장기저장을 위해 제조한 동결건조 산채 블록의 항산화 활성 변화

유진균(Jin-Kyoun You),정미자(Mi-Ja Chung),김대중(Dae-Jung Kim),최면(Myeon Choe) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.12

곰취(Ligularia fischeri, GC), 고추잎(Capsicum annuum L., GCY), 취나물(Aster scaber, CNM), 머위대(Petasites japonicus S. et Z. Max, MYD) 및 고구마순(Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam), GGM)과 같은 산채들의 물 추출물의 항산화 능력을 평가하고 이들 동결건조 블록 물 추출물들의 항산화력과 비교하였다. 산채 물 추출물들과 그들의 동결건조 블록물 추출물들의 항산화력 측정은 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical 소거작용, hydroxyl radical 소거작용 및 아질산염 소거작용과 같은 방법에 의해 알아보았다. 산채 물 추출물은 그들의 동결건조 물 추출물보다 총 페놀함량이 더 높았다. GC, GCY, CNM, MYD 그리고 GGM 물추출물들의 총 페놀 함량은 각각 471.66±3.52 ㎍/㎎, 141.33±2.51 ㎍/㎎, 177.33±2.88 ㎍/㎎, 238.66±9.50 ㎍/㎎ 그리고 122.67±3.51 ㎍/㎎이었다. 1000 ppm GC, GCY, CNM 그리고 GGM 물 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거작용은 그들의 동결건조 블록 물 추출물보다 더 높았고, 1000 ppm CNM, GC, GCY, MYD 그리고 GGM의 물 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거작용은 각각 90.9%, 89.9%, 76.6%, 71.1% 그리고 57.4%였다. 10000 ppm GC, GCY, CNM, MYD 그리고 GGM 물 추출물들은 hydroxyl radical 소거작용을 각각 38.8%, 33.4%, 35.9%, 34.3% 그리고 33.8%까지 증가시켰고, GCY, CNM 그리고 GGM의 물 추출물은 동결건조 블록 물 추출물과 유사한 활성을 나타내었으나 GC와 MYD의 물 추출물이 이들 동결건조 블록들의 물 추출물의 hydroxyl radical 소거작용보다 약간 더 영향력이 있었다. 산채 물 추출물들과 이들 동결건조 블록 물 추출물들은 실험된 모든 농도에서 DPPH radical 소거작용 및 hydroxyl radical 소거작용을 나타내었다. GC 물 추출물의 아질산염 소거작용은 현저하게 농도 의존적으로 증가하였고, GC 물 추출물의 아질산염 소거작용이 그것의 동결건조 블록 물 추출물의 아질산염 소거작용보다 높았다. 이상의 결과들로부터 동결건조블록이 산채와 비교하여 산채가 가지고 있는 항산화력을 유지하고 있다는 것을 알수 있었다. The antioxidant activities of water extracts from wild vegetables such as Ligularia fischeri (GC), Capsicum annuum L. (GCY), Aster scaber (CNM), Petasites japonicus S. et Z. Max (MYD), Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam) (GGM) were evaluated and compared with water extracts from freeze dried block. The antioxidant properties of water extracts from wild vegetables and their freeze dried block were evaluated using different antioxidant tests; 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and nitrite scavenging activities. The water extracts from wild vegetables were found to have a higher total phenolic content than water extracts from freeze dried block. Total phenolic contents of water extracts from GC, GCY, CNM, MYD, and GGM were 471.66±3.52 ㎍/㎎, 141.33±2.51 ㎍/㎎, 177.33±2.88 ㎍/㎎, 238.66±9.50 ㎍/㎎ and 122.67±3.51 μg/mg, respectively. At the concentrations of 1000 ppm, water extracts from GC, GCY, CNM, and GGM showed higher activities than water extracts from their freeze dried block on DPPH radical scavenger activity. The activity of water extracts from CNM, GC, GCY, MYD, and GGM were 90.9%, 89.9%, 76.6%, 71.1%, and 57.4%, respectively. When 10000 ppm of GC, GCY, CNM, MYD, and GGM water extracts tested for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, activities were increased by 38.8%, 33.4%, 35.9%, 34.3%, and 33.8%, respectively and a similar effect was found with water extracts from GCY, CNM, and GGM freeze dried block at 10000 ppm concentration. However, the water extracts from GC and MYD was slightly more effective than freeze dried block extracts. The water extracts from wild vegetables and their freeze dried block had effective DPPH radical scavenger activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at all tested concentrations. Nitrite scavenging activity of GC water extract significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and the extract had higher nitrite scavenging activity than extracts freeze dried block extracts. We found that freeze dried block maintained antioxidant activities of the wild vegetables.

청고추, 쇠비름, 표고버섯의 물 추출물 및 당침액의 항산화 활성 및 ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase Inhibition 활성 비교

이성미,강윤환,김대중,김경곤,임준구,김태우,최면,Lee, Sung Mee,Kang, Yun Hwan,Kim, Dae Jung,Kim, Kyoung Kon,Lim, Jun Gu,Kim, Tae Woo,Choe, Myeon 동아시아식생활학회 2014 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구에서는 최근 건강 관리를 위해 다양하게 상용되고 있는 당침액의 오 남용을 막기 위해 과학적으로 물 추출물과 당침액의 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 일반 물 추출물과 비교하였을 때 당침액의 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 크게 감소하는 것을 확인하였으며, 그에 따라 항산화 활성 또한 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 물 추출물과 비교하여 당침액의 건조 분말에는 설탕 또는 그 분해물들이 많은 부분을 차지하기 때문이라 판단된다. 그러나 혈당강하 효능의 target 효소로 연구되고 있는 ${\alpha}$-amylase 및 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase의 활성을 측정한 결과, 청고추, 쇠비름, 표고버섯의 물 추출물과 당침액은 ${\alpha}$-amylase 억제 활성을 나타내지 않았지만, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 억제 활성은 의약품인 acarbose에는 미치지 못하였으나, 물 추출물에 비해 당침액이 농도 의존적으로 높은 억제 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 세포 독성을 HepG2 cell에서 확인한 결과, 물 추출물과 비교하여 당침액의 독성이 약 1/10 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 민간에서의 믿음처럼 당침액이 물 추출물과 비교하였을 때 모든 부분에서 우수한 기능을 가진다고 할 수 없으며, 활용할 용도에 따라 소재를 물 추출하거나 당침액을 제조하는 등의 가공 과정을 거치는 것이 목표한 기능을 효과적으로 확보하는 방법임을 의미한다. 따라서 민간에서 맹목적으로 믿는 당침액의 효능에 대한 과학적인 연구 접근법은 당침액의 적절한 사용 목적과 방법을 설정하는 기초 자료로 활용이 가능할 것이다. This study was conducted in order to compare the biological activities of water extracts and sugar immersion extracts of green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) by measuring total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects on ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were higher in water extracts than in sugar immersion extracts. The anti-oxidative activities of water and sugar immersion extracts were measured using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assay and reducing power assay. All extracts scavenged radicals in a concentration-dependent manner, and water extracts showed stronger radical scavenging activity and reducing power than sugar immersion extract. However, they all exhibited lower activities than ascorbic acid. Compared to the anti-diabetic drug acarbose, which was used as a positive control, the two types of extracts exhibited low ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities, although the activity of sugar immersion extracts were 2-fold higher than that of water extracts. ${\alpha}$-Amylase inhibitory action was not observed for any of the extracts. Finally, by cytotoxicity test, we confirmed that sugar immersion extracts were safer than water extracts. These results indicate that water extracts and sugar immersion extracts of green pepper, purslane and shiitake have different advantages in terms of their antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects, respectively.

추출 온도 및 시간에 따른 현초 열수 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 활성

성혜미(Hea-Mi Sung),서예슬(Ye-Seul Seo),양은주(Eun Ju Yang) 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.47 No.10

본 연구에서는 현초 열수 추출물의 주요 플라보노이드 성분을 분석하고, 열수 추출 조건에 따른 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 활성을 조사하였다. 현초 열수 추출물의 HPLC 분석결과 quercetin과 kaempferol이 검출되었으며, kaempferol이 가장 함량이 많은 성분으로 확인되었다. 현초를 50°C, 70°C, 90°C의 온도에서 각각 1시간 동안 열수 추출한 후 추출물의 추출 수율, kaempferol 함량, DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능, NO 생성 억제능을 측정하였다. 모든 평가항목에서 90°C 열수 추출물이 유의적으로 우수한 결과를 나타내어, 추출 온도를 90°C로 선정한 다음 추출 시간에 따른 평가를 진행하였다. 90°C에서 각각 1, 2, 3, 4시간 열수 추출한 추출물의 수율은 1시간 추출물의 12.5%에 비해 2시간 이상의 추출에서 16.5~17.0%로 높게 측정되었다. Kaempferol 함량은 2시간 추출에서 1.40 mg/g으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 이후 추출 시간이 증가할수록 감소하여 4시간 추출에서 0.92 mg/g의 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능 측정 결과 12.5 μg/mL의 농도에서 1시간 추출물은 각각 36.4%와 35.4%의 소거능을 나타냈으나, 2시간 추출물은 각각 48.2%와 48.1%의 더 높은 소거능을 나타내었으며, 2~4시간 추출물에서 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. LPS로 NO 생성을 유도한 대식세포에 추출시간에 따른 열수 추출물을 10 μg/mL로 처리하여 NO 생성억제능을 비교한 결과 LPS 처리군에 비해 1시간 추출물은 35%의 억제율을 보였으나, 2~4시간 추출물은 67~68%의 2배 정도 높은 억제율을 나타내었다. 추출시간에 따른 현초 열수 추출물의 항염증 활성을 염증매개인자의 mRNA 발현억제 효과로 비교하였다. 열수 추출물 10 μg/mL의 농도에서 iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6의 mRNA 발현 억제율은 2시간 추출물에서 각각 76%, 66%, 76%, 79%로 가장 높은 억제 효과를 나타내었다. In this study, we investigated major flavonoids in the hot water extract from Geranium thunbergii. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography showed that hot water extract from G. thunbergii contained 2 flavonoids, of which the major one was kaempferol followed by quercetin. Also, G. thunbergii was extracted at different temperatures (50°C, 70°C, and 90°C) and times (1, 2, 3, and 4 h), and the hot water extracts were evaluated for extraction yield, kaempferol content, anti-oxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity. The extraction yield, kaempferol content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity increased as the extraction temperature increased. In the evaluation of the extraction time of G. thunbergii, the content of kaempferol was highest after 2 h of extraction, but the extraction yield, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, as well as the NO inhibitory activity were not different after more than 2 h of extraction. We further investigated the effects of hot water extract from G. thunbergii with different extraction times on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. At 10 μg/mL, hot water extract with an extraction time of 2 h showed the highest decrease in expression of pro-inflammatory genes among hot water extracts with different extraction times. Based on these results, we suggest that the optimum hot water extract conditions of G. thunbergii are 90°C for 2 h and that hot water extract from G. thunbergii has the potential for use as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

가열 추출법과 마이크로웨이브 추출법을 이용한 황금 물 추출물의뇌세포 보호 및 항산화 효과 비교 연구

이동성,고원민,김경수,김동철,윤치수,조광호,최향,오현철,김윤철 한국생약학회 2014 생약학회지 Vol.45 No.1

Microwaves are non-ionizing electromagnetic waves of frequency between 300MHz to 300GHz and positioned between the X-ray and infrared rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. In recent years, the use of microwave for extraction of ingredient from plant material has shown remarkable research interest and potential. Scutellaria radix has been used as a traditional medicine for a variety of diseases. It has been reported to exert beneficial health effects, such as anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and free-radical scavenging. Oxidative stress or the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads neuronal cellular death and dysfunction, and it contributes to neuronal degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. In this study, we aimed to compare the neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of Scutellaria radix extracted by different methods using hot-water extraction (SBE-DW) or microwave extraction (SBE-DW-MW). As a result, we first examined HPLC analysis of hot-water and microwave extracts of Scutellaria radix. The hot-water and microwave extracts of Scutellaria radix showed the discernible difference patterns of HPLC analysis. Microwave-water extracts of Scutellaria radix increased DPPH radical scavenging activity more than hot-water extraction. Microwave-water extracts of Scutellaria radix also showed neuroprotective effects and ROS inhibition against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, but hot-water extraction not showed. In addition, the phosphorylation of MAPKs induced by glutamate insult was prevented by microwave-water extracts of Scutellaria radix. Thus, these results suggested that microwave extraction can be utilized for improving the extraction efficiency and biological activity of Scutellaria radix.

Optical absorption characteristics of brown carbon aerosols during the KORUS-AQ campaign at an urban site

Park, Seungshik,Yu, Geun-Hye,Lee, Sangil Elsevier 2018 Atmospheric research Vol.203 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigates the absorption characteristics of brown carbon (BrC) obtained from water and methanol extracts of fine particulate matter measured at an urban site in Gwangju, Korea during the KOREA U.S. – Air Quality campaign (May 2–June 11, 2016). The measurement period was classified into two intervals: biomass burning (BB) and non-BB periods. During the non-BB period, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and humic-like substances (HULIS) primarily resulted from secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and primary vehicle emissions. Water-soluble organic aerosols during the BB period, meanwhile, were closely related to SOA formation and regionally transported BB emissions.</P> <P>The light absorption coefficient measured at 365nm (b<SUB>abs,365</SUB>) by methanol extracts was 2.6 and 6.1 times higher than the coefficients from the water and HULIS extracts, respectively, indicating the importance of BrC absorption by water-insoluble organic carbon. This was demonstrated by a good correlation between the water-insoluble BrC absorption and the elemental carbon concentration. A comparison of b<SUB>abs,365</SUB> between the methanol- and water-extracted BrC indicated that water-insoluble BrC accounted for approximately 61% (33–86%) of the total BrC absorption. The contributions of SOA, primary BB emissions, and traffic emissions to the water extract b<SUB>abs,365</SUB> were estimated using a stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and found to be 1.17±0.55, 0.65±0.62, and 0.25±0.09Mm<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively, accounting for 59.6, 26.1, and 14.3% of the absorption coefficient by the water-soluble BrC. Further, it was determined that the contribution of the BB emissions to the water-soluble BrC absorption was approximately two times higher in the BB period than in the non-BB period.</P> <P>The average absorption Ångstrӧm exponent was 4.8±0.3, 5.3±0.7, and 6.8±0.8 for the methanol, water, and HULIS extracts, respectively. The average mass absorption efficiency (MAE<SUB>365</SUB>) of methanol extracted BrC was 1.3±0.4m<SUP>2</SUP>/g·C. Water- and HULIS-extracted BrC had a MAE<SUB>365</SUB> of 1.0±0.3 and 0.8±0.3m<SUP>2</SUP>/g·C, respectively. These results suggest that methanol-extracted BrC could provide a better estimation of BrC absorption compared to WSOC and HULIS.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Heterogeneous processes were a dominant contributor to NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>-</SUP> and SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2-</SUP> formation during the non-biomass burning (BB) period. </LI> <LI> Regional transport and high O<SUB>3</SUB> could be important factors for the enhanced NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>-</SUP> and SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2-</SUP> during the BB period. </LI> <LI> Water-soluble organic aerosols were associated with SOA, regionally transported BB, and traffic emissions. </LI> <LI> About 60% of total brown carbon (BrC) absorption comes from water-insoluble BrC. </LI> <LI> Contribution of BB source to water-soluble BrC absorption was two times higher in the BB period than in the non-BB period. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

마치현 열수 및 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성

박소라 ( So-ra Park ),한지우 ( Ji-woo Han ),강지영 ( Ji-young Kang ),길기정 ( Ki-jung Kil ),유지현 ( Ji-hyun Yoo ) 대한본초학회 2017 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to provide basic data about Portulacae Herba (PH) extracts as natural antioxidants by considering diverse antioxidant activities of PH depending on solvents. Methods : The samples of PH were pulverized, and A hot water and a 70% EtOH were stir-extracted for two hours three times repeatedly in a water bath with a temperature of 95 degrees and at room temperature respectively to measure 7 kinds of antioxidant activities. Results : There were significant differences in total phenol content, because the total phenol content of the 70% EtOH extract was higher than the hot water extract`s, and the total flavonoid content of the 70% EtOH extract(4.40 ㎍/㎎) was nearly 3.8 times higher than the hot water extract`s(1.16 ㎍/㎎). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 70% EtOH extract showed a little higher activity than the hot water extract, and at a concentration of 500 ㎍/㎎, the highest scavenging activity was found in the 70% EtOH extract, not in the control group. Hydroxyl radical and Fe²⁺chelatingactivities were slightly higher in hot water extract than in 70% EtOH extract, and increased in a dose-dependent manner. Nitrite scavenging activities increased dose-dependently in the hot water and the 70% EtOH extract, regardless of the pH level, and scavenging activity of the 70% EtOH extract was higher at pH 1.2 than at pH 3.0. Conclusions : In conclusion, it is thought that PH hot water and 70% EtOH extract have antioxidant activities, and can be used as natural antioxidants in future.

동백 꽃 아임계 수 추출물의 항염 및 항산화 활성

김정은,고예린,부석환,강성희,이남호 사단법인 대한화장품학회 2022 대한화장품학회지 Vol.48 No.2

In this study, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant efficacy of camellia subcritical water extracts (SWE, 135 ∼ 180 °C, 70 bar) was compared with 70% ethanol and hot water extracts. Among these extracts, the yield (57.9%) of the subcritical water extract, which was extracted under the condition of 180 °C and 70 bar was the highest, which increased the extraction yield by more than two times compared to the hot water extract (28.1%). The results of the nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition activity experiment using RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed that subcritical water extracts had superior effects in inhibiting the production of NO without cytotoxicity than 70% ethanol and hot water extracts. In addition, DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity experiments showed that the radical scavenging activity of subcritical water extract was similar to that of 70% ethanol and hot water extract. Moreover, the content of gallic acid was determined by HPLC and the quantity was about 1.62 mg/g for the SWE (165 °C, 70 bar), which was the highest among all of the extracts. Based on these results, it is concluded the SWE of C. japonica flowers could be potentially applicable as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative ingredients in cosmetic formulations. 본 연구에서는 동백 꽃 아임계 수 추출물(SWE, 135 ∼ 180 ℃, 70 bar 조건)의 항염 및 항산화 효능을70% 에탄올 및 열수 추출물과 비교 분석하였다. 이들 추출물 중 180 ℃, 70 bar의 조건으로 추출한 아임계수 추출물의 수율(57.9%)이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이는 열수 추출물(28.1%)에 비해서 2배 이상 추출 수율이증가하였다. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)로 자극된 RAW 264.7 대식세포를 이용한 nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제활성 실험 결과, 아임계 수 추출물이 세포 독성 없이 NO의 생성을 저해시키는 효과가 70% 에탄올 및 열수추출물보다 우수함을 확인하였다. 또한 DPPH 및 ABTS+ 라디칼 소거 활성 실험 결과, 아임계 수 추출물의 라디칼소거 활성이 70% 에탄올 및 열수 추출물과 유사하게 나타났다. 동백 꽃의 주성분인 gallic acid의 함량을 HPLC를이용하여 분석한 결과, 아임계 수 추출물(165 ℃, 70 bar)에서 함량이 1.62 mg/g으로 가장 높게 분석되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 바탕으로 동백 꽃 아임계 수 추출물은 항염 및 항산화 효과를 갖는 천연 화장품 소재로써활용이 가능할 것이라 사료된다.

블록 기반의 영상 분할과 수계 경계의 확장을 이용한 수계 검출

예철수 ( Chul-soo Ye ) 대한원격탐사학회 2016 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.32 No.5

This paper presents an extraction method for water body which uses block-based image partitioning and extension of water body boundaries to improve the performance of supervised classification for water body extraction. The Mahalanobis distance image is created by computing the spectral information of Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Near Infrared (NIR) band images over a training site within the water body in order to extract an initial water body area. To reduce the effect of noise contained in the Mahalanobis distance image, we apply mean curvature diffusion to the image, which controls diffusion coefficients based on connectivity strength between adjacent pixels and then extract the initial water body area. After partitioning the extracted water body image into the non-overlapping blocks of same size, we update the water body area using the information of water body belonging to water body boundaries. The update is performed repeatedly under the condition that the statistical distance between water body area belonging to water body boundaries and the training site is not greater than a threshold value. The accuracy assessment of the proposed algorithm was tested using KOMPSAT-2 images for the various block sizes between 11×11 and 19×19. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of the algorithm varied from 99.47% to 99.53% and from 95.07% to 95.80%, respectively.

Subcritical water extraction of phytochemicals from Phlomis umbrosa Turcz

Ko, M.J.,Lee, J.H.,Nam, H.H.,Chung, M.S. ELSEVIER 2017 INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Vol. No.

<P>Subcritical water extraction (SWE) avoids the use of organic solvents when extracting active compounds. The SWE of phytochemicals from Phlomis umbrosa Turcz (PT) and the effect of antioxidant activity were investigated while varying the extraction temperature (from 100 degrees C to 200 degrees C) and time (from 5 to 25 min). The maximum yields of total polyphenols (142.02 +/- 5.67 mg/g PT, mean SD) and flavonoids (33.69 +/- 3.01 mg/g PT) were obtained for an extraction temperature and time of 200 degrees C and 20 min, respectively. The correlation of antioxidant activities in terms of their total phenolics and flavonoids contents suggest that the ABTS.(+) assay better reflects the antioxidant contents in SWE from PT than does the DPPH assay for extraction temperatures from 110 degrees C to 200 degrees C. At higher temperatures around 200 degrees C, SWE extracts affect the antioxidant activity due to the presence of not only flavonoids but also nonflavonoid phenolic compounds including prenylated flavonoids. Industrial relevance: This study used subcritical water extraction (SWE) for the practical applications of the SWE process that extracts antioxidant compounds from medicinal herb such as Phlomis wnbrosa Turcz. SWE is excellent technology to selectively extract bioactive compounds using temperature-dependent dielectric constant properties of water. As the temperature of water is increased, the polarity of water decreases. That's why it is selective extraction. The use of SWE in the present study was associated with high efficiency and antioxidant activities. These results indicate that SWE is an efficient and rapid method for extracting phytochemicals, and a safer product only using purified water. SWE has a potential to develop a commercial process for the extraction of phytochemicals. This method can be easily implemented on an industrial scale.</P>

버찌(Prunus yedoensis) 추출물의 항산화 활성 평가 및 돈육 패티에 이용

최필수,김형상,진구복,Choi, Pil Soo,Kim, Hyeong Sang,Chin, Koo Bok 한국축산식품학회 2013 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 버찌를 메탄올과 물로 추출한 후 항산화 활성을 측정하여, 버찌의 메탄올과 물 추출물을 돈육패티에 첨가하여 육제품의 천연항산화제의 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 버찌의 메탄올 추출물과 물 추출물의 총 페놀성 화합물 함량은 버찌 메탄올 추출물이2.17 g/100 g, 물 추출물이 2.77 g/100 g값을 나타내었다. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity에서 버찌 메탄올 추출물이 대조구인 ascorbic acid와 농도별로 차이를 보이지 않았고, 2% 농도에서 대조구와 처리구간에 유사한 DPPH radical scavenging activity를 보였다. 환원력은 L-ascorbic acid에 비하여 낮은 수치를 보였으며 추출용매에 따른 환원력의 차이는 미미하였다. 철이온 흡착력은 버찌 메탄올 추출물이 19.8-94.0%, 버찌 물 추출물은 17.8-93.5%를 나타내었다. 버찌 메탄올 추출물은 0.5%의 농도까지 증가하다가 최종 농도인 2%까지 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 물 추출물은 농도가 증가할수록 철이온 흡착력이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 낮은 농도에서는 차이를 보였지만 농도가 증가할수록 대조구와 유사한 수치를 보였다. 버찌의 메탄올 추출물을 각각 0.5%, 1.0% 첨가한 돈육 패티에서 pH와 색도(명도, 적색도, 황색도)가 감소하였고, 지방산패도를 측정하기 위해 수행한 thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) 결과에서 malondialdehyde(MDA) 함량이 대조구와 butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)를 첨가한 참조구에 비해 낮은 결과를 나타내었으나, 저장 중 총균수나 대장균군수에는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 종합하면 버찌 추출물이 항산화 효과를 보여 천연 항산화제로써의 기능성 육제품 개발에 이용 가능할 것으로 평가된다. 하지만 버찌 추출물을 첨가하면 색도를 저하시키므로 이에 대한 보완 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activity of cherry added into meat products. Water and methanol were used to extract the antioxidant compounds from cherry. Total phenolic compounds of the methanol and water extract of cherry were 2.17 g/100 g and 2.77 g/100 g, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of methanol extract showed similar activities to those with ascorbic acid at all concentrations (from 0.1% to 2.0%). Especially, water extract of cherry showed similar activity to those of ascorbic acid (AA), and methanol extract, when 2% of cherry extract was added. The reducing power of cherry was not comparable to those with AA, however no differences in reducing power were observed between the water and methanol extract. The iron chelating ability of cherry was observed in the range of 17.8-94.0% at both water and methanol extracts. An increased iron chelating ability was observed with increased concentration up to 2%. Iron chelating ability for water extract of cherry tended to be lower than those with methanol extract. After pork patties were manufactured with methanol extract of cherry at 0.5 and 1.0%, physicochemical properties, lipid oxidation and microbial changes of patties were measured. The addition of methanol extract of cherry reduced pH, brightness, redness, yellowness and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). During 14 d of storage, pH, TBARS and microbial counts were increased, while redness and yellowness values were decreased. Since the addition of methanol extract of cherry lowered TBARS during storage, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in meat products.