정약용 추서론(推恕論)의 철학적 함의-자수(自修)와 치인(治人)의 관계를 통해 본 다산의 서(恕) 이해

백민정 ( Baek¸ Minjung ) 고려대학교 철학연구소 2021 철학연구 Vol.- No.64

이 글은 다산 정약용 推恕論의 철학적 함의를 분석한 것이다. 선행연구에서 주희의 忠恕論과 다산의 관점을 비교한 경우가 있지만 해명되지 못한 쟁점들이 있다고 보고 이 점을 다산 관점에서 재조명한다. 다산은 恕의 두 층위를 推恕와 容恕로 구분하는 한편 추서를 엄격한 自修와 상대에 대한 섬김[事人]으로서의 治人의 두 차원에서 상보적으로 해명했다. 또한 推恕를 위한 전제로서 自修하는 자의 好惡의 성격, 올바른 호오를 얻기 위한 방법에 대해서도 숙고한다. 다산의 추서론을 통해 恕의 행위준칙이 윤리적 즐거움과 쾌감에 기여하며 덕 윤리에 공명하는 것임을 밝힌다. The purpose of this study lies in analyzing the philosophical implications of Jeong Yagyong’s 丁若鏞 (1762-1836; pen name: Dasan 茶山) theory of inferential sympathetic consideration 推恕論. His theory of inferential sympathetic consideration basically focuses not on acts of governing others 治人 but on efforts at self-cultivation. In comparison, Zhu Xi’s 朱熹 (1130-1200) concept of sympathetic consideration 恕 clearly paid attention to others with whom one formed relationships rather than to oneself and urged changes in others. Jeong focused all responsibilities and efforts for inferential sympathetic consideration on the self, the subject. It is because he understood even 治人 as a process for completing the subject’s self-cultivation. This, in turn, stemmed from his understanding of the meaning of governance over others as serving others 事人. For Dasan, governance over others was an extension of inferential sympathetic consideration as self-cultivation, and faithfulness to inferential sympathetic consideration could be secured only through training in governance over others that served them. In contrast, to him, Zhu’s concept of sympathetic consideration was not strict self-cultivation but consisted of acts of governing others, and lenient responses in accordance with others’ abilities ultimately failed to overcome abuses caused by excessive accommodation of sympathetic consideration 容恕. Dasan also pondered on desirable likes and dislikes 好惡 that were indispensably demanded for the praxis of sympathetic consideration. In his view, one’s likes and dislikes, rather than being inherent, came to be clearly perceived by oneself through experiences repeated in ethical human relationships with those whom one had social intercourse with. Consequently, when one bestowed on others after distinguishing between what one did and did not wish for, one’s likes and dislikes as hypothesized by Dasan ultimately could be understood as originating from one’s previous relationships with others. In this respect, Dasan’s understanding of sympathetic consideration reflected important philosophical reflections on issues such as humans’ inevitable interrelationality and alterity and the experientiality of ethical desires. Sympathetic consideration, which Dasan stressed as a Confucian, was not simply a code of conduct based on reciprocity or bilateral contracts. It consisted of neither an attitude of dealing with others in a self-interested and calculating manner in order to avoid damages or losses or to obtain profits nor preemptive efforts in order to avoid what one disliked. In this respect, an attitude based on sympathetic consideration was distant from the Western attitude of tolerance, which is basically based on contractual relationships. The logic of inferential sympathetic consideration presumes continued interest and affection for the application of one’s treasured ethical values to others. Another significant aspect of Dasan’s theory of inferential sympathetic consideration is that he acknowledged others as beings coexisting with oneself and highly esteemed their status as beings indispensable to one’s ethical completion. Also highly commendable is the fact that he did not consider others as objects of enlightenment or education. It is because, to him, others were beings who make possible one’s ethical completion.

ASMR MARKETING IN FASHION BRANDS USING EMOTIONAL COMMITMENT AND NOSTALGIA

Minjung Baek,Hyeonju Jang,Heeju Chae 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Recently, as the development of media contents accelerated, auditory-based contents, especially ASMR, has been taking center stage in its field than visual-based contents. They are meaningful in a way that they are alternative contents that suggest a new space and possibility through aural stimulation, getting out from the boundary of excessive visual stimulation of existing media. According to Jang, Park, & Lyou (2016), ASMR is originally the abbreviation of a medical term, ‘Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response’. However in 2010, Jennifer Allen for the first time presented the definition that ‘ASMR is a specific sound that gives pleasure', and recently it is used as a coined word among young people rather than medical terminology (Jang, Park,& Lyou, 2016). Consumers listen to ASMR for stress relief, psychological stabilization, and relaxation through repeated, constant sound triggers (Zhang, 2015). The triggers used in ASMR marketing draw a stronger commitment within the consumers, by accompanying visual stimuli consistent with auditory stimuli (Sim, 2014). As reported by Hong (2017), commitment is a state of sensorial arousal when a person is totally lost in something and among all affective commitment relieves stress and enhances enjoyment; therefore raises quality of life and helps to live a rich life (Hong, 2017). This shows that there is a close relationship between satisfaction and enjoyment about experiences of ASMR content that leads to commitment, and such phenomenon creates a state of immersion that collapses the distinction between consumers’ past, present and future. Throughout the process, consumers meet the chance to recall the familiar sound that they have experienced in the past, and therefore remind of nostalgia on it (Zhang, 2015). Belk (1990), within the view of marketing, referred to the conceptual definition of nostalgia as a kind of longing atmosphere promoted by sensory stimuli such as scene, smell, and music. Zhang (2015) says that one of the important factors that cause nostalgia is sound, and one calls of the past through a specific sound which is an external stimulus – ASMR is included in it. Consumers can acquire prior knowledge of the brand while enjoying ASMR contents, and they can even have indirect experiences without having direct experiences of actually purchasing or wearing products. This helps to inspire the expertise of the product, and also plays a role in shaping positive consumption emotion such as pleasure and sensibility (Yang, 2016). Fashion products, especially, are more sensible than general consumer goods and due to excessive diversity of products, rational and deliberate purchasing rarely happen. Thus, consumers can build positive brand equity through ASMR marketing by learning specialized knowledge about products that could not be obtained from other marketing. In this study, we propose the new compound word ‘ASMR marketing,’ which combines marketing with the definition of ASMR of the coined term. Electronic word of mouth(EWOM) by ASMR marketing is a process in which the consumers communicate about product information and usage in the online community without the intervention of the seller. Through the characteristics of electronic word of mouth and ASMR, it is easy to infiltrate into daily life of the consumers and easily imprint the individuality of the brand to them (Wang, 2015). Although ASMR appears in ads of HeatTech and AIRism of UNIQLO, a fashion brand, ASMR triggers are not used as a background music and narration. In fashion industry, the use of sounds from the production process of fashion products, or the sounds that occur when wearing them, highlights professionalism and stimulates nostalgia by attracting consumers' emotional commitment. In addition, when ASMR marketing is applied to a luxury brand rather than SPA brand, expertise can be emphasized more effectively. ASMR has been spreading like a fashion in recent years, and marketing of ASMR in fashion brands has not yet been researched actively. The purposes of this study are: first, to analyze significant meaning and value of ASMR in auditory sense field in modern days; second, to identify the characteristics of ASMR marketing through emotional commitment and nostalgia; third, to investigate the effect of ASMR marketing on consumers. Although ASMR, therefore, is used only as a mitigation tool in medical field, this study combines media and marketing with ASMR, suggests it as a tool to enhance the profitability and brand equity of fashion brand. This study would help shape the trend of new culture by collaborating ASMR marketing with fashion brand. Furthermore, a cornerstone of related research can be established by presenting a causal relationship that emotional commitment affects nostalgia and brand equity. This study will be able to offer fashion companies diverse ways to establish ASMR marketing strategy.

창업 교육 역량 강화 프로그램 개발 및 적용 효과

백민정(MinJung Baek),강경균(Kyoung-Kyoon Kang),윤은진(Eunjin Yoon) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.12

이 연구의 목적은 청소년 창업 교육을 위해 교사들의 창업 교육 역량을 강화할 수 있는 교육프로그램을 개발하고 그 적용 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해서 문헌 연구를 통해 교육프로그램을 개발하고 타당성을 위해 전문가들의 검토와 자문을 받았다. 또한, 교사를 위한 창업 프로그램의 현장 적합성을 검증하기 위해 창업교육 연수프로그램에 참여한 교사를 대상으로 시범 적용하였으며, 이에 대한 만족도를 조사하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교사창업 교육 역량 강화 프로그램을 위하여 교육 내용과 교육 방법은 온라인 교육 4시간, 오프라인 교육 26시간으로 총 30시간의 창업 교육 역량 강화 프로그램으로 개발하였다. 둘째, 창업 교육 역량 강화 프로그램의 현장 적합성 검증 및 적용 효과를 위하여 창업 교육 역량 강화 연수에 참여한 교사 88명을 대상으로 만족도 설문 조사 결과, ‘교육과정 편성의 적합도(M=4.58)’, ‘수업 내용의 유익함(M=4.67)’으로 프로그램 및 교육 내용에 대하여 매우 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to develop a training program for teachers to improve their entrepreneurial education competency for teenager entrepreneurship education. In order to achieve this objective, the training program was developed through a literature review and input from professionals. In addition, to verify field appropriateness of the entrepreneurship program for teachers, teachers participated in the program and a satisfaction survey was conducted. Results of this study are as follows. First, this study developed teaching contents and methods for entrepreneurship education which included 4 hours of online education and 26 hours of off-line education, for a total of 30 hours. Second, for verifying the applicability to schools and its effects, the satisfaction of training was examined using 88 teachers that participated in the entrepreneurship education program. Results found the satisfaction level was rated 4.58 for the curriculum suitability and 4.67 for the effectiveness of class contents, indicating that teachers were very satisfied with the training program and contents.

중학생의 진로정체감 지위 유형에 따른 진로개발역량의 차이 분석 : 잠재계층분석을 중심으로

백민정(MinJung Baek),성은모(Eunmo Sung),권경아(KyungA Kwon),유홍열(HongYeol Ryu) 한국직업교육학회 2020 職業 敎育 硏究 Vol.39 No.5

청소년기의 다양한 진로 탐색 활동과 체험을 바탕으로 자신의 미래에 대한 설계를 할 수 있는 역량을 함양시켜 올바르고 긍정적인 정체감을 확립시키는 것은 개인의 행동과 미래를 결정하는 필수적인 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 우리나라 중학생들의 진로정체감 지위를 분류하고 지위에 따라 진로개발역량에 차이가 있는지를 확인하였다. 중학생의 진로정체감 지위 분석을 위해 잠재계층분석(Latent Class Analysis: LCA)을 실시하였으며, 진로개발역량의 차이 분석을 위해 변량분석(ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 연구대상은 진로캠프교육에 참여한 628명의 전국 중학생이다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 잠재계층분석에 의한 중학생의 진로정체감 지위는 유실, 혼미, 성취, 유예의 4개의 집단 유형으로 분류되었다. 중학생의 진로정체감 지위의 비율은 혼미(36.8%). 성취(28.8%), 유예(18.9%). 유실(15.5%) 유형으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로정체감 지위에 다른 진로개발역량의 차이를 분석한 결과 중학생의 진로정체감 지위에 따라 진로개발역량은 성취와 유예지위가 동질한 성격을 가지고 있는 집단으로 분류되어 가장 높게 나타났으며, 그 다음 유실지위가 높고, 마지막으로 혼미지위가 가장 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구결과를 바탕으로 중학생의 진로정체감 지위 특성에 따라 이론적 실천적 논의를 하였고, 향후 중학생의 진로정체감 관련 위한 교육적 노력에 대한 몇 가지 방향성과 시사점을 제시하였다. This research was performed to classify the vocational identity status of middle school students and to examine the difference of the career development competency according to the vocational identity status. The subjects of the study were 628 middle school students and the vocational identity status of the subjects was analyzed using the Latent Class Analysis(LCA). Then, ANOVA was used to see the difference of their development competency. The results of this study were as follows. First, vocational identity status of the middle school students was classified into four groups: ‘diffusion(36.8%)’, ‘achievement(28.8%)’, ‘moratorium(18.9%)’, and ‘foreclosure(15.5%)’. Second, career development competency of the groups related to vocational identity statuses was significantly different. The career development competency highly showed in the group of achievement and moratorium, followed by foreclosure, and diffusion. Based on the results, theoretical and practical implication of the study and the direction for career education program related to vocational identity of middle school students were discussed.

청소년의 미래진로프로그램 개발 및 적용 효과

백민정(Minjung Baek),강경균(Kyoung-Kyoon Kang) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 청소년이 미래를 예측하고 미래의 문제를 풀어낼 미래의 대안들을 탐색하며, 자신이 원하고 바라는 미래사회의 모습을 찾고, 그 사회에서 자신이 실현할 미래의 직업을 발견하거나 창조하는 미래진로프로그램을 개발하고, 그 효과를 알아보는 것이다. 그 결과, 청소년 미래진로프로그램은 미래이해, 미래참여, 미래의 나, 미래경영으로 총 4 모듈을 개발하였다. 개발된 미래진로프로그램의 적용 효과를 알아보기 위하여 K대학의 영재교육원의 학생 93명을 대상으로 사전-사후 실험 연구를 진행하였다. 청소년의 미래진로프로그램에는 남학생 62명, 여학생 31명, 중학생 62명, 고등학생 31명이 참여하였다. 분석결과 전반적으로 청소년의 미래효능감이 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(t=7.810, p<.001). 결과적으로 청소년 미래진로프로그램에 참여한 청소년은 평소에 의문을 갖고 문제에 대해 분석하고, 자신에 대하여 성찰하며, 자신이 살고 있는 지역의 문제에 관심을 갖게 되는 등 생활에 있어 새로운 의미를 생성하는 능력이 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 배움을 통해 새로운 것을 깨달아 현실에 적용하고, 배우면서 비판적인 사고 능력을 기르며, 배운 것을 잘 활용하는 실천력이 향상되었다. 또한, 사회를 개선하는 데 참여하는 사회 개선력이 높아졌으며, 자신을 타인에게 솔직하게 이야기하고 약점을 인정하며, 다른 사람들을 통해 새로운 것을 찾거나 만드는 의사소통능력이 향상된 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to develop a Youth Future Career Program for adolescents and to look into the effects of the program on the future efficacy. Through the program, adolescents would predict the future, explore alternative futures to solve future problems, find the shape of the future society they want and desire. In addition, they will discover or create future jobs. In this study, the Youth Future Career Program was developed into four modules: Future Understanding, Future Participation, Future-self, and Future Management. Ninety-three students in K University"s Gifted Education Center participated in the Future Career Program (62 males and 31 females, 62 middle school students, and 31 high school students). The students responded to 14 questions about the future efficacy of the Youth before and after the program. Statistically significant differences were observed in 8 out of 14 questions (p<.05). In particular, the abilities of the participants were improved as follows: to apply newly learned things to society, to evaluate the current problems, to develop critical thinking to solve the problem, and to communicate with members of society.

비대면 팀 프로젝트 학습에서 온라인 학습준비도, 창의적 자기효능감, 사회적 실재감과 교육성과의 구조적 관계

백민정(MinJung Baek),김범석(Beomseok Kim),한윤영(Yun-Young Han) 한국영재학회 2023 영재교육연구 Vol.33 No.2

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Study on Establishment of National Standard Material for Recombinant Biotherapeutic product

JoungHee BAEK,Jihye YOO,Minjung KIM,Ho KIM,Soyoung KANG,kidae PARK,JunHo EUM,Chiyoung AHN 한국생물공학회 2018 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.4

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의료 서비스의 실패 상황에서 서비스 회복 보상과 진정성이 서비스 이용 행동에 미치는 영향

강민정 ( Kang Minjung ),한상린 ( Han Sang-lin ),백민선 ( Baek Min Seon ) 한국소비자학회 2019 소비자학연구 Vol.30 No.6

본 연구는 의료 서비스의 실패 상황에서 의료 서비스 제공자가 제시하는 서비스 회복 보상과 진정성이 서비스 이용자의 이용 행동에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 의료 서비스는 고객의 건강 및 생명과 직접적인 관련이 되어 전문적인 서비스 수행이 필요하며, 고객은 서비스 실패 시 심각성을 크게 느낄 것이다. 그리고 서비스가 고객의 신체를 통해 이루어지기 때문에 서비스 제공자와의 접촉 빈도가 매우 높고, 고객은 서비스 제공자의 진정성에 대해 민감하게 느낄 것이다. 또한 고객의 건강 및 질병의 수준에 따라 서비스 제공자에 대한 의존도가 높아질 것이다. 이로 인해 다른 환대 서비스와는 달리 서비스 실패 시 서비스 회복 보상에 대한 선호와 서비스 제공자의 진정성에 대해 어떻게 인식하는가에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 판단하여 본 연구를 진행하였다. 분석결과 서비스 회복 노력 중 사과 및 자세한 설명만 몰입(감정적, 계산적, 규범적 몰입)에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 서비스 제공자의 진정성은 고객지향적 진정성만이 몰입(감정적, 계산적, 규범적 몰입)에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 이론적인 관점의 시사점은 첫째, 서비스 실패 시 의료 서비스 기관에서 제공하는 서비스 회복 보상과 의료 서비스 제공자의 진정성 중 고객의 장기적인 거래 관계를 형성하는데 중요한 변수를 찾아냈다는 점이다. 둘째, 조사 대상을 다른 의료 서비스 연구에서 주로 볼 수 있는 서비스 접점에서 실패(예약, 대기 시간이 길어짐 등)가 아닌 의료 시술 및 수술을 받은 후 실패를 경험한 고객을 선정하였다는 점은 의료 서비스논문에서의 기여점이라고 볼 수 있다. 실무적 관점에서의 시사점은 의료기관에게 의료서비스 실패를 경험한 고객에게 제공해야할 마케팅 전략을 도출하였다는 점이다. The rapidly aging population, rising income levels and growing interest in well-being are changing the perception of quality of life, healthy life, and the importance of the medical service industry. As a result, market of medical service becomes more competitive. The independent variables consist of the monetary reward, the apologies and the details of explanation as a sub-directional variables. The authenticity is composed of 3 dimensions including service provider, service process, and customer-orientation. The intermediate variable is the commitment which has been reviewed by affect, continuity, a normative approach. It was selected the repurchase intention and the word of mouth as the sub-ordination variable. The definition of the failure for medical service meant dissatisfaction after the surgery or the treatment. The research has been executed toward the person who felt dissatisfaction after medical service. From the theoretical point of view of this study, the hypothesis test showed that only apology and detailed explanations among the sub-directional of service recovery efforts had positive effects on commitment(affective, continuous, normative commitment). In addition, only customeroriented authenticity, a subparameter of authenticity, has a positive effect on commitment (affective, continuous, normative commitment). The normative commitment effects on the verbal intention in the aspect of positive, the intention of verbal is supposed to effect on the intention of re-using significantly. The practical view of this study has been that apologies and detailed explanations are important recovery rewards for service customers who experience medical service failures during marketing activities to attract customers of the medical institution. It also suggests that customer-oriented authenticity rather than authenticity of service personnel or service processes is a key factor in the long-term relationship that can be shaped by the customer's desire to find and provide what services they need.