A review on electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO: Ag-based electrocatalyst and cell configuration for industrial application

Mohd Zafar Iqbal,Shahla Imteyaz,Chandan Ghanty,Santanu Sarkar 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.113 No.-

The current review discusses the recent advances in Ag-based electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic conversionof CO2 to CO. The comparable electrocatalytic activity, stability, and lower cost of the Ag-based catalystswith that of Au- and Pd-based catalysts make the former commercially more viable for theelectrochemical CO2 conversion to CO. The challenges associated with the electrochemical CO productionare discussed. The impacts of the surface composition, surface area, particle size, porosity, lattice edge,crystal plane, and the defects on the catalytic activity of the electrocatalyst are also reviewed. CO2 electrolysers,especially the membrane electrode assembly (MEA)-based electrolyser and its constituents, aredescribed. The infrastructure of the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) and development thereof was foundcritical for the microenvironment of the liquid–gas interface near the catalyst surface in a GDE-based systemto sustain a higher activity over a period of time still remains a challenge. Hence, pathways to cautiouslyproduce benchmark GDEs are discoursed. The role of different ion-exchange membranes and theassociated challenges are reviewed. In the end, perspectives on catalyst design and the electrochemicalCO2 reduction (eCO2R) to CO process are given to assist in further improving the electrocatalyticefficiency.

Surface Texturing for Low Friction Mechanical Components

Iqbal, K. Y. Mohd,Segu, D. Z.,Pyung, H.,Kim, J. H.,Kim, S. S. Korean Tribology Society 2015 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.4 No.1

Laser surface texturing (LST), a surface engineering modification, has been considered as one of the new processes used to improve tribological characteristics of materials by creating artificially patterned microstructure on the contact surface of mechanical components. In LST technology, the laser is optimized to obtain or manufacture the dimples with maximum precision. The micro-dimples reduce the coefficients of friction and also improve the wear resistance of materials. This study investigates the effect of dimple density is investigated. For this purpose, a ball-on-disc type tester is used with AISI 52100 bearing steel as the test material. Discs are textured with a 5% and 10% dimple density. Experimental work is performed with normal loads of 5 N, 10 N, and 15 N under a fixed speed of 150 rpm at room temperature. The effect of the textured surface is compared to that of the untextured one. Experimental results show that the textured surface yields lower friction coefficients compared to those of untextured surfaces. Specifically, the 10% dimple density textured surface shows better friction reduction behavior than the 5% dimple density textured sample, and has an 18% improvement in friction reduction compared with the untextured samples. Microscopic observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that the major friction mechanisms of the AISI 52100 bearing steel are adhesion, plastic deformation, and ploughing.

Surface Texturing for Low Friction Mechanical Components

K. Y. Mohd Iqbal,D. Z. Segu,H. Pyung,J. H. Kim,S. S. Kim 한국트라이볼로지학회 2015 한국트라이볼로지학회지 (Tribol. Lubr.) Vol.31 No.6

Laser surface texturing (LST), a surface engineering modification, has been considered as one of the new processes used to improve tribological characteristics of materials by creating artificially patterned microstructure on the contact surface of mechanical components. In LST technology, the laser is optimized to obtain or manufacture the dimples with maximum precision. The micro-dimples reduce the coefficients of friction and also improve the wear resistance of materials. This study investigates the effect of dimple density is investigated. For this purpose, a ball-on-disc type tester is used with AISI 52100 bearing steel as the test material. Discs are textured with a 5% and 10% dimple density. Experimental work is performed with normal loads of 5 N, 10 N, and 15 N under a fixed speed of 150 rpm at room temperature. The effect of the textured surface is compared to that of the untextured one. Experimental results show that the textured surface yields lower friction coefficients compared to those of untextured surfaces. Specifically, the 10% dimple density textured surface shows better friction reduction behavior than the 5% dimple density textured sample, and has an 18% improvement in friction reduction compared with the untextured samples. Microscopic observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that the major friction mechanisms of the AISI 52100 bearing steel are adhesion, plastic deformation, and ploughing.

Unveiling the performance of hydrothermally synthesized transition metal sulfide with polyaniline composite for hybrid supercapacitor applications

Iqbal Muhammad Zahir,Ullah Akhtar,Aziz Umer,Asif Muhammad,Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad,Ansari Mohd Zahid 한국물리학회 2023 Current Applied Physics Vol.52 No.-

Hybrid supercapacitors (SCs) have acquired astonishing features and being recognized as prospective energy storage devices for energy applications. Herein this work, we describe the hydrothermal synthesis of cobalt sulfide and the polymerization of aniline to prepare polyaniline (PANI). Initially, each electrode was tested in three electrode setup in which the CoS/PANI composite showed high electrochemical performance compared to pristine sample. Furthermore, CoS/PANI was studied along with activated carbon (AC) to explore the hybrid SCs application of the prepared composite. In two electrode arrangement, the hybrid device has achieved a remarkable Qs of 123.6 C g-1 at 0.2 A g-1, energy 29.2 Wh kg-1 as well as high specific power 1275 W kg-1. The hybrid SCs also displayed a maximum capacity retain value of 86.4% after 5000 GCD cycles. These results show that the CoS/PANI can be utilized as a best electrode material for the contemporary energy storage devices.

An Application of Danger Theory to Immunological Model of Distributed Detection and Process Homeostasis

Anjum Iqbal,Mohd. Aizaini Bin Maarof 대한전자공학회 2003 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2003 No.7

The US-India Interactions to Russia-Ukraine War

Badar Alam Iqbal,Mohd. Nayyer Rahman 이준국제법연구원 2023 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.16 No.2

Since Russia-Ukraine war, India and the United States has enhanced their cooperation as evidenced by the recent engagements. Multiple meetings by officials and leaders including two Quad and 2+2 dialogue summits, have provided a clear stance on each country’s perspective on the recent conflict. The US-India dispute regarding Russia-Ukraine war demonstrates that it is a stress test for the US-India ties, as well as a test of the US leadership in the global politics. The balancing act required to settle the differences between the two countries will have implications for the Indo-Pacific region as well as global security, even though the disagreements are not yet mutually incompatible. Strengthening ties with the US is now a tightrope walk for India. While there are differences between the two countries in Ukraine, the real challenge is turning these differences into opportunities. The paper deals with the different issues arising from the Russia and Ukraine conflict in the context of US-India interface.

Impact of urbanization on land use/ land cover of Dudhganga watershed of Kashmir Valley, India

Haroon Sajjad,Mohd Iqbal 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2012 도시과학국제저널 Vol.16 No.3

The rapid rate of urban expansion due to a rise in population and economic growth is causing land use/land cover changes in fringe areas of Srinagar city especially in the Dudhganga watershed. This paper analyzes land use/land cover changes that occurred due to urban expansion and points out the major impact of urbanization on landscape through multi-temporal Landsat satellite data (1991and 2010) of the Dudhganga watershed. In order to assess the pattern of urbanization, land consumption ratio (LCR) and land absorption coefficient (LAC) have been estimated. The results revealed that throughout the period of 1991–2010, the amount of built up area has increased dramatically whereas the area under agriculture has decreased drastically. The built-up area has experienced an increase of 5056 hectares while the area under agriculture has witnessed a decrease of 3241 hectares. The values of land consumption ratio and land absorption coefficient reveal remarkable changes at both spatial and temporal scales. The lower reaches of the watershed are becoming urbanized due to the outer growth of Srinagar city at the cost of prime agricultural land. Serious environmental problems have cropped up as a result of rapid urban development. If the present trend continues it will lead to severe degradation of natural resources of the watershed, hence it calls for a proper land use policy.

The Synergistic Effects of Different Types of Hybridized Synthetic Fibers on Concrete Post-Crack Residual Strength

S. M. Iqbal S. Zainal,Farzad Hejazi,Farah Nora Aznieta Abd. Aziz,Mohd Saleh Jaafar 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.1

The use of fibers in cement composites has been shown to improve the mechanical properties of concrete through the fiber-bridging effect, which implies the fiber’s crack-resisting property. Additionally, the combination of two or more different fibers in the concrete mixture yielded better strength than the individual fibers due to its more versatile applications. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the combination of multiple synthetic fibers to improve the concrete residual strength and evaluate the hybridization synergistic effect. Ferro macro-sized fiber (FF) as the primary load-bearing fiber and four different secondary synthetic microfibers comprising Ultra-Net (UN), Super-Net (SN), Econo-Net (EN), and Nylo-Mono (NM) were utilized to develop a total of 16 hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HyFRC) combinations and the performance were compared against their single-fiber counterpart. The tensile strength, bonding power, physical form, length, and volume fraction of the fibers were measured under the ASTM C1399 test standard in order to calculate the average residual strength (ARS) of concrete in the post-cracking region as well as to assess the synergistic effect of the fiber combination. The results recorded positive fiber synergy for all specimens tested. In addition, the Ferro-Nylo, Ferro-Super, Ferro-Econo, and Ferro-Ultra hybrids improved the ARS compared to the controlled specimens by 20.41, 10.2, 7.48, and 6.12%, respectively.

Trade Relations among the BRICS Countries: An Indian Perspective

Badar Alam Iqbal,Arti Yadav,Mohd. Nayyer Rahman 이준국제법연구원 2023 China and WTO Review Vol.9 No.2

BRICS and India in the Light of Russia-Ukraine Crisis: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities

Badar Alam Iqbal,Mohd. Nayyer Rahman 이준국제법연구원 2023 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.16 No.1

There is no doubt that the BRICS countries established in 2000-01, have already made their mark on the international stage. Increasing relations among BRICS countries with less developed nations through south-south cooperation, especially, China, India, and Russia and with least developed countries are of significant importance. BRICS has been the forerunner of cooperation, collaboration and reformation of the present international governance structure and to move towards multilateralism. Over the years, BRICS has become a platform of, and for the developing countries. The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has created divisions in the world, impacting diplomatic relations that BRICS needs to address. The fact that Russia is the member of BRICS makes things complicated and new challenges has emerged for the bloc to take necessary actions and policy considerations. The article examines the challenges and opportunities for BRICS (as a bloc) amid Russia-Ukraine conflict in a post pandemic world.