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive of 12th grade students were significantly higher than 10th grade students in both male and female. In middle school female, 3rd grade students have significantly higher scores of somatization and anxiety than 1st grade students. In middle school male, 3rd grade students have less psychiatric symptoms than 1st grade students.

韓國人의 飮酒樣態에 關한 硏究

曺晧哲,金政煇,李時炯 大韓神經精神醫學會 1975 신경정신의학 Vol.14 No.1

Alcohol has long been used by humankind for the various reasons, eg, emotional, ceremonial, and even as a tranquilizer etc. Thus drinking pattern of a certain group is well reflected on its cultural climate. It is very this reason that, in the field of social science, one avenue to understand the pattern of culture is via analyzing that of drinking. Unfortunately, however, not many studies have been done about so called "social drinker" camparing to the numerous studies done about "alcoholism". The authors attempted to study a general pattern of drinking among Korean male adult. Two thousands copies of questionnaire which consists of 35 items, were distributed to the college students and parents of school children randomly as follows: 1) To compare the geographical differences; city of Taegu and town of Sang-Joo were selected for study. 2) To compare the generational defferences; Fresh-man and sophomore classes at Kyungpook National University were selected. Some of the meaningful findings are as follows; 1) Two thirds of Korean male adult drink alcohol occasionally, to be defined as so called "social drinker", and a third might be called "regular drinker". 2) Majority drink alcohol for the purpose of more smooth interpersonal relation, rather than escape from reality. 3) Traditionally as it has been, still majority of Korean male are quite against female drinking. 4) Majority drink low concentrated alcohol in larger amount. 5) Majority drink outside of home which is quite different from our tradition, thus its considered modernization slowly has begun to effect drinking pattern also. 6) Student group drinks for the emotional reason and they are more permissive toward the female drinking.

안경테의 종류 및 굴절력에 따른 안경렌즈의 왜곡 비교

조호철,이현주 대한시과학회 2018 대한시과학회지 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.10

여가 동기와 제약요인이 노인 여가 만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

조호철(Hocheol Cho),김영표(Youngpyo Kim) 한국자료분석학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.25 No.3

본 연구에서는 노인의 주요 여가 동기, 여가제약, 여가 만족 요인을 도출하는 것과 여가 동기와 여가제약이 여가 만족에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 원주 노인복지시설을 이용하는 노인으로 2022년 4월 1일에서 5월 30일 사이에 현장 설문 조사로 진행하였다. 총 320매를 배포하여, 이 중 299부를 유효표본으로 자료 분석에 활용하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여가 동기 요인분석 결과 3개 요인(외재적 동기 요인, 무동기 요인, 내재적 동기 요인)이 추출되었으며, 여가제약 요인분석 결과에서는 3개 요인(구조적 제약, 내재적 제약, 대인적 제약)이 추출되었고, 여가 만족 요인분석 결과 3개 요인(가족관계 만족, 환경 만족, 생활 만족)이 추출되었다. 둘째, 대인적 제약요인 즉, 여가 활동을 함께할 가족이나 동료가 없거나 참여하고 싶지만 도와줄 사람이 없을 때, 현재 사는 곳에 대해 만족하지 않고 또한 살아 가는 공간에도 만족하지 않는다는 의견을 밝혔다. 또한, 여가 활동을 별다른 이유 없이, 마땅히 할 일이 없어서, 다른 잡념을 없애기 위해 참여할 때 가족과 가깝다고 느끼고 가족과 친척들과의 관계가 좋아지며 사는 곳에서 사용하는 공간과 사는 곳에 만족한다는 응답을 나타냈다. 결론에서는 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 한 실무적 시사점을 제안하였다. This study sought to derive major leisure motivation, leisure constraints, and leisure satisfaction factors of the elderly, and to find out how leisure motivation and leisure constraints affect leisure satisfaction. The subjects of the study were the elderly using Wonju Senior Welfare Facility, which was conducted as an on-site survey between April 1 and May 30, 2022. A total of 320 copies were distributed, of which 299 were used for data analysis as effective samples. The analysis results are summarized as follows. First, three factors (external motivation factors, no motivation factors, and internal motivation factors) were extracted as leisure motivation, and three factors (structure, intra-personal, inter-personal were extracted for leisure constraints and three factors (family relation satisfaction, environmental satisfaction, and life satisfaction) were drew for leisure motivation factors. Second, the respondents expressed their opinion that they are not satisfied with where they lives and are not satisfied with the space they live in when they have no family or colleagues to share leisure activities or when they want to participate but have no one to help them. In addition, when participating in leisure activities for no particular reason, there was nothing to do, so when participating to eliminate other miscellaneous thoughts, they felt close to their families and relationships with their relatives improved, and they were satisfied with the space and place they lived. In conclusion, practical implications based on the results of this study were proposed

所謂"按手祈禱" 를 받은 患者에 關한 精神醫學的 硏究

曺皓哲,李時炯,朴宗漢 大韓神經精神醫學會 1973 신경정신의학 Vol.12 No.4

Sociopsychiatirc study on 50 cases of called "Faith healing" was conducted at the emergency room of Kyung Pook Univ. Hospital, Tong San Presbyterian Hosp. and Red Cross Hosp. These cases with long standing chronic illness, who belive in faith healing, were worshoping at "D" Church in the city of Taegu, however, accidental gas explosion had resulted in mass casualty, thus they were evacuated to emergency room of the modern hospital with extensive burn. Authors studied on their individual and social aspect of illness, fuction and complication of faith healing. Results; 1) Female patients outnumber the male 2) These patients were surprisingly calm at emergency room, 3) Poor economic status and illiteracy were the main reason for them to turn against modern treatment, 4) Psychiatrically speaking, some useful functions in faith healing were indicated.

附子 및 硫璜의 複合製劑가 宿醉에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

曺皓哲,朴宗漢,李時炯 최신의학사 1974 最新醫學 Vol.17 No.8

Aconite has long been used in the herb-medicine, though its biogenic mechanism is still remained obscure. "Gollin" is composed with the extract of aconiti tuber, chemically processed sulfur, mica and silicate. We evaluated the clinical effectiveness of Gollin on the hangover after heavy drinking. Sixty of normal, healthy, male volunteers, who were considered as a "Social drinker", aged between 22 to 48, were selected for this experiment. After the light evening meal on the weekend, they were instructed to fill out "Hangover Scale", then group was divided into two: Gollin and Placebo, and given the various kind of alcohol beverage in sufficient amount to get drunk. In the following morning, they were again told to fill out the same Hangover Scale about thier present condition on hangover. In comparing the results in two groups: 1) Gollin was found to be highly effective in reducing hangover syndrome, esp. of CNS and GIT. 2) Gollin aggrevated the certain symptomes like diarrhea and feeling of floating sense, however. 3) The effectoveness of Gollin on hangover might be explained either with its enhancing capacity of blood ethanol clearence or tranquilizing effect on CNS, or both.

母子간에 생긴 Folie a Deux ᅳ例의 力動的 考察

조호철 대한신경정신의학회 1975 신경정신의학 Vol.14 No.4

The author analysed some dynamic processes of forming “Folie a Deux in a case of schizophrenic mother and son. Contrary to the previous report in which cases are usually found m a socially isolated living environment, the presenting case came from a socially active large family in a big city. Again despite of the advise to sepatrate the pair for treatment, this case was hospitalized at the same ward and yet the favorable result had bsen obtained. The summary of this case study is presented along with discussion in the following sequence ; Family background of mother, Marital dynamic of family in discussion along with process of transmission of delusion from mother to son and some comments on therapeutic approach. 1) Several members had been found to be psychotic, mostly affective in nature, in the maternal family tree and the early family environment was also such that affectively cold, distant and paranoidal potential in the mother would be easily understood. 2) Marital dynamic of this family was considered to be a typical one of schism in which the presenting pair was totally isolated from the rest of family, and this had become a contributing factor m forming a folie a deux along with son s weak ego boundary. 3) With an aditve therapeutic intervention, it Was thought to be rather beneficial to treat two patients on the same ward.