Microbial Synthesis of Sex Hormones

Sang Sup Lee,Young Ui Kang,Young Bae Kim,Jung Rip Han 대한약학회 1972 약학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Estrone, which is obtainable from 19-hydroxycholesterol acetate through microbial oxidation, was chemically transformed to orally active estrogens, ethynylestradiol and methylestradiol. For progestin synthesis, 5alpha-bromo-6, 19-oxidoisoandrosterone was harvested from the culture broth(ATCC: 19170), in which 5alpha-bromo-6, 19-oxidocholestanol acetate was added as a carbon source. Methylestrenolone, a potent orally active progestin, was synthesized from the harvested product via several reactions. Norethindrone, a popular progestin, was, also prepared from 19-norandrostenedione. 19-Norandrostenedione is also available through microbial oxidation and chemical modification of 5alpha-chlor-6, 19-oxidocholestanol acetate.

Flammulina velutipe의 국내 균주와 외래 균주 간의 ITS region을 이용한 계통학적 유연관계 분석

Gwang-Rip Hwang(황광립),Ju-Ri Woo(우주리),Hyeokjun Yoon(윤혁준),Chang-Yun Lee(이창윤),Sang-Han Lee(이상한),Won-Sik Kong(공원식),Jong-Guk Kim(김종국) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 팽이버섯(Flammulina velutipes)의 국내 균주와 외래 균주간의 유전적 유연관계를 조사하기 위하여 수행되었으며, 계통수 측정 결과 3개 그룹으로 나눠짐을 확인하였다. 20개 F. velutipes 균주들의 ITS region 염기서열을 확보하였으며, 이들 서열을 바탕으로 multiple alignment를 보았으며, Neighbor-joining method를 이용하여 계통수를 작성하였으며, 2개 그룹으로 나눠짐을 확인하였다. 또한 F. velutipes 4154 균주의 rDNA-cluster를 최초로 분석한 결과, 총 10,974 bp임을 밝혔다. SSU는 1,806 bp, ITS region은 553 bp의 염기배열이 결정되었다. ITS 1 부분은 245 bp이고 ITS 2는 308 bp였으며, LSU에 해당되는 염기서열은 3,402 bp, IGS 1은 1,400 bp, 5S는 83 bp, IGS 2는 3,571 bp임을 확인하였다. This study was carried out to investigate the genetic relationship of Flammulina velutipes with other species. The ribosomal DNA cluster containing 4 rRNA genes from F. velutipes 4154 were sequenced. The length of the rDNA cluster sequence was estimated at 7,403 bp long and consisted of 1,806 bp of SSU rDNA, 245 bp of ITS 1 region, 159 bp of 5.8S rDNA, 308 bp of ITS 2 region, 3,402 bp of LSU rDNA, 1,400 bp of IGS 1 region, and 83 bp of 5S rDNA. The F. velutipes 4154 genes were contained in the rDNA cluster of F. velutipes in the order of SSU rDNA - ITS 1 - 5.8S rDNA - ITS 2 - LSU rDNA - IGS 1 - 5S rDNA. The phylogenetic relationships of 20 strains of Tricholomataceae and Physalacriaceae were analyzed by conducting distance analysis using the Neighbor-joining (NJ) method. The 20 strains used in this study were divided into three groups and the strains of the genus Flammulina were related very closely to strains of Physalacria bambusae.

Efficiency of the Market participants in agricultural and fishery marketing

( Bai Yung Sung ),( Sang Rip Han ) 한국농촌경제연구원 1988 Journal of Rural Development Vol.11 No.2

연구논문 : 마이크로-나노버블 반응조를 이용한 미생물성장 동력학 계수의 추정에 관한 연구

한영립 ( Young Rip Han ),정병길 ( Byung Gil Jung ),정유진 ( Yoo Jin Jung ),조도현 ( Do Hyun Cho ),성낙창 ( Nak Chang Sung ) 한국환경과학회 2010 한국환경과학회지 Vol.19 No.5

응집제 및 응집보조제 투입방법에 따른 음식물폐수의 처리특성

성낙창 ( Nak-chang Sung ),한영립 ( Young-rip Han ),정병길 ( Byung-gil Jung ),안영희 ( Yeong-hee Ahn ),최영익 ( Young-ik Choi ) 한국환경기술학회 2014 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구는 음식물폐수 처리를 위해 응집공정의 효율 향상을 위한 방안으로 응집보조제를 투입하여 음식물폐수내 유기물처리 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 최적 응집제 투입 조건을 파악하기 위해 주입량, 교반조건 등을 Jar-test로 연구하였으며, 결과를 바탕으로 응집보조제 투입에 따른 유기물 농도를 파악하였다. 연구결과 최적응집제 투입량을 4.5 mL/L로 나타났으며, 최적응집제 투입량을 바탕으로 응집보조제를 투입하여 제거효율을 평가한 결과 COD_Cr, TOC, UV₂₅₄, 탁도 및 SS 항목에서 응집보조제 주입량 2.25 mL/L에서 가장 높은 효율을 나타내었다. 또한, 응집보조제 주입 방안에 관하여 응집 전주입, 응집 후 주입 및 동시주입으로 구분하여 실시한 결과 응집 전 주입 → 응집 후 주입 → 동시주입 순으로 나타났다. This study has improved coagulation processes in order to design a treatment plan by improving treatment process of food wastewater that is generated from a resource recovery plant of food wast. The optimal coagulation conditions were derived by observing the features of coagulation·mixing according to characteristics of water quality of food wastewater through a jar-tests. Based on them, optimal operating parameters were derived by analyzing treated wastewater quality. The optimal dosage of a polymer coagulant for food wastewater was found to be 4.5 mL/L. Besides, the optimal dosage of the polymer coagulant aids which is the optimal dosage of a polymer coagulant for food wastewater was found to be 2.25 mL/L in COD_Cr, TOC, UV₂₅₄, turbidity and SS. As a result of conducting the Jar-tests by changing the location of injection of the coagulant aids under optimal coagulation conditions into pre-injection, post-injection and co-injection in order to decide the location of injection of coagulant aids for food wastewater. They showed high removal efficiencies in the order of pre-injection → post-injection → co-injection.

BiVO₄/WO₃/SnO₂ Double-Heterojunction Photoanode with Enhanced Charge Separation and Visible-Transparency for Bias-Free Solar Water-Splitting with a Perovskite Solar Cell

Baek, Ji Hyun,Kim, Byeong Jo,Han, Gill Sang,Hwang, Sung Won,Kim, Dong Rip,Cho, In Sun,Jung, Hyun Suk American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.2

<P>Coupling dissimilar oxides in heterostruetures allows the engineering of interfacial, optical, charge separation/transport and transfer properties of photoanodes for photo electrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Here, we demonstrate a double-heterojunction concept based on a BiVO4/WO3/SnO2 triple-layer planar heterojunction (TPH) photoanode, which shows simultaneous improvements in the charge transport (similar to 93% at 1.23 V vs RHE) and transmittance at-longer wavelengths (>500 nm). The TPH photoanode was prepared by a facile solution method: a porous SnO2 film was, first deposited on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/glass-substrate followed by WO3 deposition, leading to the formation of a double layer of dense WO3 and a WO3/SnO2 mixture at the bottom. Subsequently, a BiVO4 nanoparticle film was deposited by spin coating. Importantly, the WO3/(WO3+SnO2) composite bottom layer forms a disordered heterojunction enabling intimate contact, lower interfacial resistance, and efficient charge transport/transfer. In addition, the top BiVO4/WO3 heterojunction layer improves light absorption and charge separation. The resultant TPH photoanode shows greatly improved internal quantum efficiency (similar to 80%) and PEC water oxidation performance, (similar to 3.1 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs RHE) compared to the previously reported BiVO4/WO3 photoanodes. The PEC performance was , further improved by a reactive-ion etching treatment and CoOx electrocatalyst deposition. Finally, we demonstrated a bias-free and stable solar water-splitting by constructing a tandem PEC device with a perovskite solar cell (STH similar to 3.5%).</P>

마이크로파-열풍 건조 공정을 이용한 석유화학 폐수슬러지의 건조 특성

최영익 ( Young-ik Choi ),이상원 ( Sang-won Lee ),성낙창 ( Nak-chang Sung ),한영립 ( Young-rip Han ) 한국환경기술학회 2014 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.15 No.6

본 연구는 유기성 폐자원의 활용을 위해 석유화학 공장에서 발생하는 폐수슬러지를 이용하여 마이크로파-열풍 건조 공정을 적용, 건조조건별(마이크로파 단독, 열풍 단독, 및 마이크로파-열풍 융합)석유화학 폐수슬러지의 최적 건조조건을 도출하여 고형연료로서 활용 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 연구결과 화학폐수슬러지의 초기 함수율은 86.1%이며, 고형연료 기준에 적합한 함수율 10% 이하(완전건조)에 도달하는 건조방법별 건조시간은 열풍(200℃) < 마이크로파 < 열풍(250℃) < 마이크로파-열풍(200℃) < 마이크로파-열풍(250℃) 순으로 나타났으며, 가장 빠른 건조시간의 경우 마이크로파-열풍(250℃) 20분에서 고형연료 함수율 기준을 달성하는 것으로 나타났다. 중량감소율 및 부피감소율은 열풍(200℃) < 열풍(250℃) < 마이크로파-열풍(200℃) < 마이크로파-열풍(250℃)건조방법 순으로 나타났다. 항후 에너지 효율 고려 및 타 유기성 폐자원과 혼합하여 발열량을 보완하여 고형연료 품질기준을 달성하면 보다 효과적인 자원순환 방향이 될 것으로 사료된다. The objectives of this research are to find optimum conditions for drying characteristics of petrochemical wastewater sludge and to recycle for petrochemical wastewater sludge using three methods that are only a microwave drying process, only a thermal air drying process and a microwave-thermal air drying process. The initial moisture content of the petrochemical wastewater sludge is 86.1%. In order to meet the standard of sludge drying fuel, the moisture content must be below 10%. The fast order to reach the moisture content (below 10%) is the thermal air drying process with 200℃ < the microwave drying process < the thermal air drying process with 250℃ < the microwave-thermal air the drying process with 200℃ < the microwave-thermal air drying process with 250℃. The fastest drying process period is 20 minutes in microwave-thermal air drying process with 250℃. The order for a weight reduction and a volume reduction is the thermal air drying process with 200℃ < the thermal air drying process with 250℃ < the microwave-thermal air drying process with 200℃ < the microwave-thermal air drying process with 250℃. It is considered that the production of RDF is sufficiently available depending on the type of additives to increase drying efficiency and heating values as the petrochemical wastewater sludge recycling method by using the microwave-thermal air drying process.

선회식-가압부상공정을 이용한 음폐수의 처리특성

최영익 ( Young-ik Choi ),한영립 ( Young-rip Han ),김진보 ( Jin-bo Kim ),성낙창 ( Nak-chang Sung ),정병길 ( Byung-gil Jung ) 한국환경기술학회 2014 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구에서는 음폐수 처리를 위해 선회식 가압부상공정을 적용하였다. 본 연구는 재순환량, 공기량 및 압력 변화와 같은 세 가지 운전인자의 영향을 부유물질(SS) 제거특성을 중심으로 평가하는데 그 목적이 있다. 선회식 가압부상장치에 대한 수돗물의 총괄물질전달계수(K_La)의 값을 추정하기 위해 공기유량을 1.2 L/min, 압력 3 kgf/cm²에서 시간에 따른 DO 농도변화를 측정한 결과 포화상태에 도달한 시간은 30분으로, 이때의 DO 농도는 6.50 mg/L를 나타내었다. 이 측정값을 토대로 표준상태(20℃)로 보정하여 계산된 총괄물질전달계수(K_La)의 값은 7.73 hr^-1로 산정되었다. 또한, 음폐수에 대한 선회식 가압부상장치 실험에서 재순환량 및 압력이 증가할수록 SS 제거효율증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 적정 공기량은 1.2 L/min로 나타났다. Cyclonic-dissolved air flotation(CDAF) process was applied to food wastewater treatment. This research was performed in three main operating parameters such as recycled wastewater, air flow rate and pressure and focused on removing SS(suspended solids). As a result of measuring a dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration variance according to operating time under 1.2 L/min of air flow and 3 kgf/cm² of pressure in order to evaluate the value of coefficient of mass transfer(K_La) of tab water for the CDAF system, the time reaching saturation was 30 minutes, and DO concentration at that time was 6.50 mg/L. Based on this measured value, the K_La into standard state(20℃) was calculated to be 7.73 hr^-1. Besides, as recycling water and pressure increased at the experiment of the CDAF system for food wastewater, it was found that SS removal efficiency increased, and the optimal air flow was found to be 1.2 L/min.

전기투석에 의한 암모니아성질소의 제거 시 운전인자의 영향

윤태경(Tae-kyung Yoon),이강춘(Gang-choon Lee),정병길(Byung-gil Jung),한영립(Young-rip Han),성낙창(Nak-chang Sung) 한국청정기술학회 2011 청정기술 Vol.17 No.4

고농도의 암모니아성질소를 함유하는 폐수의 처리에 전기투석공정의 적용성이 실험적으로 평가되었다. 처리 성능은 전기 투석공정의 운전인자 중 유입농도, 운전전압, 그리고 유속이 암모니아성질소의 제거효율에 미치는 영향으로 측정되었다. 한계전류밀도는 유입농도와 유입유속이 증가함에 따라 선형적으로 증가하였고, 유입농도에 따라 목표농도에 도달하는 시간은 직선적인 비례관계를 보였다. 상대적으로 큰 암모니아성질소의 이온당량전도도와 이온이동도로 인하여 유입유속의 증가는 제거속도를 지속적으로 증가시켰다. 또한 운전전압의 증가에 따라 제거속도는 증가하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 전기투석모듈에서 고농도의 암모니아성질소를 제거하는 운전조건으로 유입유속은 3.2 L/min, 운전전압은 한계전류밀도에 해당하는 전압의 80~90%가 추천된다. To evaluate the feasibility of electrodialysis for ammonia nitrogen removal from wastewater, the effects of operating parameters such as diluate concentration, applied voltage and flow rate on the removal of ammonia nitrogen were experimentally estimated. The removal rate was evaluated by measuring the elapsed time for ammonia nitrogen concentration of diluate to reach 20 mg/L. Limiting current density (LCD) linearly increased with ammonia nitrogen concentration and flow rate. The elapsed time was linearly proportional to initial concentration of diluate. Due to relatively large equivalent ion conductivity and ion mobility of ammonia nitrogen, the removal rate increased consistently with flow rate. Increase in the applied voltage gave positive effect to removal rate. From the operation of the electrodialysis module used in this research, the flow rate of 3.2 L/min and 80~90% of applied voltage for LCD are recommended as the optimum operating condition for the removal from high concentrate ammonia nitrogen solution.

선박용 고도수처리장치에서 MBR 복합 적용에 따른 SBR 공법의 침전공정 제어를 통한 평가

최영익 ( Young-ik Choi ),윤영내 ( Young-nae Yoon ),서민성 ( Min-seong Seo ),이슬기 ( Seul-kee Lee ),한영립 ( Young-rip Han ),성낙창 ( Nak-chang Sung ),정진희 ( Jin-hee Jung ) 한국환경기술학회 2015 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.16 No.5

본 연구는 국제해사기구(IMO)에서 채택한 MEPC. 227(64)의 기준에 부합하는 선박용 오수처리장치를 개발함에 있어 SBR 공법을 적용한 고도수처리장치에 MBR 복합 적용에 따른 SBR 반응조 침전시간 제거 가능성을 평가하는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 실험 중 10분 간격으로 DO를 측정하였으며 최종 유출수의 T-N 농도를 측정하여 유입수 대비 유출수의 제거율을 구하였다. 원수는 실험을 위해 제작된 화장실에서 배출된 오수를 이용하였으며 SBR 반응조의 경우 폭기 360분, 교반 120분으로 진행되었으며 침전시간은 생략하였다. 반응조의 MLSS 농도는 3,500 mg/L 이고, 폭기량은 121 L/min이며 생산수량은 1.2 L/min으로 진행되었다. 실험 결과 DO는 폭기 상태에서 최대 4.33 mg/L, 교반 중 무산소 상태에서 0.27 mg/L로 나타났으며 T-N의 유입수 대비 유출수 평균 제거율은 71.78%로 나타났다. 이는 MEPC. 227(64)의 기준(70% 제거율)을 달성한 것으로, 따라서 SBR 공법에서 MBR을 복합 적용 시 SBR 반응조의 침전시간을 제거하는 것이 가능하다고 판단된다. The objective of this study was evaluation of possibility for deleting sedimentation at an advanced wastewater treatment plant for shipboard that can satisfy the standards of IMO MEPC. 227(64). DO was measured at 10 minute intervals during the experiment and removal efficiency was determined by measuring the T-N concentration in the effluent water. Raw water was supplied from the toilet built for experiment. SBR process was conducted with aeration 360 mins, mixing 120 mins and settling period was omitted. This experiment was conducted with MLSS concentration, 3,500 mg/L, amount of air supplied 121 L/min and intake treated water 1.2 L/min. Average of DO in the aeration period and in the anoxic period were 4.33 mg/L and 0.17 mg/L respectively. And average removal efficiency of T-N is 71.78%. This research can achieve the MEPC. 227(64). Therefore, it is possible to delete sedimentation process in SBR reactor when SBR process is connected with MBR process.