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CHOI, Eunju,KO, Hyeyeon,SHIN, Jihye,KIM, Mi-Ae,SOHN, Young Chang Blackwell Science Pty 2005 Fisheries science Vol.71 No.6
<P>ABSTRACT: </P><P>Manchurian trout <I>Brachymystax lenok</I> is an endangered fish species in East Asia including the Korean peninsula. To establish a method for artificial propagation and to improve our understanding of reproduction in the species, cloning of the pituitary gonadotropin (GTH) subunit cDNAs encoding the Manchurian trout gonadotropin common α (mtGTHα), follicle-stimulating hormone &bgr; (mtFSH&bgr;), and luteinizing hormone &bgr; (mtLH&bgr;) by polymerase chain reaction, were attempted. The open reading frames of the mtGTHα, mtFSH&bgr;, and mtLH&bgr; encoded 114, 137, and 142 amino acid residues, respectively. The mature peptides showed strikingly high sequence identities to those of salmonid species GTHα2, FSH&bgr;, and LH&bgr; subunits (92–100%). In an examination of tissue distribution of the mtGTHα, mtFSH&bgr;, and mtLH&bgr;, it was revealed that all of the three subunit genes are specifically expressed in the pituitary by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis. Next, single-chain recombinant FSH and LH constructs using the mtGTHα, mtFSH&bgr;, and mtLH&bgr; cDNAs were produced. In a transient transfection of the FSH and LH constructs into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells followed by Western blot analysis, the tethered FSH in cell lysates or LH secreted into a medium was detected from 48 to 72 h after transfection. The present study provides a possibility of bioactive GTH production for studies on the reproductive physiology of GTH in the Manchurian trout.</P>
AKT1-targeted proapoptotic activity of compound K in human breast cancer cells
Eunju Choi,Eunji Kim,김지혜,Keejung Yoon,Sunggyu Kim,Jongsung Lee,Jae Youl Cho 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4
Background: Breast cancer is a severe disease and the second leading cause of cancer death in womenworldwide. To surmount this, various diagnosis and treatment options for breast cancer have beendeveloped. One of the most effective strategies for cancer treatment is to induce apoptosis using naturallyoccurring compounds. Compound K (CK) is a ginseng saponin metabolite generated by humanintestinal bacteria. CK has been studied for its cardioprotective, antiinflammatory, and liver-protectiveeffects; however, the role of CK in breast cancer is not fully understood. Methods: To investigate the anticancer effects of CK in SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells, cell viability assaysand flow cytometry analysis were used. In addition, the direct targets of CK anticancer activity wereidentified using immunoblotting analysis and overexpression experiments. Invasion, migration, andclonogenic assays were carried out to determine the effects of CK on cancer metastasis. Results: CK-induced cell apoptosis in SKBR3 cells as determined through 3-(4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V staining, and morphologicalchanges. CK increased the cleaved forms of caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9, whereas the expressionof Bcl-2 was reduced by CK. In assays probing the cell survival pathway, CK activated only AKT1 and notAKT2. Moreover, CK inhibited breast cancer cell invasion, migration, and colony formation. Throughregulation of AKT1 activity, CK exerts anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CK could be used as a therapeutic compound for breast cancer.
Choi, Eunju,Kim, Mi-Yeon,Cho, Jae Youl Elsevier Ireland Ltd 2019 Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol.238 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Ethnopharmacological relevance</B></P> <P> <I>Canarium subulatum</I> Guillaumin is an herbal medicinal plant native to Southeast Asia. Ethnopharmacological evidence suggests that plants of the genus <I>Canarium</I> cure a variety of inflammatory diseases.</P> <P><B>Aim of the study</B></P> <P>The pharmacological mechanisms of <I>C. subulatum</I> Guillaumin remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate inflammatory mechanisms and target molecules using <I>C. subulatum</I> Guillaumin methanol extract (Cs-ME) in inflammatory reactions managed by macrophages.</P> <P><B>Materials and methods</B></P> <P>To identify the anti-inflammatory activities of Cs-ME, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and a murine HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis model were chosen. The luciferase reporter gene assay, Western blot analysis, overexpression strategy, and the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) were employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and target enzymes of Cs-ME. The active ingredients of this extract were also determined by HPLC.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Released levels of nitric oxide (NO) and mRNA expression levels of iNOS and IL-6 were downregulated by Cs-ME without exhibiting cytotoxicity. This extract inhibited MyD88-induced promoter activity and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Moreover, we found that Cs-ME reduced the phosphorylation of NF-κB upstream signaling molecules including IκBα, IKKα/β, Src, and Syk in LPS-stimulated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. The results of Western blot and CETSA confirmed that Src and Syk are anti-inflammatory targets of Cs-ME. In addition, orally injected Cs-ME alleviated HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcers in mice. HPLC analysis indicated that quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol are major active components of this extract with anti-inflammatory activity.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Cs-ME exhibits anti-inflammatory effects <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> by targeting Src and Syk in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Consequently, Cs-ME could be developed as an anti-inflammatory herbal medicine.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
AKT1-targeted proapoptotic activity of compound K in human breast cancer cells
Choi, Eunju,Kim, Eunji,Kim, Ji Hye,Yoon, Keejung,Kim, Sunggyu,Lee, Jongsung,Cho, Jae Youl The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4
Background: Breast cancer is a severe disease and the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. To surmount this, various diagnosis and treatment options for breast cancer have been developed. One of the most effective strategies for cancer treatment is to induce apoptosis using naturally occurring compounds. Compound K (CK) is a ginseng saponin metabolite generated by human intestinal bacteria. CK has been studied for its cardioprotective, antiinflammatory, and liver-protective effects; however, the role of CK in breast cancer is not fully understood. Methods: To investigate the anticancer effects of CK in SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells, cell viability assays and flow cytometry analysis were used. In addition, the direct targets of CK anticancer activity were identified using immunoblotting analysis and overexpression experiments. Invasion, migration, and clonogenic assays were carried out to determine the effects of CK on cancer metastasis. Results: CK-induced cell apoptosis in SKBR3 cells as determined through 3-(4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V staining, and morphological changes. CK increased the cleaved forms of caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9, whereas the expression of Bcl-2 was reduced by CK. In assays probing the cell survival pathway, CK activated only AKT1 and not AKT2. Moreover, CK inhibited breast cancer cell invasion, migration, and colony formation. Through regulation of AKT1 activity, CK exerts anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CK could be used as a therapeutic compound for breast cancer.
Eunah Choi,Eunju Ko,Angella J. Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06
This study was designed to investigate luxury brand co-value creation. A mixed method approach was used to 1) identify encounter attributes of value co-creation, consumer value and brand value and 2) examine the relationships among encounter attributes, consumer value, brand value, and purchase intention to explain the process of value co-creation.