유동상 생물반응기에 의한 난분해성물질이 포함된 염색-제지 혼합폐수처리

김홍록,장일헌,서유덕,박영규 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1993 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.1

환경관리공단 대구사업소 폐수종말처리장으로 유입되는 염색-제지 혼합폐수를 대상으로 유동상 생물반응기로 담체충진율을 10%와 20%로 변화시키면서 처리한 결과, 담체충진율을 10%로 하여 BOD용적부하 1.52∼6.4㎏ BOD/㎥·day, COD용적부하 1.40∼4.81kg ??/㎥·day로 처리할 때 유출수의 평균 BOD는 216㎎/ℓ, 평균 ?? 농도는 241㎎/ℓ이었으며, BOD 및 ??의 평균제거율은 각각 73%, 65% 이었다. 담체를 20% 충진하여 BOD용적부하 1.8∼5.81㎏ BOD/㎥·day, COD용적부하 1.5∼4.85㎏ ??/㎥·day로 처리할 때 유출수의 평균BOD는 188㎎/ℓ, 평균 ?? 농도는 223㎎/ℓ이었으며, BOD 및 ??의 평균제거율은 각각 79%, 69%로 담체중진율 20%가 다소 높게 나타났다. 담체를 10% 충진한 경우 Y, ??는 각각 0.28(㎏ MLVSS/㎏ BOD)와 0.05(??)이었으며, 담체를 20% 충진한 경우의 Y, ?? 값은 0.30(㎏ MLVSS/㎏ BOD) 와 0.08(??)이었다. This study was performed to investigate the biological treatability and to determine the biokinetic coefficient by Fluidized Bio-reactor using 10% media and 20% media for dyeing and paper manufacture mixing wastewater of Taegu Namchun Sewage Treatment Plants. The dyeing and paper manufacture mixing wastewater contained BOD 601∼1.194mg/l and ??424∼812mg/ℓ was treated by Fluidized Bio-reactor. The conclusions are as follow : The 73% of BOD and 65% ?? were removed by Fluidized Bio-reactor using 10% media with the loading range of 0.5∼1.52kg BOD/kg MLVSS·day and 0.53∼1.24kg ??/kg MLVSS·day. The 79% of BOD and 69% ?? were removed by Fluidized Bio-reactor using 20% media with the loading range of 0.32∼0.8㎏ BOD/㎏MLVSS·day and 0.28∼0.66㎏ ??/㎏ MLVSS·day. The biomass yield coefficient(Y) and microbial decay coefficient(??) were shown as 0.28kg MLVSS/kg BOD and 0.05 ?? in using 10% media, and 0.30kg MLVSS/kg BOD and 0.08 ?? in using 20% media, respectively.

Beginner Surgeon's Initial Experience with Distal Subtotal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer Using a Minimally Invasive Approach

You, Yung Hun,Kim, Yoo Min,Ahn, Dae Ho The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2015 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.15 No.4

Purpose: Minimally invasive gastrectomy (MIG), including laparoscopic distal subtotal gastrectomy (LDG) and robotic distal subtotal gastrectomy (RDG), is performed for gastric cancer, and requires a learning period. However, there are few reports regarding MIG by a beginner surgeon trained in MIG for gastric cancer during surgical residency and fellowship. The aim of this study was to report our initial experience with MIG, LDG, and RDG by a trained beginner surgeon. Materials and Methods: Between January 2014 and February 2015, a total of 36 patients (20 LDGs and 16 RDGs) underwent MIG by a beginner surgeon during the learning period, and 13 underwent open distal subtotal gastrectomy (ODG) by an experienced surgeon in Bundang CHA Medical Center. Demographic characteristics, operative findings, and short-term outcomes were evaluated for the groups. Results: MIG was safely performed without open conversion in all patients and there was no mortality in either group. There was no significant difference between the groups in demographic factors except for body mass index. There were significant differences in extent of lymph node dissection (LND) (D2 LND: ODG 8.3% vs. MIG 55.6%, P=0.004) and mean operative time (ODG 178.8 minutes vs. MIG 254.7 minutes, P<0.001). The serial changes in postoperative hemoglobin level (P=0.464) and white blood cell count (P=0.644) did not show significant differences between the groups. There were no significant differences in morbidity. Conclusions: This study showed that the operative and short-term outcomes of MIG for gastric cancer by a trained beginner surgeon were comparable with those of ODG performed by an experienced surgeon.

Purification and Biochemical Characteristics of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Streptomyces corcohrussi JK-20

You Jung Kim(김유정),Jeong Uck Park(박정욱),Min Jeong Seo(서민정),Min Jeong Kim(김민정),Hye Hyeon Lee(이혜현),Se Hun Jin(진세훈),Byoung Won Kang(강병원),Yung Hyun Choi(최영현),Yong Kee Jeong(정영기) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.6

토양에서 생육하는 Streptomyces corcohrussi의 혈전용해효소가 DEAE-Sephadex A-50 그리고 Sephadex G-50 젤 여과를 이용한 크로마토그라피 방법에 의해 순수분리 되었다. SDS-PAGE 분석결과, 분리된 효소는 단일 단백질이고, 그 분자량은 약 34 kDa 이라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 순수분리된 효소의 혈전용해활성은 plasminogen-rich fibrin plate 에서 0.8 U/ml 이었으나, plasminogen-free fibrin plate 에서의 그 효소활성은 0.36 U/ml 이하이었다. 이러한 결과로, 순수 분리된 효소가 plasminogen activator 로 작용한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 단백질 저해제인 ε-ACA, t-AMCHA 와 mercuric chloride 의 존재시에 그 혈전용해활성은 24% 이하이었는데, 이러한 결과는 이들 plasmin 저해제 그리고(혹은) fibrinogen을 fibrin으로 전환시키는 과정과 관련된 fibrinogen 저해제에 의해 이 효소가 조절될 수 있음을 나타낼 수 있다. 한편으로, 중금속 이온인 Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>은 그 활성을 58% 감소시켰다. 순수 분리된 효소의 최적 온도는 약 50℃ 이었고, 그 효소활성의 92% 이상은 pH 5.0과 8.0 사이에서 유지되었다. 그러므로, 이러한 결과들은 하나의 강력한 혈전용해효소를 제공해서, S. corcohrussi 유래 새로운 혈전용해제의 개발에 기여하도록 한다. A fibrinolytic enzyme of Streptomyces corcohrussi from soil sediment was purified by chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-50. The analysis of SDS-polyacrylamide gel suggested that the purified enzyme is a homogeneous protein and the molecular mass is approximately 34 kDa. The purified enzyme showed activity of 0.8 U/ml in a plasminogen-rich fibrin plate, while its activity in a plasminogen-free fibrin plate was only 0.36 U/ml. These results suggested that the purified enzyme acts as a plasminogen activator. The fibrinolytic activity of the enzyme under the supplementation of protease inhibitors, ε-ACA, t-AMCHA and mercuric chloride in the enzyme reaction was less than 24%, indicating that it could be modulated by the plasmin and/or fibrinogen inhibitors involved in the fibrinogen-to-fibrin converting process. As time passed, Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>, a heavy metal ion, inhibited the activity to 34.1%. The optimum temperature of the purified enzyme was approximately 50℃ and over 92% of the enzyme activity was maintained between pH 5.0 and 8.0. Therefore, our results provide a potential fibrinolytic enzyme as a noble thrombolytic agent from S. corcohrussi.

Enhanced Maturation and Function of Dendritic Cells Using Hydrogel Coated Plate and Antigen Electroporation

Son, Cheol-Hun,Bae, Jae-Ho,Shin, Dong Yeok,Lee, Hong-Rae,Choi, Yung Hyun,Yang, Kwangmo,Park, You-Soo Informa Healthcare 2013 Immunological investigations Vol.42 No.4

<P>Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that can be matured <I>in vitro</I> from immature dendritic cells (iDCs) in the presence of several biological agents such as cytokine cocktail, CD40L, TNF-a and antigen loading, which are necessary and achieved using various protocols, such as lipofection, passive pulse or electroporation. However, these DCs maturation protocols may cause with a significant loss of cells because of cellular attachment and spreading during culturing. Some biomaterials that influence adhesion and development of cells have been used in cell culture techniques, and it was thought that they might be applied on the culture of DCs. In this study, we used polyHEMA, which is a hydrogel coating biomaterial that prevents DCs from adherence, and investigated whether hydrogel coating affects the maturation of iDCs. The efficiency in the generation of mDCs was improved through hydrogel coating procedure and a dendritic cell maturation marker, CD83, was significantly increased in hydrogel-coated culture condition. The antigen-loaded mDCs from electroporation were further expressed the CD83. The mDCs generated in the hydrogel-coated culture condition showed more, longer and thicker dendrites, and produced more amounts of cytokines such as IL-12 and IFN-γ. Therefore, it was suggested that the hydrogel-coated culture condition could improve function of mDCs.<fn><P>Cheol-Hun Son and Jae-Ho Bae contributed equally to this work.</P></fn></P>

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations and Response to Chemotherapy in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Lee, Kyung-Hun,Han, Sae-Won,Hwang, Pil Gyu,Oh, Do-Youn,Kim, Dong-Wan,Chung, Doo Hyun,Im, Seock-Ah,Kim, Tae-You,Heo, Dae Seog,Bang, Yung-Jue Oxford University Press 2006 Japanese journal of clinical oncology Vol.36 No.6

<P><B>Background:</B> The association of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations with the response to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents in non-small-cell lung cancer patients has not been investigated. We retrospectively analyzed the associations between response to chemotherapy and molecular markers associated with gefitinib responsiveness including EGFR mutations.</P><P><B>Methods:</B> EGFR (exons 18, 19 and 21) and K-ras mutations (exon 2) were studied by direct sequencing and p-Erk and p-Akt expressions were studied by immunohistochemistry in archival paraffin embedded tissues. Response rate (RR) and time-to-progression (TTP) of prior chemotherapy by platinum, paclitaxel and gemcitabine were analyzed with respect to the presence of EGFR and K-ras mutations, and p-Erk and p-Akt expressions.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Of 90 patients investigated, 75 received platinums and 45 received paclitaxel as first-line chemotherapy agents. The RRS and TTPS of platinum- and paclitaxel-containing regimens were not affected by EGFR or K-ras mutations, nor by p-Erk or p-Akt expression. Fifty-seven patients received gemcitabine as first- or second-line chemotherapy. RR was not affected by EGFR or K-ras mutations or by p-Akt expression. However, all responders to gemcitabine exhibited (+) p-Erk expression [RR 30.6% for p-Erk (+) versus 0% for p-Erk (−), <I>P</I> = 0.01]. TTP was not affected by EGFR or K-ras mutations or by p-Erk or p-Akt expression.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> EGFR mutations did not affect response to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, namely platinums, paclitaxel and gemcitabine. Our results also suggest that it may be undesirable to use gemcitabine in patients with tumors not expressing p-Erk.</P>

Regional Distribution of Interstitial Cells of Cajal, (ICC) in Human Stomach

Yun, Hyo-Yung,Sung, Ro-Hyun,Kim, Young-Chul,Choi, Woong,Kim, Hun-Sik,Kim, Heon,Lee, Gwang-Ju,You, Ra-Young,Park, Seon-Mee,Yun, Sei-Jin,Kim, Mi-Jung,Kim, Won-Seop,Song, Young-Jin,Xu, Wen-Xie,Lee, Sang- The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.5

We elucidated the distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in human stomach, using cryosection and $c-Kit$ immunohistochemistry to identify $c-Kit$ positive ICC. Before $c-Kit$ staining, we routinely used hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to identify every structure of human stomach, from mucosa to longitudinal muscle. HE staining revealed that the fundus greater curvature (GC) had prominent oblique muscle layer, and $c-Kit$ immunostaining $c-Kit$ positive ICC cells were found to have typical morphology of dense fusiform cell body with multiple processes protruding from the central cell body. In particular, we could observe dense processes and ramifications of ICC in myenteric area and longitudinal muscle layer of corpus GC. Interestingly, $c-Kit$ positive ICC-like cells which had morphology very similar to ICC were found in gastric mucosa. We could not find any significant difference in the distribution of ICC between fundus and corpus, except for submucosa where the density of ICC was much higher in gastric fundus than corpus. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the density of ICC between each area of fundus and corpus, except for muscularis mucosa. Finally, we also found similar distribution of ICC in normal and cancerous tissue obtained from a patient who underwent pancreotomy and gastrectomy. In conclusion, ICC was found ubiquitously in human stomach and the density of ICC was significantly lower in the muscularis mucosa of both fundus/corpus and higher in the submucosa of gastric fundus than corpus.

An integrative approach for high-throughput screening and characterization of transcriptional regulators in Streptomyces coelicolor

Song, Eunjung,Yang, Yung-Hun,Lee, Bo-Rahm,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Ji-Nu,Park, Sung-Soo,Lee, Kwangwon,Kim, Woo-Seong,You, Sungyong,Hwang, Daehee,Kim, Byung-Gee De Gruyter 2010 Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol.82 No.1

<P>In an age of burgeoning information on genomes and proteomes, determining the specific functions of a gene of interest is still a challenging task, especially genes whose functions cannot be predicted from their sequence information alone. To solve this problem, we have developed an integrative approach for discovering novel transcriptional regulators (TRs) playing critical roles in antibiotic production and decoding their regulatory networks in<I>Streptomyces</I>species which contain many regulatory genes for synthesis of secondary metabolites and cell differentiation to spores. The DNA affinity capture assay (DACA) coupled with clustering of DNA chip data was used to find new TRs controlling antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters. Functions of these newly identified TRs were characterized using 96-well-based minimal media screening (antibiotic production mapping, APM), pH indicator method, comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-gel), reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using these techniques, we were able to reconstruct a regulatory network describing how these new TRs collectively regulate antibiotic production. This proposed approach providing additional key regulators and their interactions to an existing incomplete regulatory network can also be applied in studying regulators in other bacteria of interest.</P>

Clinical Significance of Intraoperative Bile Culture in Surgery Including Bile Duct Resection

( Youngju Ryu ),( Naru Kim ),( Yung Hun You ),( In Woong Han ),( Jin Seok Heo ),( Dong Wook Choi ),( Sang Hyun Shin ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: It is widely accepted that intraoperative bacterial infection may potentially result in a worse postoperative outcomes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the microbiology of intraoperative bile smear culture test and the correlation between the results of culture and postoperative outcomes in bile duct resection operation. Methods: The data was prospectively collected from 235 patients who underwent bile duct resection at Samsung Medical Center for one year from October 2018 to September 2019. The diseases included in the data are periampullary cancer, gallbladder cancer, hilar cholangiocarcionoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Intraoperative bile smear test was performed in operation, and the included operation was pancreaticoduodenectomy and liver resection surgery with bile duct resection. Specimens were obtained from culture swab of bile drained during bile duct resection. Results: Of the 235 patients, microorganism was isolated in 141 patients (60%). The predominant microorganisms grown from the intraoperative bile cultures were Enterococcus faecalis (38 cultures, 27.0%), Enterococcus faecium (32 cultures, 22.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae (28 cultures, 19.9%). In postoperative complication, the positive results of intraoperative bile cultures was related with Clavien-Dindo Classification≥Ⅲ (OR3.117, 95%CI:1.498-6.485, P=0.002). Also, it was a risk factors for occurrence of surgical site infection (OR3.266, 95%CI:1.237-8.621, P=0.013) and intra-abdominal abscess (OR1.145, 95%CI:1.057-1.240, P=0.003). In addition, the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula was increased in patients with microorganisms grown in bile (OR1.974, 95%CI:1.098-3.549, P=0.022). Conclusions: Smear positivity of intraoperative bile fluid is associated with occurrence of major complication. It was risk factor for surgical site infection and intra-abdominal abscess.

LED TV 이음원 규명에 의한 이음 저감

김지형(Ji-Hyoung Kim),양인형(In-yung Yang),이선훈(Sun-Hun Lee),윤정민(Jung-Min Yoon),이유엽(You-Yub Lee),오재응(Jae-Eung Oh) 한국소음진동공학회 2013 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

Transcriptome analysis of wild-type and afsS deletion mutant strains identifies synergistic transcriptional regulator of afsS for a high antibiotic-producing strain of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

Kim, Min Woo,Lee, Bo-Rahm,You, SungYong,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Ji-Nu,Song, Eunjung,Yang, Yung-Hun,Hwang, Daehee,Kim, Byung-Gee Springer-Verlag 2018 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.102 No.7

<P>Most secondary metabolism in Actinobacteria is controlled by multi-layered, gene-regulatory networks. These regulatory mechanisms are not easily identified due to their complexity. As a result, when a strong transcriptional regulator (TR) governs activation of biosynthetic pathways of target antibiotics such as actinorhodin (ACT), additional enhancement of the biosynthesis is difficult in combination with other TRs. To find out any 'synergistic transcriptional regulators (sTRs)' that show an additive effect on the major, often strong, transcriptional regulator (mTR), here, we performed a clustering analysis using the transcriptome datasets of an mTR deletion mutant and wild-type strain. In the case of ACT biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor, PhoU (SCO4228) and RsfA (SCO4677) were selected through the clustering analysis, using AfsS (SCO4425) as a model mTR, and experimentally validated their roles as sTRs. Furthermore, through analysis of synergistic effects, we were able to suggest a novel regulation mechanism and formulate a strategy to maximize the synergistic effect. In the case of the double TR mutant strain (Delta rsfA pIBR25::afsS), it was confirmed that the increase of cell mass was the major cause of the synergistic effect. Therefore, the strategy to increase the cell mass of double mutant was further attempted by optimizing the expression of efflux pump, which resulted in 2-fold increase in the cell mass and 24-fold increase in the production of ACT. This result is the highest ACT yield from S. coelicolor ever reported.</P>