Things That Might Occur When Objects Show Up: A Story of Life of Things and Their Ethics in Wordsworth’s Early Works

주혁규 한국영어영문학회 2018 영어 영문학 Vol.64 No.3

Wordsworth is a poet who thought seriously about problems of human’s relation to the world as perceiving subjects. What he calls “the life of things” illustrates the enabling power of things and their vitalities at play in excess of human elements. Drawing on this, he provides insights into vital materialities that act upon, and are acted upon by, the collaborative circulation between human and nonhuman agency. This paper aims to reinvigorate the debate about Wordsworth’s ethics of things in terms of such critical notions as things, objects, agency, and nonhumans in an attempt to explain what he envisions as new environmental realities built upon nonhierarchical, collaborative relationships between all participants. From the vantage point of things, we see clearly what has been neglected in the New Historicist critical method. It holds fast to the conceit that humans are entitled to have sole agential legitimacy, disregarding the vibrancy of things. They opt for the objectified matter or the (re)presented state of things. But in terms of Wordsworth’s life of things, all participants have equal amounts of agency regardless of their forms and for that reason humans are expected to respect other things’ sovereignty. Through encounters with things, things in their thingness show up for us, only to reveal the ineradicable rupture between themselves and their objectified forms.

민법의 물건과 형법의 재물개념의 상호관계에 관한 연구 -민사법과 형사법의 통일적 해석을 중심으로-

김성수 ( Seong Soo Kim ) 한국경찰법학회 2007 경찰법연구 Vol.5 No.2

The most immediate purpose of my paper is to furnish the logical and correlational interpretation between the definition of Things in the Korea Civil Code(KCC) and that of Property in the Korea Penal Code(KPC),moreover between Natural force(KCC article 98) and Energy(KPC article 346). In connection with this issue,the paper begins first by posing problems of terms between of Things in the KCC(article 98) and of Property in the KPC(article 329),which will be solved by studying of their historical background and comparative study. Next,we should note that Property in the KPC is meant by corporeal and incorporeal things,which is same to natural force in the KCC. Nonetheless two diffrent penal perspectives about its meaning,one is Corporeality theory and the other is Controllability theory. Historycally the penal code is directly from Japanese Penal Code(article 235) with its expansive application (from electricity to energy which is subject to human control)(KPC article 98), which is also the addition of the Japanese Civil Code defining the things meant by the corporeal things and electricity deemed to be property. By contrast,things in the KCC is more original in defining things mentioned in this law as corporeal things, electricity, and other natural force which can be controlled. So it is impossible to be interpretated with coherence of these articles,which are historically contradictory. De lege ferenda, we propose that the property in the article 329(larceny) of the KPC is to be interpreted according to aritcle 98 (Definition of Things) of the KC C,which is included corporeal things and incorporeal things. The illustrational term "electricity" in KCC,which is seems to inutile to us, comes historically of the amendment of the JPC,which includes only corporeal things,so it is discussed about the punishment of Larceny of electricity between scholors,is solved by adding to its orginal article. In the next section,we discussed whether the immovables(real estate) is included in the definition property, which is being a heated controversy, on the contrary is accepted natural in the civil law scholors. To us,who thinks the definition in the penal sense and in the civil sense,is to be interpreted as same, it is quite clear that the immovables,with the movable property, are naturally included. There remains a range of problems to be tackled,potential deficiencies in this topic of this paper,which is due entirely to me,but it is also hoped that this paper will serve as a platform of the interdisciplinary study between the civil law and the penal law, which studies of greater depth and specificity in this field may be undertaken.

사물-되기 : 정동 및 ‘횡단신체성’과 ‘격물치지’에 관한 연구 - 얀 슈반크마이에르(JanŠvankmajer)의 <FOOD>를 중심으로

김정한 한국영상학회 2020 한국영상학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.3

This study interprets Jan Švankmajer's animated film <FOOD> in a convergent context of affect, ‘trans-corporeality’ and Zhu Xi's ‘gaining knowledge by the study of things’, which explores the meaning of 'being-things'. I define 'being-things' as in Švankmajer's artistic intention and use it as the basis for evaluating the artistic success value of <FOOD>. In my opinion, new materialism and affect theory, active since the 1990s, share the issues of 'being-things'. In his home country of Czechoslovakia, Švankmajer has built his own unique art world quite different from the mainstream of contemporary art in the United States and Western Europe since the 1970s. From the end of the 1990s, when new materialism and affect theory formed the discourse in earnest, his works began to draw attention in the western art world. In 2020, from the perspective of Western thought, especially in relation to new materialism and affect theory, Švankmajer presented highly pioneering artworks. The ‘being-things' in <FOOD> realize the imaginary potential of film media through a pixilation technique of characters (Kittler & Deleuze), discusses the aesthetics of society through the effects of food (Highmore), and equalizes things with human through the trans-corporeality of food (Alaimo). These concepts can be linked to Neo-Confucianism, especially Zhu Xi's ‘gaining knowledge by the study of things’ among Oriental philosophy, which has considered the problems of consciousness and matter, i.e., mind and body. Švankmajer's artwork series entitled Natural History is the result of an artistic exploration of ‘gaining knowledge by the study of things’ and ‘being-things’, which is a type of the artist’s encyclopedia of things. This study, focusing on 'being-things', represents an artistic and academic exploration that provides an alternative to the dichotomous approach of matter and consciousness by traversing the thoughts of the West or the East. It is hoped that this study be the basis for further research by the author related to the mind-body problem. 본 연구는 얀 슈반크마이에르의 애니메이션 작품 <FOOD>를 정동 및 횡단신체성과 격물치지의 복합적 맥락에서 해석하고 ‘사물-되기’의 의미를 탐구한다. 필자는 ‘사물-되기’를 슈반크마이에르의 예술적 의도로 추정하고 <FOOD>의 예술적 성공 가치의 평가 근거로 삼는다. 1990년대부터 등장한 신유물론과 정동이론 등은 ‘사물-되기’의 문제의식을 공유하고 있다. 슈반크마이에르는 그의 조국 체코슬로바키아에서 1970년대부터 미국과 서구 중심의 주류 예술계의 흐름과는 전혀 다른 독특한 작품 세계를 구축해 왔다. 신유물론과 정동이론이 그 담론을 본격적으로 형성해 가던 1990년대 말부터 서구에서 뒤늦게 그의 작품 세계가 주목받기 시작한다. 2020년 현재 서구 사상 특히 신유물론이나 정동이론의 관점에서 볼 때, 슈반크마이에르는 매우 선구적인 예술 작품을 선보였다. <FOOD>의 ‘사물-되기’는 등장인물의 픽실레이션 기법을 통해 영화 매체의 가상성을 실재화하거나(키틀러), 음식의 정동을 통해 사회의 미학을 논하고(하이모어), 음식의 횡단신체성을 통해 나와 사물을 동등하게 만든다(앨러이모). 이러한 태도는 의식과 물질 즉 심-신의 문제를 고찰해온 동양철학 중 신유학 특히 주희의 ‘격물치지’와 연결된다. 슈반크마이에르의 자연사 연작은 격물치지와 ‘사물-되기’라는 예술적 탐험의 결과물이자 예술가의 사물 백과사전이다. 본 ‘사물-되기’ 연구는 동서양의 사상을 횡단적으로 검토함으로써 물질과 의식의 이분법적 접근 방법에 대한 대안을 마련하는 예술학적 탐구가 될 것이며 관련 후속 연구의 토대가 될 것이다.

Things, Words, Words-Worth

( Hyeuk Kyu Joo ) 한국영어영문학회 2014 영어 영문학 Vol.60 No.4

This paper attempts to demonstrate that Wordsworth’s things constitute, and are constituted by, a fundamental relatedness, which the poet envisions as an increasing expansion of beings. Through his system of things, Wordsworth provides an alternative to move beyond Romantic individualism and anthropocentric attitude toward nonhuman objects. Wordsworth’s things are capable of speaking and performing; nevertheless, he often puts the significance of things at the boundary between their objectivity and his consciousness. When read under the framework of things, “Tintern Abbey” is a poem in which eighteenth-century objectbased epistemology is overcome to invigorate the connection between the life of things and human. Unlike New Historicists’ perspectives, Wordsworth doesn’t approve of landscape as a container of historical facts and empirical evidence for the past. It also gives us a framework of things that negates human’s privilege over natural objects. Wordsworth’s concept of “words as things” keeps the idea of things as the “active and effective” agency. It denies the opposition of words to things. In “The Thorn” words consistently reverse their utilization as referential tools, as is displayed by Martha Ray’s insistence on using the same words repeatedly. Repetition, an incidence of the materiality of words, here enacts certain performativity powered by words as things. Wordsworth’s system of things exceeds the distinction between the material and immaterial and leads us into an opening between the two spheres. Most of all, Wordsworthian materiality of words keeps us from relapsing into an undifferentiated, deadened redundancy operated by the equalizing instruments.

Things That Might Occur When Objects Show Up: A Story of Life of Things and Their Ethics in Wordsworth’s Early Works

( Hyeuk Kyu Joo ) 한국영어영문학회 2018 영어 영문학 Vol.64 No.3

Wordsworth is a poet who thought seriously about problems of human’s relation to the world as perceiving subjects. What he calls “the life of things” illustrates the enabling power of things and their vitalities at play in excess of human elements. Drawing on this, he provides insights into vital materialities that act upon, and are acted upon by, the collaborative circulation between human and nonhuman agency. This paper aims to reinvigorate the debate about Wordsworth’s ethics of things in terms of such critical notions as things, objects, agency, and nonhumans in an attempt to explain what he envisions as new environmental realities built upon nonhierarchical, collaborative relationships between all participants. From the vantage point of things, we see clearly what has been neglected in the New Historicist critical method. It holds fast to the conceit that humans are entitled to have sole agential legitimacy, disregarding the vibrancy of things. They opt for the objectified matter or the (re)presented state of things. But in terms of Wordsworth’s life of things, all participants have equal amounts of agency regardless of their forms and for that reason humans are expected to respect other things’ sovereignty. Through encounters with things, things in their thingness show up for us, only to reveal the ineradicable rupture between themselves and their objectified forms.

“Nothing” as Head and “Things” as Beginning: Zhuangzi and Shen Dao on EqualizingThings

Liu Dai 영남퇴계학연구원 2019 The Journal of Toegye Studies Vol.2 No.2

Starting from “equalizing all things”, Shen Dao develops the life philosophy of “rolling and swirling along with things” and the political theory of respecting the law and emphasizing the people. Based on “everything exists”, his theory of equalizing things shows respect to differences and the objective value of things, requiring to act along with things at the cost of agency. Yet Zhuangzi believes in an ultimate state when “before things exist”, and tries to equalize “things” with “nothing”. His philosophy embraces a complete picture from before the beginning of things to after there are already things, in which “things” are merely the temporary appearanceof the Creation-Transformation in an inferior level. Having found the origin of “things”, i.e. “the Way”, the spirit is able to go beyond limits of things toward the state of independently rambling.

A Study on the Recent Movement and the Policy on the Internet of Things of Japan

Jung-Hyun Song(송정현) 중앙대학교 한국전자무역연구소 2019 전자무역연구 Vol.17 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 일본의 사물인터넷(Internet of Things) 정책을 분석하는 것이다. 논의의 쟁점은 ICT산업이 센서 네트워크(RFID/USN)에서 1대1 통신의 사물지능통신(Machine to Machine, 이하 M2M), N대N 통신의 사물인터넷으로 빠르게 변화하고 있는 상황에서 세계시장 점유율 확대를 위한 일본의 정책동행과 과제를 분석하는 것이다. 논문구성/논리: 일본에서 사물인터넷은 2005년경부터 ICT업계 내에서 소개되기 시작하였다. 사물인터넷 용어는 무선센서 네트워크 및 관련기술 또는 디바이스의 정보를 기반으로 하는 다양한 어플리케이션에 이르기 까지 넓은 의미로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구가 살펴보고자 하는 바를 질문 형식으로 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사물인터넷의 출현이 무엇을 의미하는가? 이와 관련하여 본 연구에서는 사물인터넷 출현까지의 변화를 검토한다. 둘째, 사물인터넷 활용방안에 대한 정부정책은 무엇인가? 이와 관련하여 본 연구에서는 총무성, IT본부, 경제산업성의 사물인터넷 관련정책에 대해 검토하고자 한다. 결과: 본 연구는 사물인터넷 시장 확대를 위한 일본정부의 정책을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 전개하였다. 분석을 통해 다음과 같은 결과와 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 사물 인터넷 산업이 급성장하고 있으며 2020년에는 3조 400억 달러로 확대될 것으로 예상 된다. 또한 2013년부터 2020년까지 연평균 13%의 성장률이 예상되고 있다. 둘째, 사물 인터넷 산업을 활용한 경제성장 전략이다. 일본은 사물인터넷 산업이 확대되면서 경제 성장 전략의 중심산업으로 설정하여 파급효과에 의한 산업구조 개혁과 전자정부을 도입하여 정부 효율성을 유인하려 하고 있다. 셋째, 사물인터넷 산업을 둘러싼 정부부처 간의 정책경쟁이다. 정부부처는 고유의 정책영역이 있다. 정책영역이 겹치는 부분이 있는 것도 사실이다. 정부부처는 정책영역이 겹치는 것에 대해 민감하게 반응한다. 각 부처는 겹치는 영역을 강조하여 자신들의 영역을 확고히 하려는 경향이 있다. 독창성/가치: 기존 사물인터넷 시장동향과 발전방향을 중심으로 전개하고 있는 선행 연구의 한계를 극복하고 사물인터넷 산업에 대한 정부의 발전방향을 모색했다는 점에서 의미를 부여할 수 있다. 사물인터넷 활용이 확대되면서 정부차원의 기술개발장려와 정책적 대응이 커지고 있다. 사물인터넷을 통한 생활의 질적 향상과 지속적 경제성장 및 국가경쟁력 제고의 역할이 기대되고 있기 때문이다. 이러한 목적에서 일본정부는 정책주진에 적극적인 자세를 취하고 있다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the policy ‘internet of things’ of Japan. The focus of discussion is that analyze the recent movement of policy and the task of Japan to expand the market share as ICT industry is transformed from Sensor Network (RFID/USN) to Machine to Machine of one-to-one communication and Internet of thins of N to N communication. Composition/Logic: Internet of things of Japan has introduced since 2005. The terms of Internet of things are widely used from wireless sensor network and relative technique to various application which are based information of device. This study focus on these questions; First, what the appearance of internet of things does mean? This study reviews appearance of internet of things. Second, what s the government policy to utilize internet of things? This study review Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, IT headquarter, the policy of internet of thins of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. Findings: This study aims at analyzing the policy of the internet of thins in Japan. These are the results and implications through analyzing. First, the industry of internet of things grows rapidly. World market size of internet of things on 2013 is about $1.3 trillion and is expected to expand to $3.04 trillion on 2020. Average annual growth rate is expected around 13% from 2013 to 2020. Second, there is economic growth strategies through utilizing internet of things. Japan intends to entice governmental effectiveness through adopting e-Government and industrial structure revolution as setting up internet of thing as economic growth strategy policy. Third, there is policy competition over internet of things industry among government ministry. Government ministry has its own policy sector which often overlap each other. Government ministry tends to fix its own policy sector emphasizing overlapping part. Originality/Value: This study is meaningful because it seeks for government s development strategy as overcoming the limitation of existing market trend of internet of things. As utilizing internet of things is expanded, encouraging the development of technology in government level and political countermeasures get bigger. Life qualitative improvement by internet of things, continuous economic growth and enhancing national productivity are expected. Japan government take up a positive attitude on policy enforcement.

IoT 환경에서 인터유저빌리티(Interusability) 개선을 위한 사물성격(Personality of Things)중심의 UI 프로토타이핑에 대한 연구

안미경(Mikyung Ahn),박남춘(Namchoon Park) 한국HCI학회 2018 한국HCI학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.2

사물인터넷(Internet of Things)시대에는 다양한 사물이 연결되어 사물들 스스로가 데이터를 획득하여 이를 바탕으로 학습하고 동작한다. 이는 사물이 사람의 모습을 닮아가고 있다고 볼 수 있고 변화한 사물과 사람이 어떻게 소통하는가를 설계하는 것이 핵심 이슈로 떠오르고 있다. 이러한 IoT 환경이 도래함에 따라 UI 디자인 분야에서도 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 멀티모달리티(Multi-modality)와 인터유저빌리티(Interusability) 등의 키워드를 통해서 UI 분야에서도 복합적인 요소를 고려하려는 연구가 진행됐음을 알 수 있다. 하지만 기존의 UI 디자인 방법론으로는 IoT 환경에서 사용자 인터페이스(UI)를 설계할 때 사물, 사람, 데이터가 상호작용하는 방식에 대해서 구조화하고 테스트하는데 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 새로운 UI 프로토타이핑 방법을 제안하였다. 본 논문의 주요 분석과 연구는 다음과 같다:(1)먼저 사물의 행동 프로세스를 정의하였다.(2)행동 프로세스를 토대로 기존의 IoT 제품을 분석하였다.(3)사물성격(Personality of Things)유형을 구분 지을 수 있는 프레임워크를 제작하였다.(4)프레임워크를 바탕으로 사물성격(Personality of Things) 유형을 도출하였다.(5)3개의 대표 사물성격(Personality of Things)을 실제 스마트 홈 서비스에 적용하여 프로토타이핑 테스트를 해보았다. 본 연구는 새로운 UI 프로토타이핑 방법을 제안하여 더 총체적인 방식으로 IoT 서비스에 대한 사용자 경험(UX)을 확인할 수 있었다는 데 의의가 있다. 또한, 향후 본 연구를 발전시켜 인공지능(AI) 기술이 발전한 환경에서 지능화된 서비스의 정체성(Identity) 확립의 도구로 사물성격(Personality of Things) 개념을 활용할 수 있을 것이라 생각한다. In the IoT environment, various things could be connected. Those connected things learn and operate themselves, by acquiring data. As human being, they have self-learning and self-operating systems. In the field of IoT study, therefore, the key issue is to design communication system connecting both of the two different types of subjects, human being(user) and the things. With the advent of the IoT environment, much research has been done in the field of UI design. It can be seen that research has been conducted to take complex factors into account through keywords such as multi-modality and interusability. However, the existing UI design method has limitations in structuring or testing interaction between things and users of IoT environment. Therefore, this paper suggests a new UI prototyping method. In this paper, the major analysis and studies are as follows: (1) defined what is the behavior process of the things (2) analyzed the existing IoT product (3) built a new framework driving personality types (4) extracted three representative personality models (5) applied the three models to the smart home service and tested UI prototyping. It is meaningful with that this study can confirm user experience (UX) about IoT service in a more comprehensive way. Moreover, the concept of the personality of things will be utilized as a tool for establishing the identity of artificial intelligence (AI) services in the future.

事物의 本性論과 現代法學

文鍾旭(Moon Jong-Wook) 충남대학교 법학연구소 2002 法學硏究 Vol.13 No.1

We can regard the history of human beings as groping for the just order. And we can also find that the just order would he based on groping for the right law. Today, most of law-thinkers say that the right law is composed of the idea of law and the nature of things, and this opinion seems to be almost regarded as a self-evident truth. But, especially, the nature of things has been taken a serious view of since the end of World War Ⅱ. On second thought, from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th, the theory of natural-law was at a law ebb in most of the countries of Western civilization. However, the 20th century witnessed a revival of natural-law thinking and value-oriented jurisprudence. The philosophical movement known as existentialism also had had an impact on legal philosophy. Actually, the German jurists Werner Maihofer and Erich Fechner and others have developed legal philosophies proceeding from existentialist premises. Accordingly, anyway, as a sort of revival of natural-law, the theory of nature of things was proposed. We can find out the original meaning of the nature of things from Montesquieu. According to Montesquieu, "the nature of things" manifest itself partly in universal and partly in variable tendencies and traits of human nature. He proceeded from the assumption that laws are "the necessary relations arising from the nature of things". And "the necessary relation" which from the basis of laws depend on geographical, especially climatic, conditions, on religions factors, on the political structure of a particular country. He also acknowledged the fact that there existed relations of justice antecedent to the positive laws by which they were established. In modern jurisprudence, there are also many law-thinkers approached to the nature of things, namely, Helmut Coing, Hans Welzel, Werner Maihofer, Herbert Schambeck, Nobertio Bobbio, Ottmar Barbeck, Ilmar Tamello and Julius Stone including Gustav Radbruch. Particularly, G. Radbruch said that the theory of nature of thing was the must important problem in the modern legal philosophy. According to G. Radbruch, natural-law thinking gave a strong impetus to a development which emphasized the role of law in protecting human dignity, freedom, and other substantive values of individual and social life. In short, I think that the nature of things is a second-best theory for neutralizing 'sein' and 'sollen' or theory of natural-law and legal positivism. Namely, the nature of things could be actually regarded as a modern application of value-oriented legal philosophy. So when the nature of things and the idea of law would be combined rationally and efficiently, the right law could he substantially acquired. Here, I sincerely hope this dissertation would be helpful to appreciate the theory of "nature of things" easier. And I am also expecting this studying would be a good chance to lay a stress on "the nature of things" to today's law-thinkers newly.

하이데거의 철학에서 사물(事物) 개념

양갑현 범한철학회 2012 汎韓哲學 Vol.66 No.3

This paper is to trace the aspects of the concept of the thing as well as to examine the meaning of the concept of the thing in Heidegger's writings. Heidegger started with the discussion in the simplest and most obvious way, that is, the thing in the lecture "Einblick in das was ist", which was held in Bremen, in 1949. Likewise, he accepted once again the leading question in Being and Time(1927). What on earth is the thing, and why did it become an interest of Heidegger's philosophy? I think the matter of the thing is not the secondary interest in his philosophy. In this paper I wish to discuss three stages of the concept of the thing. The closest things around us are considered by the word ‘ready-to-hand’ as equipment in Being and Time(1927), and in "The Origin of the Work of Art"(1936), the concept of equipment in Being and Time was widely noted. He pointed out the limitation of the transmitted concept of the thing and suggested a new view on the thing. Further, in his latter writings, especially "The thing"(1950) and "Building Dwelling Thinking"(1951), the concept of the thing, which is deployed to the jug and the bridge, has relation to the fourfold. From this point of view, the examination on the meanings of the thing should be a meaningful step into his thoughts. Therefore, the concept of the thing is not the secondary matter, but plays an important theme in his philosophy. 본 논문의 목적은 하이데거의 전・후기의 저술들에서 전개되는 사물 개념의 양상을 뒤밟아 보고 아울러 그런 논의에서 사물 개념이 갖는 의의를 고찰하는 것이다. 1949년 브레멘 강연 「존재하고 있는 것에로의 일별」에서 하이데거는 가장 단순하면서도 가장 자명한 것으로 보이는 ‘사물’에서부터 논의를 출발한다. 이렇게 그는 이미 『존재와 시간』에서 주요했던 문제를 다시금 받아들인다. 사물이란 대체 무엇이고 왜 하이데거의 철학의 관심사가 되는가? 단적으로 말해서 사물 문제는 하이데거 철학에서 결코 부차적인 관심사에 머무르고 있지 않다. 『존재와 시간』에서 우리의 주위를 둘러싸고 있는 가장 가까운 사물들은 도구라는 말로 사유된다. 사용 사물은 곧 도구이다. 도구는 본질상 이론적 고찰을 통해 발견되는 것이 아니라, 실천적 행동관계인 배려하는 왕래를 통해서 발견된다. 그리고 「예술작품의 근원」은 초기 저술에서의 사물(도구) 개념에 대한 논의를 폭넓게 이어간다. 여기서 하이데거는 전승된 사물 개념의 한계를 지적하고 사물에 대한 새로운 관점을 제시한다. 하이데거는 신뢰성의 의미에서 사물에 대한 새로운 규정을 통해 초기 분석에서 결여되어 있던 중대성과 존엄을 도구에 수여한다. 나아가 후기 저술, 특히 「사물」,「건축함 거주함 사유함」에서 사물 논의는 단지(der Krug)와 다리(die Brücke)를 단서 삼아 전개된다. 그것은 사방(Geviert)개념과 맞닿아 있다. 단지는 사방을 그의 그때마다 머무름에 머무르게 하고, 그래서 그 넷을 그의 고유한 것 안에서 데려옴으로써 사방으로서의 세계를 일어나게 한다. 고유한 양식의 사물로서 다리 또한 사방에게 하나의 터전을 허락하는 그런 방식으로 사방을 결집하고 모아들인다. 사물 문제는 결국 회집 사건으로 해명된다. 사물의 본질에 대한 사유는 궁극적으로 존재 물음을 제기해야 하는 요구와 맞물려 있다. 존재의 진리를 지킨다는 의미는 이제 사물을 보살핀다는 태도와 일치하는 지점에 들어서는 것을 의미한다.