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Data Hiding approach based on Eight-Queens Problem and Pixel Mapping Method
Abhishek Bansal,Sunil Kumar Muttoo,Vinay Kumar 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.5
A new steganographic algorithm is presented using pixel mapping method based on eight queens and number of ones in pixel intensity value. In our method, we are sequentially selecting 81 pixel blocks to embed message bit. The method works with randomizing the bit selection in the 81 pixel block using eight queens’ solutions. This approach finds relationship between secret message and cover image according to the pixel mapping table. In this paper, we have presented a secure image steganography technique with acceptable levels of imperceptibility and distortion in the cover image. In presenting algorithm, security is considered by the randomize selection of eight queen’s solutions based on a seed value. The presented algorithm not only provides high level security, but also produces high capacity and good imperceptibility. The algorithm has been tested with different image file formats like BMP, TIFF and PNG.
Desmids (Chlorophyceae, Conjugales, Desmidiaceae) from Foothills of Western Himalaya, India
Sunil Kumar Shukla,Pradeep Kumar Misra,Chandra Prakash Shukla 한국조류학회I 2008 ALGAE Vol.23 No.1
Forty-eight taxa of desmids belonging to Class Chlorophyceae (Order - Conjugales, Family - Desmidiaceae), collected from different aquatic habitats of Lalkuan, Kathgodam and Pantnagar areas of Uttaranchal state and Pilibheet district of Uttar Pradesh, which are regions of foothills of Western Himalaya, have been described. These taxa belongs to 5 genera viz. Closterium Nitzsch (6 spp., 5 var., and 2 forma), Euastrum Ehrenberg (1 var.), Staurastrum Meyen (2 spp., 1 var., 1 forma), Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (19 spp. and 10 var.), Pleurotaenium Naegeli (1 sp.). Staurastrum pseudopachyrhyncum Wolle (1884) is new record for desmid flora of India.
Sunil Kumar,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04
Histone H4 is a protein subunit of nucleosomes in eukaryotes and play crucial roles in DNA package and in regulation of gene expression by covalent modification. A viral histone H4 is encoded in a polydnavirus called Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV). The viral H4 (CpBV-H4) is highly homologous with other H4 proteins except 38 extended residues in N terminus. Its expression alters insect gene expression and suppresses immune and development. In this study, CpBV-H4 was expressed in a natural host, Plutella xylostella, and its suppressive activity on host gene expression was detected by suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique. SSH targets, of which expressions were down-regulated by CpBV-H4, were read by 454 pyrosequencing and annotated using the published P. xylostella whole genome. Resulting targets were assigned to most GO functional categories. Two chromatin remodeling factors were included in the SSH targets. Lysine demethylase (Px-KDM) of P. xylostella was highly expressed during entire larval period in all tested tissues. However, the suppression of Px-KDM expression by a specific RNA interference (RNAi) did not affect immune response, but significantly impaired the larval development. SWI/SNF of P. xylostella (Px-SWI/SNF) was expressed in all developmental stages. Its RNAi did not affect larval development, but led to significant alteration in adult metamorphosis. CpBV-H4 suppressed expressions of both Px-KDM and Px-SWI/SNF, but its truncated mutant lacking in the extended N-terminal tail did not. These results suggest that the developmental alteration in P. xylostella parasitized by C. plutellae can be caused by an epigenetic control of CpBV-H4 against chromatin remodeling factors.
Dielectric relaxation in bismuth layer-structured BaBi_4Ti_4O_15 ferroelectric ceramics
Sunil Kumar,K.B.R. Varma 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.2
The dielectric properties of BaBi_4Ti_4O_15 ceramics were investigated as a function of frequency (10^2―10^6 Hz)at various temperatures (30℃―470 ℃), covering the phase transition temperature. Two different conduction mechanisms were obtained by fitting the complex impedance data to Cole―Cole equation. The grain and grain boundary resistivities were found to follow the Arrhenius law associated with activation energies: Eg ∼ 1.12 eV below Tm and Eg ∼ 0.70 eV above T_m for the grain conduction; and E_gb ∼ 0.93 eV below T_m and E_gb ∼ 0.71 eV above T_m for the grain boundary conduction. Relaxation times extracted using imaginary part of complex impedance Z˝(ω) and modulus M˝(ω) were also found to follow the Arrhenius law and showed an anomaly around the phase transition temperature. The frequency dependence of conductivitywas interpreted in terms of the jump relaxation model andwas fitted to the double power law.
On the solutions of xκ =g in a finite group
Sunil Kumar Prajapati,Ritumoni Sarma 대한수학회 2013 대한수학회보 Vol.50 No.2
The function g →ζ k G(g) which counts the number of solu- tions of xk = g in a finite group G, is not necessarily a character of G. We study this function for the case of dihedral groups and generalized quaternion groups.
MMMP: A MAC Protocol to Ensure QoS for Multimedia Traffic over Multi-hop Ad Hoc Networks
Kumar, Sunil,Sarkar, Mahasweta,Gurajala, Supraja,Matyjas, John D. Korea Information Processing Society 2008 Journal of information processing systems Vol.4 No.2
In this paper, we discuss a novel reservation-based, asynchronous MAC protocol called 'Multi-rate Multi-hop MAC Protocol' (MMMP) for multi-hop ad hoc networks that provides QoS guarantees for multimedia traffic. MMMP achieves this by providing service differentiation for multirate real-time traffic (both constant and variable bit rate traffic) and guaranteeing a bounded end-to-end delay for the same while still catering to the throughput requirements of non real time traffic. In addition, it administers bandwidth preservation via a feature called 'Smart Drop' and implements efficient bandwidth usage through a mechanism called 'Release Bandwidth'. Simulation results on the QualNet simulator indicate that MMMP outperforms IEEE 802.11 on all performance metrics and can efficiently handle a large range of traffic intensity. It also outperforms other similar state-of-the-art MAC protocols.
Perspective of Membrane Technology in Dairy Industry: A Review
Kumar, Pavan,Sharma, Neelesh,Ranjan, Rajeev,Kumar, Sunil,Bhat, Z.F.,Jeong, Dong Kee Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.9
Membrane technology has revolutionized the dairy sector. Different types of membranes are used in the industry for various purposes like extending the shelf life of milk without exposure to heat treatment, standardization of the major components of milk for tailoring new products as well increasing yield and quality of the dairy products, and concentrating, fractionation and purification of milk components especially valuable milk proteins in their natural state. In the cheese industry, membranes increase the yield and quality of cheese and control the whey volume, by concentrating the cheese milk. With the advancement of newer technology in membrane processes, it is possible to recover growth factor from whey. With the introduction of superior quality membranes as well as newer technology, the major limitation of membranes, fouling or blockage has been overcome to a greater extent.
Sunil Kumar,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04
Insect immunity is innate and consists of cellular and humoral immune responses. Cellular immune response usually requires hemocyte-spreading behavior, which is accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangement. A glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), catalyzes an oxidation reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate in the cytosol. Another function of GAPDH in mammalian cell is to bind C-terminal α-tubulin to facilitate cytoskeletal arrangement. An immunoprecipitation (IP) of viral protein, CpBV-CrV1, against hemocyte protein lysate revealed that CpBV-CrV1 binds to GAPDH, identified by MALDI-TOF analysis. RNA interference (RNAi) of GAPDH significantly suppressed cellular immune response, but neither RNAi of hexokinase nor aldolase suppressed the cellular immune response. A common molecular motif of CpBV-CrV1 and a-tubulin at C-terminal region supported the IP analysis. To test the role of α-tubulin motif in CpBV-CrV1, point mutations of CpBV-CrV1 were applied and resulted in loss of the biological activity of CpBV-CrV1. Furthermore, an immunofluorescence assay indicates CpBV-CrV1 colocalized with a-tubulin in hemocytes collected from Plutella xylostella parasitized by Cotesia plutellae possessing C. plutellae bracovirus (CpBV). This result suggests that GAPDH plays a critical role in hemocyte-spreading behavior during immune challenge, and it is a molecular target of the pathogenic virus.