한약재 주정 추출물이 종자발아와 유묘생장에 미치는 영향

김진효 ( Jin Hyo Kim ),김준영 ( Jun Young Kim ),류성지 ( Sung Ji Ryu ),최근형 ( Geun Hyoung Choi ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),김세리 ( Se Ri Kim ),박병준 ( Byung Jun Park ),조남준 ( Nam Jun Cho ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.3

BACKGROUND: Herbal extracts have been screened fortheir inhibitory effect of seed germination and rootdevelopment on weeds, but there is a scarcity of reports forcrop growth regulation. The objective of this research wasto develop a growth inhibitor on Brassica campestris, andits effective extraction method from herbal medicineextract. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty four herbal medicineextracts were tested for their plant growth inhibitionactivity on B. campestris. The alcohol extracts of Artemisiaannua, Cinnamomum cassia, and Mentha arvensisinhibited over 30% of germination and the extract of A. annua, and C. cassia inhibited over 70% of radicle growthat 0.1 % w/w treatment. The partially purified extracts of A. annua, and C. cassia with dichloromethane and hexaneshowed stronger radicle growth inhibition than the crudeextracts on B. campestris. The diethyl ether extract of A. annua showed a similar 50% radicle growth inhibition (RI50= 45 mg/L) to its partially purified extract withdichloromethane or hexane, but the diethyl ether extract ofC. cassia showed a worse RI50 than the purified extract. CONCLUSION: The alcohol extracts of A. annua, and C. cassia showed potent radicle growth inhibition propertieson B. campestris. Diethyl ether proved to be a good solventfor simple extraction from A. annua.

The cut-off value of transient elastography to the value of hepatic venous pressure gradient in alcoholic cirrhosis

( Se Ri Ryu ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Seong Hee Kang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Moon Young Kim ),( Young Kyu Cho ),( Young Chang ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Soon Koo Baik ),( 대한간학회 2021 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.27 No.1

Background/Aims: The hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) reflects portal hypertension, but its measurement is invasive. Transient elastography (TE) is a noninvasive method for evaluating liver stiffness (LS). We investigated the correlation between the value of LS, LS to platelet ratio (LPR), LS-spleen diameter-to-platelet ratio score (LSPS) and HVPG according to the etiology of cirrhosis, especially focused on alcoholic cirrhosis. Methods: Between January 2008 and March 2017, 556 patients who underwent HVPG and TE were consecutively enrolled. We evaluated LS, LPR, and LSPS according to the etiology of cirrhosis and analyzed their correlations with HVPG. Results: The LS value was higher in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis than viral cirrhosis based on the HVPG (43.5 vs. 32.0 kPa, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the LPR or LSPS between alcoholic and viral cirrhosis groups, and the areas under the curves for the LPR and LSPS in subgroups according to HVPG levels were not superior to that for LS. In alcoholic cirrhosis, the LS cutoff value for predicting an HVPG ≥10 mmHg was 32.2 kPa with positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.5% and 36.6 kPa for HVPG ≥12 mmHg with PPV of 91.0%. Conclusions: The LS cutoff value should be determined separately for patients with alcoholic and viral cirrhosis. In alcoholic cirrhosis, the LS cutoff values were 32.2 and 36.6 kPa for predicting an HVPG ≥10 and ≥12 mmHg, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the LPR or LSPS between alcoholic and viral cirrhosis groups. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2021;27:197-206)

The Survival of Patients with HVPG >12mmHg in Real Clinical Practice-Focusing on “with or without Gastroesophageal Varices”

( Se Ri Ryu ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Tae Yeob Kim ),( Ki Tae Suk ),( Moon Young Kim ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( Soon Koo Baik ),( Joo Hyun Sohn ),( Woo Kyoung Jeong ),( Eun Hee Choi ),( Su 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: In patients with gastroesophageal varices (GEV), an hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG)>12mmHg identifies the risk of variceal hemorrhage (VH). However, although HVPG >12mmHg, some patients do not have GEV according to the different type of the portosystemic collateral vessles. We investigated the clinical outcome in patients with HVPG >12mmHg based on the presence of GEV in real clinical practice. Methods: Of 572 patients performed with HVPG measurement between 2008 and 2013, 359 patients with HVPG >12mmHg were subsequently collected. The 359 patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of GEV. We analyzed the survival between 2 groups and the predictive factors for survival in these patients. Results: Among the 359 patients, 302 (84.1%) had GEV and 57 (15.9%) had not. There were 69 cases of death (62 in GEV group, 7 in non GEV group). The 1,3,5 year survival rate were 93.0%, 82.8% and 79.8% in GEV group, and 95.9%, 85.7% and 85.7% in non GEV group, respectively. As for the cause of death, VH was the most common (21, 33.9%), followed by hepatorenal syndrome (12, 19.4%) and hepatic failure (9, 14.5%) in GEV group. In non GEV group, hepatic failure (5, 71.4%) was the most common. However, there was no significant difference in survival between 2 groups (P=0.074)(Figure 1). To investigate the predictive factors for survival, the presence of GEV, VH, HVPG values, MELD score, CP score, and the cause of liver cirrhosis were analyzed. In multivariate analysis the CP score was the only significant factor for survival [Harzard ratio 1.343 (95% confidence interval 1.096-1.647), P =0.005]. Conclusions: In patients with HVPG >12mmHg, 57(15.9%) patients had not GEV, and the presence of GEV did not show significance for survival. The Child-Pugh Score was the only predictive factor for the survival in these patients.

The Optimal Management of Pleural Effusion in Liver Abscess?

( Se Ri Ryu ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Tom Ryu ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Youngyun Cho ),( Jeeyeon Kim ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Sang-woo Cha ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Young Deok 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: We investigated the characteristics and clinical features of pleural effusion in patients with liver abscess. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in a single center to evaluate the characteristics and management of pleural effusion in patients with liver abscess hospitalized between January 2006 and February 2018 at Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital. A total of 526 patients were collected. Of these, 156 patients diagnosed as eosinophilic abscess or later cholangiocarcinoma or liver metastasis were excluded from the analysis. Finally, the clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings were analyzed in total of 370 patients in liver abscess. Results: Of the patients with liver abscess, 110 (29.7%) patients had pleural effusion. Among of these, 56.4% occurred in right, 5.5% in left and 35.5% in both. When pleural effusion was present, age (older age, P=0.046), liver abscess size (43.01 vs. 59.48mm, P=0.000) and location (right superior segment, P=0.000) were significantly different from those without. Most of patients (96 patients) were treated with only antibiotics and 14 patients underwent intervention with antibiotics for pleural effusion. Of the 13 patients who were able to perform fluid analysis, 11 (84.6%) were exudate and 2 (15.4%) were transudate. Duration of pleural effusion showed no significant difference between the groups that performed intervention and those who were treated with antibiotics only (17.79 vs. 12.35 days, P= 0.112). Conclusions: The pleural effusion was more frequent in older patients, larger size and right superior segment. There was no statistically significant difference in duration of pleural effusion between intervention and non-intervention group. Therefore, treatment of pleural effusion is thought to be sufficient for antibiotics without special intervention in patients with liver abscess.

The Cut-Off Value of Transient Elastography to Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient for Alcoholic and Viral Cirrhosis in Korean Patients

( Se Ri Ryu ),( Seong Hee Kang ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Moon Young Kim ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Soon Koo Baik ),( Yong Jae Kim ),( Su Yeon Park ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: To investigate correlation between hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and transient elastography (TE) in patients with cirrhosis and to identify a cut-off value of TE to HVPG in clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH, HVPG ≥10mmHg) and severe portal hypertension (SPH, HVPG >12mmHg) according to the cause of cirrhosis. Methods: Between January 2008 and March 2017, 553 patients who underwent HVPG and TE were consecutively enrolled at the three Korean tertiary medical centers. HVPG and TE were performed within 1 month interval. Patients were classified with the cause of liver cirrhosis, and the cut-off value of TE was analyzed for patients with alcoholic and viral origin of cirrhosis. Results: The mean age was 53.3±9.8 years, and the majority (81.6%) were male. A significant positive correlation was noted between liver stiffness and HVPG levels (r=0.544, P<0.001). The area under receiver operating characteristic curves for TE to diagnose CSPH and SPH were 0.829 (95%CI: 0.790-0.868) and 0.80.2 (95%CI: 0.765-0.840). Among all cause of liver cirrhosis, the most common etiology was 1)alcohol 335(60.6%) followed by 2)chronic hepatitis B(CHB) 128(23.1%), 3)CHB with alcohol 45(8.1%), 4)cryptogenic 22(4%), 5)chronic hepa-titis C(CHC) 18(3.3%), and 6)CHC with alcohol 5(0.9%). HVPG and TE values were evaluated for total patients, patients with alcoholic(1), and viral [(2)+(5)] cirrhosis. In total patients, a cut-off values of TE of 27.6 and 32.5kPa were obtained by using Youden index to best predict CSPH and SPH, respectively. In alcoholic cirrhosis, a cut-off values of TE were 32.2 kPa and 36.6 kPa, for CSPH and SPH, respectively. In viral cirrhosis, a cut-off values of TE was 18.0 kPa for both CSPH and SPH(Table 1). Conclusions: In the alcoholic cirrhosis, cut off value of TE was higher than that of viral cirrhosis. Therefore, it is necessary to interpret the TE value depending on the cause of liver cirrhosis.

기획특집 : 농산물의 수확후 위생관리 연구개발 현황과 금후계획

김세리 ( Se Ri Kim ),이효섭 ( Hyo Sub Lee ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),류송희 ( Song Hee Ryu ),김황용 ( Hwang Yong Kim ),류재기 ( Jae Gee Ryu ) 한국식품위생안전성학회 2014 Safe Food Vol.9 No.4

들깻잎과 생산환경의 미생물 분포

김세리(Se-Ri Kim),이지영(Ji-Young Lee),이서현(Seo-Hyun Lee),고현석(Hyeon-Seok Ko),윤요한(Yo-Han Yoon),권세혁(Se-Hyeok Kwon),류경열(Kyoung-Yul Ryu),윤혜정(Hye-Jeong Yun),김원일(Won-Il Kim),윤종철(Jong-Chul Yun),김두호(Doo-Ho Kim),정덕화( 한국식품과학회 2011 한국식품과학회지 Vol.43 No.2

본 연구는 국내 일일 평균 섭취량이 많은 들깻잎을 대상으로 미생물 안전성을 평가하고 미생물에 대한 오염도를 조사하였고, 검출빈도가 높은 S. aureus와 B. cereus의 오염원을 조사하였다. 들깻잎의 미생물 오염도 조사 결과 일반세균수 수준은 4.82 log CFU/g이었다. 대장균군의 오염수준은 0.83-5.33 log CFU/g으로 농가 간 차이가 크게 나타났으며 50% 농가의 들깻잎에서 4.00 log CFU/g 이상 검출되었다. 또한 병원성미생물 분석결과, E. coli는 3%(4/114)의 들깻잎에서 1.00 log CFU/g 이하로 검출되었으며 S. aureus의 경우 검출빈도는 7.9%(9/114)였고 1.6%(2/114)의 들깻잎에서 S. aureus가 2.00 log CFU/g 이상으로 다소 높게 검출되었다. B. cereus는 0-3.81 logCFU/g 수준이었고 검출빈도는 46.5%(53/114)였으며 2곳의 농가에서 3.00 log CFU/g 이상으로 높게 검출되었다. 한편 E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp, 그리고 L. monocytogenes는 모두 검출되지 않았다. 또한 들깻잎 생산환경(토양, 수질, 작업자 및 포장대 등)에서 위생지표세균과 S. aureus와 B. cereus를 조사한 결과 일반세균수와 대장균군이 대부분의 시료에서 3.00 log CFU/100 cm2 이상 검출되었고 일부 손, 수확용기 및 포장대에서 대장균군이 4.00 log CFU/100 cm2, hand 이상으로 높게 검출되었다. S. aureus는 관개용수, 포장대, 포장비닐, 작업자의 손과 복장에서 검출되었고 검출 수준은 0.33-1.31 log CFU/100 cm2이었다. B. cereus의 경우는 다양한 시료에서 빈번하게 검출되었고 특히 앞서 위생지표세균결과에서 오염도가 높았던 수확용기와 포장대에서 최고 5.50 log CFU/100 cm2까지 검출되었으며 수확 전 들깻잎보다 수확 후 들깻잎에서 B. cereus 수준이 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 들깻잎의 유해미생물 오염은 생산단계부터 발생되고 있으므로 이러한 유해미생물의 오염을 사전에 관리하는 GAP제도를 도입해야 할 것이다. The prevalence and distribution of hazardous microorganisms were investigated from the major perilla cultivation area at Milyang, Gyeongnam province, Korea. Aerobic plate count (APC) and coliform count of perilla leaves were 4.82 log CFU/g and 3.85 log CFU/g, respectively. E. coli, S. aureus and B. cereus were detected in 3.0% (4/114), 7.9% (9/114) and 46.5% (53/114) of examined perilla leaves. However, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp, and L. monocytogenes were not detected. The distribution of hazardous microorganisms in perilla leaf cultivation environment were compared and the concentration of APC and coliform counts were more than 3.0 log CFU/(mL, g, 100 cm2, hand) from most of the samples. S. aureus were detected from irrigation water, packing table, packing vinyl, hand, and clothes. Also, B. cereus was frequently detected from the examined samples. Especially, packing table and collection container were contaminated with maximum 5.5 log CFU/100 cm2 of B. cereus. Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) system should be introduced to farms to enhance the safety of perilla leaves.

전해수를 이용한 들깻잎 중 Salmonella Typhimurium과 Staphylococcus aureus의 저감화 효과 분석

김세리(Se-Ri Kim),류경열(Kyoung Yul Ryu),이명희(Myoung-Hee Lee),정찬식(Chan-Sik Jung),윤요한(Yohan Yoon),심현보(Won-Bo Shim),김주희(Ju-Hee Kim),김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),유순영(Soon-Young Yoo),김두호(Doo-Ho Kim),윤종철(Jong-Chul Yun),정덕 한국식품과학회 2012 한국식품과학회지 Vol.44 No.4

본 연구는 들깻잎에 존재하는 Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus에 대한 전해수의 저감효과를 분석하고 전해수로의 유기물의 유입과 들깻잎과 전해수의 비율이 전해수의 효과에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 수행하였다. 들깻잎에 S. Typhimurium과 S. aureus을 7.0 log10CFU/g 정도로 접종 한 후 25, 50, 75, 100 ppm에서 1, 3, 5분 동안 각각 처리하여 시간과 농도에 따른 전해수 효과를 분석하였다. 또한 유기물이 전해수의 효과에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 전해수에 첨가한 유기물 농도는 150, 300, 450, 600 μg/L 수준이었고, 들깻잎과 전해수의 처리비율은 1:10, 1:25, 1:50이었다. 그 결과, S. Typhimurium과 S. aureus 모두 유효 염소 농도가 증가할수록 미생물 저감효과도 높아지는 경향을 보였으며(p<0.05) 두 균주 모두 100 ppm 처리에서 25 ppm 처리에서 보다 전해수의 저감효과가 약 0.7 log10CFU/g 정도 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 하지만 처리 시간에 따른 효과는 없었다 (p>0.05). 또한 전해수 중 유기물 함량이 증가할수록 S. Typhimurium과 S. aureus의 제어효과는 감소하였다(p<0.05). 유기물 600 μg/L 첨가시 유기물 첨가를 하지 않았을 때에 비하여 S. Typhimurium은 1.10 log<SUB>10</SUB>CFU/g, S. aureus는 0.8 log10CFU/g의 전해수 효과가 감소하였다. 들깻잎과 전해수의 처리비율은 1:10으로 처리하였을 때 미생물 저감효과는 S. Typhimurium 0.57 log10CFU/g, S. aureus 0.79 log10CFU/g로 전해수에 의한 미생물저감 효과를 기대하기 어려웠다. 따라서 들깻잎에서 S. Typhimurium과 S.aureus의 효과적인 제어를 위해서는 전해수 처리전에 물 세척을 통하여 흙과 먼지를 제거하고 전해수 농도 100 ppm에서 1분 이상 처리해야한다. 또한 들깻잎과 전해수 비율은 1:25 이상 유지 하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to evaluate the bactericidal activity of weakly alkalic electrolyzed water (WEW)against Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus on perilla leaves. The influences of organic matter, inform of bovine serum, and the ratio of WEW to perilla leaves on bactericidal activity of WEW were also examined. Treatment of these organisms with 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm WEW was performed for 1 min, 3 min and 5 min, respectively. Higher bactericidal activity was observed after a treatment with 100 ppm WEW compared to a treatment with 25 ppm WEW by 0.7 log<SUB>10</SUB>CFU/g. The bactericidal activity of WEW also decreased with increasing bovine serum concentration. At the ratio of 10:1 (WEW: perilla leave), levels of Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus were only reduced by 0.57 and 0.79 log10CFU/g, respectively. It is suggested that the removal of organic debris prior to application of sanitizers and treatment above the ratio of 25:1 (WEW: perilla leave) is needed in order to improve WEW activity.

Second Line Treatment for Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Treatment: Single Center Experience

( Tom Ryu ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Se Ri Ryu ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Sang-woo Cha ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Young Deok Cho ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( Boo Sung 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: We investigated the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative treatment and the efficacy of second line treatment. Methods: This study included 230 patients who had been diagnosed with HCC and had curative treatment such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), resection or liver transplantation. Data on recurrence, survival, and second line treatment after curative treatment were collected and analyzed. Recurrence rates were compared with the chi-square test, and cumulative survival rates were compared with log-rank and Kaplan-Meier test. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Average follow up duration was 46.37 months (1-180 months). The total recurrence rate after curative treatment for HCC was 41.3%. The recurrence rates after surgery including liver transplantation and RFA were 43.4% and 38.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate after surgery and RFA (P=0.463). However, the cumulative survival rate after surgery including liver transplantation was significantly higher than that after RFA (P=0.032). Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was performed in 50 of 95 patients (52.6%), as second line treatment. Other patients received local treatment (RFA or CyberKnife) (17.9%), sorafenib (14.7%), or other treatments (14.8%) as second line treatment. Surgery was performed in 1 patient with recurrent HCC after RFA. The 5-year survival rate in patients with recurrent HCC was 64.1%. The survival rate was not significantly different between patient treated with TACE and non-TACE as second line treatment (P=0.760) (Figure 1). Conclusions: Although recurrence rates after surgery and RFA were not significantly different, the cumulative survival rate was significantly different between the two groups. TACE was the most common second line treatment, but the cumulative survival rate was not significantly different between patients treated with TACE and non-TACE.

들깻잎과 생산환경에서 분리한 Bacillus cereus의 독소 유전자와 항생제 감수성 분석

김세리(Se-Ri Kim),이지영(Ji-Young Lee),이서현(Seo-Hyun Lee),류경열(Kyoung-Yul Ryu),박경훈(Kyeong-Hun Park),김병석(Byung-Seok Kim),윤요한(Yo-Han Yoon),심원보(Won-Bo Shim),김경열(Kyoung-Yul Kim),하상도(Sang-Do Ha),윤종철(Jong-Chul Yun) 한국식품과학회 2011 한국식품과학회지 Vol.43 No.2

본 연구는 들깻잎과 들깻잎 생산환경을 대상으로 276개의 시료를 채취하여 B. cereus를 분리 하였다. 분리된 B. cereus 200주의 toxicity를 평가하고자 독소유전자와 항생제내성을 검색하였다. 그 결과 분리된 균주에서 11개의 서로 다른 독소유전자 패턴은 확인하였으며 5개의 설사형독소와 구토형 독소를 모두 생성할 수 있는 균주는 21%였다. 가장 빈번하게 검출되는 독소유전자는 nheA(100%), enFM(100%), hblA, C, D(66.5%)였으며 EM은 가장 낮은 빈도(21.0%)로 검출되었다. 항생제 내성평가결과 분리된 대부분의 B. cereus는 18종의 항생제 중 10개의 항생제에 대해서는 감수성이었으나 β-lactam계 항생제인 penicillin(100%), ampicillin(100%), oxacillin(94.9%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid(95.6%), cefazolin(78.2%)과 비β-lactam계 항생제 rifampicin(58.0%)에 대해서 저항성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 들깻잎과 들깻잎 생산환경에서 분리된 B. cereus의 독소유전자와 항생제내성 패턴은 서로 유사하였다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 들깻잎에 오염된 B. cereus에 의하여 설사형 뿐만 아니라 구토형 식중독이 발생할 가능성을 시사하며 들깻잎과 생산환경에서 항생제 저항성 B. cereus가 검출되어 의약계뿐만 아니라 농업현장에서도 항생제내성균주 출현을 예방하는 대책이 요구된다. Two-hundred Bacillus cereus isolated from perilla leaf cultivation areas in Miryang, Korea were investigated for toxin genes and antibiotic susceptibility. Toxigenic patterns of isolates were identified to be 11 groups through toxin gene profiles. 21% of strains isolated from the perilla leaves had both enterotoxin and emetic toxin. Toxin genes entFM (100%), nheA (100%) and hblA, C, D (65.5%) were frequently found in the perilla leaves, whereas EM (21.0%) was less common. Most isolates were susceptible to 10 antibiotics, but they were highly resistant to penicillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), oxacillin (94.9%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (95.6%), cefazolin (78.2%), and rifampicin (58.0%). These results indicate that food-borne outbreak caused by B. cereus might lead to diarrhea and emetic syndromes.