이시카와 다쿠보쿠(石川啄木)의 시 「끝없는 토론 뒤(はてしなき議論の後)」의 한ㆍ중 수용양상 비교 : 김기진과 주작인(周作人)의 경우를 중심으로

육령 ( Ling¸ Lu ) 국제비교한국학회 2020 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies Vol.28 No.3

이 논문은 이시카와 다쿠보쿠의 시 「끝없는 토론 뒤」(1911)의 한ㆍ중 수용양상을 고찰하는 데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 주로 한국의 김기진의 시작품 「백수의 탄식」 (1924.6), 그리고 중국의 주작인(周作人)의 시 번역 「無結果的議論之後」(1921)를 연구대상으로 삼았다. 원시의 창작배경과 의미를 분석한 다음에, 각자의 수용배경과 수용목적, 그리고 수용방법 및 영향에 대해 검토해 보았다. 그리고 다쿠보쿠 시 속의 “브나로드”에 대한 그들의 이해를 하나의 번역사건으로 인식하여 그 자체의 독자적인 의미를 고찰했다. ‘브나로드’ 운동은 국제사회에 잘 알려진 러시아의 사회운동이지만, 크로포트킨의 자서전을 통해 전파되어 전 세계의 지식인의 지적 생산물에서 끊임없이 그 영향력을 발휘했다. 이시카와 다쿠보쿠는 대역사건(大逆事件)으로 인해 죽은 일본 무정부주의자들에 대한 안타까움을 품으면서 브나로드운동을 당대의 지식인들에 대한 권고로 제시한다. 이에 창작된 것이 그의 「끝없는 토론 뒤」란 시이다. 다쿠보쿠의 이 시를 읽은 김기진은 「백수의 탄식」이란 시를 창작했다. 일본에 의해 피식민화된 조선의 현실, 특히 관동대지진 때 일어난 조선인 학살사건을 통해 느꼈던 조선 사람으로서의 무기력함에서 출발하여, 자신의 ‘생활의 예술’이라는 이념과 결합하여 프로문학자의 길을 간다는 의지도 굳히게 되었다. 그 뒤에 그는 조선의 농촌계몽운동을 적극적으로 주창했다. 주작인의 경우, 1907년부터 이미 ‘브나로드’운동과 무정부주의에 대한 글을 발표했고 노신(魯迅)과 함께 러시아문학작품을 읽고 또한 번역해서 중국에 소개했다. 그는 일본 유학 시절에 일본의 대역사건을 비롯한 사회상황과 일본문단의 변화를 유심히 지켜봤다. 그리고 다쿠보쿠의 사상과 문학적 가치에 대해서도 전반적인 지식을 가지고 있었다. 오사운동과 신문화운동이 전개됨에 따라 당시 중국의 시대적 분위기는 더욱 급진적인 방향으로 변화해 갔다. 그러나 아직 많은 청년들이 입으로만 주의를 떠들고 있고 행동으로 옮기지 못한다. 이러한 현실을 지적하면서 주작인은 1920년에 다쿠보쿠의 「끝없는 토론 뒤」를 번역했다. 이는 또한 그의 ‘브나로드’와 ‘신촌운동’에 대한 관심과 관련이 있다. ‘브나로드’에 대한 이해에 있어서, 김기진은 이를 민중에게로 간다는 것으로 이해하는데, 민속학과 문화인류학의 영향을 받은 주작인은 그것을 민간으로 간다는 것으로 이해한다. 그러면서도 그들은 20세기 초의 문학청년으로서 러시아문학에 대한 애독, 생활과 예술(문학)의 밀접한 관계를 강조하는 경향, 그리고 문학으로 사회의 개혁에 참여하려는 의지 등 많은 면에서 유사성을 지니고 있다. 이 차이점과 유사성에 대한 규명을 통해 20세기 전반기 한ㆍ중 양국의 신문학의 발전양상을 이해하는 데 도움이 되고자 한다. This paper focuses on examining the aspects of the acceptance of Takuboku’s “After an Endless Discussion” in East Asian. Especially Kim Ki-jin’s “Sigh of the White-hands” in Korea and the translation of this poem by the Chinese main author Zhou Zuoren. After analyzing the background and meaning of this poem, I reviewed the background and different purposes, and the methods and effects of acceptance. As a translation case, their various understanding of “Vnarod” in the poem is considered to have its own independent value. The “Vnarod” movement is a historic event known to the international society as Russia’s social movement, but it has been propagated through Kroportkin’s autobiography and continues to play its role in intellectual products around the world. In the case of Takuboku Ishikawa, it serves as a recommendation to intellectuals of the time, with the sorrow for the Japanese anarchists who was killed by the Japanese government Takuboku created this poem, “After an Endless Discussion”. However, Kim Ki-jin, who read Takuboku’s poem, created a poem called “Sigh of the White-hands.” Starting from the reality of Joseon, which was eroded by Japan, especially the Korean people’s helplessness felt through the massacre of Koreans during the Great East Japan Earthquake. Later, it actively promoted the rural enlightenment movement of Joseon. In the case of the Zhou Zuoren, he has already published articles on the “Vnarod” movement and anarchism since 1907, and he has been eagerly watching the social situation, including Japan’s incidents, and changes in the Japanese literary world. And he had full knowledge of Takuboku’s ideas and literary values. With the development of the student movement and the New Cultural Movement, the atmosphere of the times in China at that time bacame amore intense. Yet many young people are still only talking and not getting into action. Pointing to this reality, the author translated Takuboku’s “After the Endless Discussion” in 1920. It also has to do with his interest in ‘Vnarod’ and ‘Sinchon Movement.’ In terms of understanding ‘Vnarod’, Kim Ki-jin understands that it is going to the people, but Zhou was influenced by folklore and cultural anthropology. At the same time, they have many similarities in their fondness for Russian literature, their tendency to emphasize the close relationship between life and art (literature), and their willingness to participate in the reform of society through literature.

Assay of bioactive compounds of Hericium erinaceus and it`s Phylogeny based on ribosomal ITS sequences

(Ling Lu),(Ji Li Li),(Kun Chen) 한국균학회 2001 Proceedings of the Fifth Korea-China Joint Symposi Vol.- No.-

Molecular Coupling of a Ca ²⁺ -Activated K ⁺ Channel to L-Type Ca ²⁺ Channels via α-Actinin2

Lu, Ling,Zhang, Qian,Timofeyev, Valeriy,Zhang, Zhao,Young, J. Nilas,Shin, Hee-Sup,Knowlton, Anne A.,Chiamvimonvat, Nipavan Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2007 Circulation research Vol.100 No.1

<P>Cytoskeletal proteins are known to sculpt the structural architecture of cells. However, their role as bridges linking the functional crosstalk of different ion channels is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (SK2 channel), present in a variety of cells, where they integrate changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)(i)] with changes in K(+) conductance and membrane potential, associate with L-type Ca(2+) channels; Ca(v)1.3 and Ca(v)1.2 through a physical bridge, alpha-actinin2 in cardiac myocytes. SK2 channels do not physically interact with L-type Ca(2+) channels, instead, the 2 channels colocalize via their interaction with alpha-actinin2 cytoskeletal protein. The association of SK2 channel with alpha-actinin2 localizes the channel to the entry of external Ca(2+) source, which regulate the channel function. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the functions of SK2 channels in atrial myocytes are critically dependent on the normal expression of Ca(v)1.3 Ca(2+) channels. Null deletion of Ca(v)1.3 channel results in abnormal function of SK2 channel and prolongation of repolarization and atrial arrhythmias. Our study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of the coupling of SK2 channel with voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel, and represents the first report linking the coupling of 2 different types of ion channels via cytoskeletal proteins.</P>

1920년대 주작인의 조선인식 연구 -김홍선과의 교우 및 전기적 자료를 중심으로-

육령 ( Lu Ling ) 국제어문학회 2021 국제어문 Vol.- No.90

중국 근대의 저명한 문학인이자 신문학운동을 촉진하는 데 큰 기여를 했던 중국 근대 지식인 주작인(周作人, 1885-1967)은 북경대학의 일본문학과(후에 동방문학과)의 창립을 주도한 인물이다. 이에 따라 그간 학계에서는 주작인의 일본인식과 관련된 연구가 많이 이루어졌다. 그러나 1920년대에 주작인은 조선에 대해서도 많은 관심을 가졌음은 흔히 간과되어 왔다. 1910년대부터 톨스토이의 인도주의와 러시아의 무정부주의사상의 영향을 많이 받았던 그는 인간을 하나의 운명공동체로 인식하며 “중외(中外)”를 구분하지 않고 즉 민족과 국가의 한계를 넘어가고자 했다. 물론 주작인의 조선인식은 그의 일본인식과 밀접한 관계를 갖고 있다. 당대의 일본은 이미 노쇠화된 중국이나 1910년 한일합방으로 인해 식민지로 전락된 조선을 모두 타자화하고 있었다. 일본이라는 근대지식장에서 대학 교육을 받았던 주작인은 일본을 연구하는 과정에서 조선, 즉 또 다른 타자를 만나게 되었다. 1919년, 주작인은 자신의 일본 기행문에서 일본의 신촌 지역 방문 도중 열차 삼등실에서 만났던 조선농부에 관한 이야기를 남기고 있으며 1920년에는 조선어 교재를 이용해서 조선어를 배우기도 하였다. 그는 일본에서 유통되고 있는 조선과 관련된 서적을 읽는가 하면, 세계어를 매개로 조선의 시인― 오상순과 무정부주의자와 직접적인 만남을 이루기도 하였다. 또한 독립운동에 열중했던 북경 평민대학의 조선인 유학생 김홍선(金弘善)과 교류가 있었으며, “취생(翠生)”이라는 필명으로 중국어 소설을 창작한 이 조선청년을 중국문단에 소개시켰다. 1926년에 자신의 조선인식을 집중적으로 드러낸 「이완용과 박열」이라는 글을 남기기도 했으며 1929년에는 북경대학 강사였던 조선 불교 연구가 김구경과도 왕래했다. 이에 본고는 주작인의 조선과의 만남의 계기와 경로가 시간의 추이에 따라 어떻게 달라지고 있으며, 또 그것이 그의 조선인식에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 이렇게 함으로써 주작인의 근대인식 및 동아시아 시야의 형성에 있어서 조선이라는 타자가 기여했던 역할과 의미를 밝히고자 한다. 즉 본 연구에서는 주작인과 조선유학생 김홍선과의 지적 교류와 관련된 새로운 실증적 자료를 제시하는 한편, 주작인의 전기적 자료 속의 조선과 관련된 텍스트를 분석대상으로 삼아 그의 조선인식의 특수성을 살펴봤다. 이러한 작업은 근대 동아시아의 문화교류와 상호인식을 이해하는 데 도움이 될 것이라고 생각한다. Zhou Zuoren(1885-1967), the Chinese modern intellectual who contributed greatly to promoting China’s new literature movement, was also recognized as the founder of the Department of Japanese Literature (later Eastern Literature) at Peking University. Naturally, much of research on his recognition of Japan has been done. However, in the 1920s, the author showed much interest in Joseon. Having been heavily influenced by Tolstoy’s humanitarian, Russian anarchist and socialist ideas since the 1910s, he recognized humans as one fateful community and sought to overcome the limits of the nation and state without distinction. In 1919, he wrote an article about a Joseon farmer whom he met in a third-class carriage during a visit to the “Atarashiki Mura” area of Japan, and learned Korean from a Joseon language textbook in 1920. Even though he had never been to Joseon, but because of “Esperanto”, he later met with Joseon’s poet Oh Sang-soon and anarchist. He also met with Kim Hong-sun, a Korean student in Beijing who resists Japanese imperialism as an active subject, and he introduced an mysterical Joseon writer-“Cuisheng”, who created a Chinese novel for the Chinese literary community. In 1926, he wrote “Lee Wan-yong and Park Yeol”, which reflected his typical recognition of Joseon. In 1929, he also met with Kim Ku-kyung, who was also a lecturer at Peking University. This study mainly revealed new empirical data related to Zhou Zuoren’s intellectual exchange with the Joseon student, and examined the special nature of his Joseon recognition by analyzing texts related to Joseon in the author’s biographical materials. This work will further the understanding of cultural exchanges and perception of “the Other” in modern East Asia.

MUTUAL FUND ADVERTISING AND FUND CONSUMER REDEMPTION BEHAVIOR

Kuan-Ling Lai,Miao-Ling Chen,Chi-Lu Peng 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.5

This study employs a trading dataset from a top investment bank in Taiwan to examine whether and how mutual fund advertising influences fund consumers’ redemption behavior, and whether the effect of advertising differs between small- and large-amount fund consumers. The evidence of this study shows that, on average, fund consumers redeem more non-advertised funds as their returns increase, while fund advertising slows their redemptions. The results from quantile regression show that fund advertising plays an important role in affecting redemption-performance sensitivity of large-amount and medium-amount investors. After taking advertising into account, large-amount and medium-amount investors reduce their fund redemptions. The results suggest that advertising, as a transmission of information, varies with investors’ wealth levels and that these differences in advertising matter to investors’ redemptions. This study contributes to understanding the role of advertising in fund consumers’ realized behavior and is useful for fund companies because they can more efficiently allocate limited resources such as advertising to support the growth of fund assets under management.

Two Transition Metal Complexes: Magnetic Properties and Treatment Effect via Focused High-Intensity Ultrasound on Alzheimer’s Disease

Chang-Lu Huo,Ting Yu,Cai-Ying Pei,Ling-Ling Liu,Ying-Rui Zhang,Ying-Li Zhang 한국고분자학회 2021 Macromolecular Research Vol.29 No.5

Two novel coordination polymers (where Cu for the complex 1 and the Co for the complex 2) with distinct transition metal ions containing 4-(3,5-dicarboxylphenyl)-2- methylpyridine (H2L), the pyridyl-dicarboxylic acid ligand, have been produced under the solvothermal reaction conditions, and the two compounds’ performances and architectures were also characterized. The chemical formulae determined of two complexes are respectively [Cu(L)(H2O)]·H2O (1) and [Co3(L)2Cl2(H2O)2]·2H2O (2). Complex 1 exhibits a 2D network with a (3,6)-connected kgd topology based on the dinuclear [Cu2O2] units. In complex 2, the linear trinuclear [Co3(μ-Ocarboxylate)2(COO)2Cl2] units with mixed carboxylate and μ-Cl triple bridges are cross-linked by the L ligands into a 3D framework with a (3,6)-connected rtl topology. The complexes’ magnetic performances reflected that between consecutive metal ions, there exists the antiferromagnetic coupling. Their treatment activities on Alzheimer's disease (AD) via focused high-intensity ultrasound were evaluated. Firstly, the Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining was implemented for the assessment of the apoptotic neurons percentage after compounds treatment. Next, the Aβ accumulation in the neurons was also detected via employing the western blotting assay.

MUTUAL FUND ADVERTISING AND FUND CONSUMER REDEMPTION BEHAVIOR

Kuan-Ling Lai,Miao-Ling Chen,Chi-Lu Peng 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

This study employs a trading dataset from a top investment bank in Taiwan to examine whether and how mutual fund advertising influences fund consumers’ redemption behavior, and whether the effect of advertising differs between small- and large-amount fund consumers. The evidence of this study shows that, on average, fund consumers redeem more non-advertised funds as their returns increase, while fund advertising slows their redemptions. The results from quantile regression show that fund advertising plays an important role in affecting redemption-performance sensitivity of large-amount and medium-amount investors. After taking advertising into account, large-amount and medium-amount investors reduce their fund redemptions. The results suggest that advertising, as a transmission of information, varies with investors’ wealth levels and that these differences in advertising matter to investors’ redemptions. This study contributes to understanding the role of advertising in fund consumers’ realized behavior and is useful for fund companies because they can more efficiently allocate limited resources such as advertising to support the growth of fund assets under management.

Unified Description of Event-by-event Fluctuations in Some Global Observables in Nucleus-nucleus Collisions at High Energies

Qi-Wen Lu,Ling-Ling Liu,Fu-Hu Liu,N. N. Abd Allah 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.4

Event-by-event fluctuations in the multiplicity, the total transverse energy, the mean transverse energy, and the mean transverse momentum in nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energies are uniformly described by using a multi-component Erlang distribution obtained in the framework of a multisource thermal model. The calculated results are compared and found to be in agreement with the experimental data of the WA98, NA49, and PHENIX Collaborations.

Impact of a Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Line on the Rhizobacteria, Revealed by Illumina MiSeq

( Gui-hua Lu ),( Yin-ling Zhu ),( Ling-ru Kong ),( Jing Cheng ),( Cheng-yi Tang ),( Xiao-mei Hua ),( Fan-fan Meng ),( Yan-jun Pang ),( Rong-wu Yang ),( Jin-liang Qi ),( Yong-hua Yang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.3

The global commercial cultivation of transgenic crops, including glyphosate-tolerant soybean, has increased widely in recent decades with potential impact on the environment. The bulk of previous studies showed different results on the effects of the release of transgenic plants on the soil microbial community, especially rhizosphere bacteria. In this study, comparative analyses of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soils and surrounding soils were performed between the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line NZL06-698 (or simply N698), containing a glyphosate-insensitive EPSPS gene, and its control cultivar Mengdou12 (or simply MD12), by a 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) amplicon sequencing-based Illumina MiSeq platform. No statistically significant difference was found in the overall alpha diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities, although the species richness and evenness of the bacteria increased in the rhizosphere of N698 compared with that of MD12. Some influence on phylogenetic diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities was found between N698 and MD12 by beta diversity analysis based on weighted UniFrac distance. Furthermore, the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacterial phyla and genera, which included some nitrogen-fixing bacteria, were significantly different between N698 and MD12. Our present results indicate some impact of the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line N698 on the phylogenetic diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities together with a significant difference in the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacteria at different classification levels as compared with its control cultivar MD12, when a comparative analysis of surrounding soils between N698 and MD12 was used as a systematic contrast study.

Acute kidney injury in hospitalized adults with chronic kidney disease: comparing cROCK, KDIGO, and combined criteria

Ling Sun,Xue Hua Rui,Yu Wu,Lu Xi Zou 대한신장학회 2023 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.42 No.5

Background: Acute-on-chronic kidney disease (ACKD) increases the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a novel criteria of reference change value of the serum creatinine optimized criteria for acute kidney injury in CKD (cROCK) to detect ACKD patients. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study with a 3-year follow-up. All included patients with CKD stage 3 were evaluated using cROCK, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), and their combined criteria. The renal composite endpoints, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and all-cause mortality were recorded as clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 812 patients was enrolled. The cROCK criteria detected more ACKD events than did the KDIGO (68.0% vs. 59.5%, p < 0.001). Compared to KDIGO (−) & cROCK (−) group, ACKD patients diagnosed by cROCK had significantly higher hazard ratio [HR] for renal composite endpoints (HR, 3.591; p < 0.001), MACEs (HR, 1.748; p < 0.001), and all-cause mortality (HR, 2.985; p < 0.001). The patients in KDIGO (+) & cROCK (+) group had the lowest survival probability when considering renal composite endpoints, MACEs, and all-cause mortality (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, cROCK resulted in the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting renal composite endpoints, and the combined criteria led to the largest AUC for predicting MACEs and allcause mortality. Conclusion: Compared to the KDIGO, the cROCK detected more ACKD events. Combining both cROCK and KDIGO criteria might improve the predictive ability for long-term outcomes in ACKD patients.