http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL-1 receptor antagonist
Sugawara, Reiko,Lee, Eun-Jung,Jang, Min Seong,Jeun, Eun-Ji,Hong, Chun-Pyo,Kim, Jung-Hwan,Park, Areum,Yun, Chang Ho,Hong, Sung-Wook,Kim, You-Me,Seoh, Ju-Young,Jung, YunJae,Surh, Charles D.,Miyasaka, Ma The Rockefeller University Press 2016 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.213 No.4
<▼1><P>Jang et al. show that eosinophils in the small intestine can suppress Th17 cell differentiation through the secretion of the IL-1 receptor antagonist.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Eosinophils play proinflammatory roles in helminth infections and allergic diseases. Under steady-state conditions, eosinophils are abundantly found in the small intestinal lamina propria, but their physiological function is largely unexplored. In this study, we found that small intestinal eosinophils down-regulate Th17 cells. Th17 cells in the small intestine were markedly increased in the ΔdblGATA-1 mice lacking eosinophils, and an inverse correlation was observed between the number of eosinophils and that of Th17 cells in the small intestine of wild-type mice. In addition, small intestinal eosinophils suppressed the in vitro differentiation of Th17 cells, as well as IL-17 production by small intestinal CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Unlike other small intestinal immune cells or circulating eosinophils, we found that small intestinal eosinophils have a unique ability to constitutively secrete high levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a natural inhibitor of IL-1β. Moreover, small intestinal eosinophils isolated from IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress Th17 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that small intestinal eosinophils play a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by regulating Th17 cells via production of IL-1Ra.</P></▼2>
Size determination of Ecklonia cava for successful transplantation onto artificial seaweed reef
Kim, Young Dae,Shim, Jung Min,Park, Mi Seon,Hong, Jung-Pyo,Yoo, Hyun Il,Min, Byung Hwa,Jin, Hyung-Joo,Yarish, Charles,Kim, Jang K. The Korean Society of Phycology 2013 ALGAE Vol.28 No.4
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal blade size and timing to transplant seed-stock of Ecklonia cava Kjellman onto the reef structure. We used the modified artificial stepped reef structure. A total of 14 units (3.0 m length ${\times}$ 3.5 m width ${\times}$ 1.1 m height) were deployed 7-8 m deep under the water to examine the optimal blade size and timing to transplant seed-stock of E. cava onto the structures. Sporophytes of E. cava <1 cm in length were all died within 1 month of transplantation. The blades of 5-10 cm in length which were transplanted in March 2007 survived and grew well on the artificial reefs. Growth rates of 5-10 cm size class were higher than those of longer blade sporophytes (20-30 cm size class, transplanted in April) while the survival rates showed no difference between the classes of blade size. Both classes of 5-10 and 20-30 cm in length grew until July, and a reduction in size had occurred in September. These results indicate the importance of the blade size of E. cava and timing for successful transplantation of the seaweed on artificial reef structures.
A baseline drift detrending technique for fast scan cyclic voltammetry
DeWaele, Mark,Oh, Yoonbae,Park, Cheonho,Kang, Yu Min,Shin, Hojin,Blaha, Charles D.,Bennet, Kevin E.,Kim, In Young,Lee, Kendall H.,Jang, Dong Pyo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 The Analyst Vol.142 No.22
<P>Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) has been commonly used to measure extracellular neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain. Due to the unstable nature of the background currents inherent in FSCV measurements, analysis of FSCV data is limited to very short amounts of time using traditional background subtraction. In this paper, we propose the use of a zero-phase high pass filter (HPF) as the means to remove the background drift. Instead of the traditional method of low pass filtering across voltammograms to increase the signal to noise ratio, a HPF with a low cutoff frequency was applied to the temporal dataset at each voltage point to remove the background drift. As a result, the HPF utilizing cutoff frequencies between 0.001 Hz and 0.01 Hz could be effectively used to a set of FSCV data for removing the drifting patterns while preserving the temporal kinetics of the phasic dopamine response recorded <I>in vivo</I>. In addition, compared to a drift removal method using principal component analysis, this was found to be significantly more effective in reducing the drift (unpaired <I>t</I>-test <I>p</I> < 0.0001, <I>t</I> = 10.88) when applied to data collected from Tris buffer over 24 hours although a drift removal method using principal component analysis also showed the effective background drift reduction. The HPF was also applied to 5 hours of FSCV <I>in vivo</I> data. Electrically evoked dopamine peaks, observed in the nucleus accumbens, were clearly visible even without background subtraction. This technique provides a new, simple, and yet robust, approach to analyse FSCV data with an unstable background.</P>
Shin, Hojin,Oh, Yoonbae,Park, Cheonho,Kang, Yumin,Cho, Hyun U.,Blaha, Charles D.,Bennet, Kevin E.,Heien, Michael L.,Kim, In Young,Lee, Kendall H.,Jang, Dong Pyo American Chemical Society 2020 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.92 No.1
<P>Although N-shaped fast scan cyclic voltammetry (N-FSCV) is well-established as an electroanalytical method to measure extracellular serotonin concentrations <I>in vivo</I>, it is in need of improvement in both sensitivity and selectivity. Based on our previous studies using fast cyclic square-wave voltammetry (FCSWV) for <I>in vivo</I> dopamine measurements, we have modified this technique to optimize the detection of serotonin <I>in vivo</I>. A series of large amplitude square-shaped potentials was superimposed onto an N-shaped waveform to provide cycling through multiple redox reactions within the N-shaped waveform to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity to serotonin measurement when combined with a two-dimensional voltammogram. N-Shaped fast cyclic square-wave voltammetry (N-FCSWV) showed significantly higher sensitivity to serotonin compared to conventional N-FSCV. In addition, N-FCSWV showed better performance than conventional N-shaped FSCV in differentiating serotonin from its major interferents, dopamine and 5-hydroxyindoleascetic acid (5-HIAA). It was also confirmed that the large amplitude of the square waveform did not influence local neuronal activity, and it could monitor electrical stimulation evoked phasic release of serotonin in the rat substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) before and after systemic injection of escitalopram (ESCIT, 10 mg/kg i.p.), a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
김영환,정의영,임광범,김유진,Kim Sung-Won,Jeong Gun-Jae,Jang Young Charles,박경민,김동익,유태경,방석호 나노기술연구협의회 2020 Nano Convergence Vol.7 No.34
Cell therapy based on human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) is a known potential therapeutic approach to induce angiogenesis in ischemic diseases. However, the therapeutic efficacy of direct hADSC injection is limited by a low cell viability and poor cell engraftment after administration. To improve the outcomes of this kind of approach, various types of nanoparticles have been utilized to improve the therapeutic efficacy of hADSC transplantation. Despite their advantages, the adverse effects of nanoparticles, such as genetic damage and potential oncogenesis based on non-degradable property of nanoparticles prohibit the application of nanoparticles toward the clinical applications. Herein, we designed a transition metal based inorganic nanocluster able of pH-selective degradation (ps-TNC), with the aim of enhancing an hADSC based treatment of mouse hindlimb ischemia. Our ps-TNC was designed to undergo degradation at low pH conditions, thus releasing metal ions only after endocytosis, in the endosome. To eliminate the limitations of both conventional hADSC injection and non-degradable property of nanoparticles, we have collected conditioned medium (CM) from the ps-TNC treated hADSCs and administrated it to the ischemic lesions. We found that intracellular increment of transition metal ion upregulated the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, which can induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expressions. Based on the molecular mechanism, the secretion of VEGF and bFGF by ps-TNC treated hADSCs showed a significant improvement compared to that of untreated cells. Injecting the CM collected from ps-TNC treated hADSCs into the mouse hindlimb ischemia model (ps-TNC-CM group) showed significantly improved angiogenesis in the lesions, with improved limb salvage and decreased muscle degeneration compared to the group injected with CM collected from normal hADSCs (CM group). This study suggests a novel strategy, combining a known angiogenesis molecular mechanism with both an improvement on conventional stem cell therapy and the circumvention of some limitations still present in modern approaches based on nanoparticles.
Nanomaterial for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Jeong Gun-Jae,Castels Hannah,Kang Innie,Aliya Berna,Jang Young Charles 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2022 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.19 No.2
Skeletal muscle has an innate regenerative capacity to restore their structure and function following acute damages and injuries. However, in congenital muscular dystrophies, large volumetric muscle loss, cachexia, or aging, the declined regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle results in muscle wasting and functional impairment. Recent studies indicate that muscle mass and function are closely correlated with morbidity and mortality due to the large volume and location of skeletal muscle. However, the options for treating neuromuscular disorders are limited. Biomedical engineering strategies such as nanotechnologies have been implemented to address this issue. In this review, we focus on recent studies leveraging nano-sized materials for regeneration of skeletal muscle. We look at skeletal muscle pathologies and describe various proof-of-concept and pre-clinical studies that have used nanomaterials, with a focus on how nano-sized materials can be used for skeletal muscle regeneration depending on material dimensionality. Depending on the dimensionality of nano-sized materials, their application have been changed because of their different physical and biochemical properties. Nanomaterials have been spotlighted as a great candidate for addressing the unmet needs of regenerative medicine. Nanomaterials could be applied to several types of tissues and diseases along with the unique characteristics of nanomaterials. However, when confined to muscle tissue, the targets of nanomaterial applications are limited and can be extended in future research.
Kim, Do Hyoung,Oh, Yoonbae,Shin, Hojin,Park, Cheonho,Blaha, Charles D.,Bennet, Kevin E.,Kim, In Young,Lee, Kendall H.,Jang, Dong Pyo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Analytical methods Vol.10 No.24
<P>Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an effective method for investigating electro-active neurochemical species. In recent years, FSCV has been used to measure electro-active neurotransmitters in a variety of neuroscience studies. We previously reported on the use of paired-pulse voltammetry (PPV) that enables FSCV to differentiate various analytes and minimize confounding factors by taking advantage of the adsorption characteristics of the analyte on carbon fiber microelectrodes. In spite of a number of studies regarding adsorption/desorption characteristics of neurotransmitters, the difference in adsorption/desorption properties among neurotransmitters has yet to be fully explored. To calculate adsorption/desorption constants for neurotransmitters, we propose the use of multi-waveform FSCV (M-FSCV), which consists of ten triangular waveforms in a single scan. Within the multiple waveforms, the voltammetric response of dopamine decayed exponentially because of the decreased adsorption time period. The decay pattern was mathematically described using adsorption/desorption characteristics and two additional initial points: an exponential decay constant (<I>K</I>) and an initial quantity (<I>A</I>), which were extracted from the decay equation. Using this method, we were able to quantify the decay constant (<I>K</I>-map) and an initial quantity (<I>A</I>-map) color plot in addition to a conventional pseudo color plot. M-FSCV was evaluated with two biogenic amine groups (catecholamines and indolamines) to characterize their inherent adsorption/desorption constants. As a result, the <I>A</I>-map showed a high correlation with concentration and the <I>K</I>-map for each group to be significantly differentiated. These results demonstrate that M-FSCV has the potential to be a useful technique for acquiring additional adsorption/desorption information regarding neurotransmitters.</P>