청국장 발효 균주인 Bacillus subtilis 028-1의 항생물질 생산과 특성

안경준,Ahn, Kyung-Joon 한국미생물학회 2009 미생물학회지 Vol.45 No.2

Bacillus subtilis 028-1 균주는 청국장 발효에 사용하는 균주로 Staphylococcus sp. LS2 뿐만 아니라 여러 yeast 균주의 생장을 억제하는 항생물질을 생산하며, soybean meal 2%와 maltose와 같은 이당류를 1% 첨가하여 15~18시간 진탕 배양하였을 때 최대의 항생물질 생산을 보였으며 배지의 pH는 6.5 이하였다. 항생물질의 활성은 약염기성 조건에서 극대화되었으며, $100^{\circ}C$에서 20분간 가열하여도 활성은 크게 감소하지 않았고, 실온 보관 시 한 달 이상 효과가 지속되며 chymotrypsin과 papain 같은 단백질 분해효소 처리에 의해 서서히 활성이 줄어들었다. 투석에 의해 항생물질의 분자량을 측정한 결과 1,000에서 500 dalton 사이인 것으로 나타났으며 항미생물 효과는 있으나 fibrin 분해 능력이 없으므로 surfactin이 아닌 iturin 계열의 peptide성 항생물질로 보인다. Chungkookjang fermenting Bacillus subtilis 028-1 strain suppressed the growth of Staphylococcus sp. LS2, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans. B. subtilis 028-1 strain produced antibiotic effectively in the medium of 2% soybean meal and 1% maltose as a disaccharide, when the shaking was continued 15~18 h and the pH of culture medium was maintained under 6.5. The antibiotic activity was optimized when the initial pH of the culture medium of test strain was adjusted with weak alkali, was remained after 20 min of boiling and for more than 1 month in room temperature, and was weakened slowly by the digestion of chymotrypsin and papain. The molecular weight of the antibiotic was identified between 500 and 1,000 dalton by dialysis, and antibiotic substance was considered as not surfactin but a member of iturin family because of the absence of fibrinolytic activity.

The Effects of Soybean Peptide Intake on Index of Muscle Damage and Hormone Concentration in Taekwondo Player

Chang-Seob Son,Hye-Sook Lee,Jang-Woon Lee,Yoon-Bok Lee,Myeong-Soo Park,Yung-Choon Yoo,Jin-Hong Park,Seung Bok Hong,Seock-Yeon Hwang 대한의생명과학회 2011 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.17 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean peptide on muscle damage index and hormone (testosterone and cortisol) concentration. Subjects of this study were 23 high school male taekwondo players who had participated in regular exercise. They were randomly divided into two groups, one group took soybean peptide (S-peptide, n=13) 4 g a day for 4 weeks and the other took placebo (placebo, n=10) for the same time. We obtained blood samples before and after experiment and analyzed for CPK (Creatine phosphokinase), LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase), ALD (Aldolase), myoglobin, testosterone and cortisol. As for body composition, there was no significant difference in weight, body fat rate and LBM (lean body mass) between the S-peptide and the S-peptide group and placebo group. In CPK, LDH, ALD and myoglobin, S-peptide group was significantly lower than the placebo group and showed significant decrease before and after intaking soybean peptide (P<0.05~0.01). In the concentration of plasma testosterone, S-peptide group was increased from two weeks but not significant difference. The concentration of plasma cortisol showed significantly decrease in the S-peptide (P<0.01). These results indicate that the intake of soybean peptide have positive effect on index of muscle damage and changes of hormone concentration.

Effects of Soybean Peptide Intake on Antioxidant Enzyme, Cortisol and Inflammatory Cytokines in High School Judo Athletes

Sujung Bae,Da Kyoung Lee,Chang-Seob Son,Hye-Sook Lee,Jang-Woon Lee,Yoon-Bok Lee,Yung-Choon Yoo,Jin-Hong Park,Seung Bok Hong,Seock-Yeon Hwang 대한의생명과학회 2012 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of soybean peptide on antioxidant enzymes, cortisol hormone and inflammatory cytokine levels. 19 high school male judo athletes participated in the experiments. They were randomly divided into two groups, one group took soybean peptide (S-peptide, n=10) 4 g a day for 4 weeks and the other group placebo (placebo group, n=9) for the same time. Blood samples were collected before intake, after 2 weeks intake and 4 weeks intake and these were analyzed for total antioxidant status (TAS), catalase (CAT), levels of cortisol hormone, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). As a result, the S-peptide group was significantly increased in TAS and CAT (P<0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels showed decrease after soybean peptide intake but there was no significant difference. In the levels of plasma cortisol which reflect stress status, there was significantly decreased in the S-peptide and placebo group after 4 weeks (P<0.05). There were significant decreases of TNF-α and IL-6 after 4 weeks in S-peptide group (P<0.05). These results suggest that the intake of soybean peptide can activate antioxidant defenses and decrease exercise-induced oxidative stress.

The Effects of Soybean Peptide on Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Enzyme and Inflammatory Cytokines in Elite Taekwondo Player

Chang-Seob Son,Hye-Sook Lee,Yoon-Bok Lee,Myeong-Soo Park,Yung-Choon Yoo,Junglim Lee,Seock-Yeon Hwang 대한의생명과학회 2010 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of soybean peptide on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme and inflammatory cytokines in male high school taekwondo players. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, which were a soybean peptide intake group (S-peptide, n=13) and a placebo intake group (Placebo, n=10). The s-peptide group took 4 g a day of soybean peptide for 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein at before taekwondo performance, after 2 and 4 weeks taekwondo performance. The plasma was analyzed for the antioxidant enzyme activity factor, lipid peroxidation and cytokines. As a result, the s-peptide group decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity factor (TAS and CAT). The plasma concentration of inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in the s-peptide group after 4 weeks and showed significant differences between the groups. These results indicate that the intake of soybean peptide was positively improved on antioxidant enzyme and inflammatory cytokines in taekwondo player.

Effects of Popped Soybean on Concentration of Ruminal Peptide and Blood Amino Acids in Holstein Calves

Kim, H.D.,Ha, J.K.,Itabashi, H.,Kim, S.W.,Kim, W.Y.,Ko, Y.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.2

This study conducted to evaluate effects of popped soybean on levels of ruminal peptides and blood amino acids in Holstein calves fed sudan grass hay as a forage source and popped (PSB) soybean as a concentrate supplement. At 0, 2, 4 and 6 h after feeding, rumen fluid and blood samples were collected from the rumen and jugular vein, respectively, and amino acids, peptides and other nitrogen-containing compounds in the rumen were analyzed. Ruminal pH tended to be higher in the RSB than in the PSB treatments, and declined upto 4 h after feeding, since then increased in both treatments. The concentrations of ammonia-N in all treatments increased upto 2 h after feeding, and then decreased gradually with time after feeding. The concentrations of ammonia N in the rumen were not significantly different between the treatments, however, those in RSB treatment appeared to be higher. Also, protein concentrations in the rumen were not significantly different between the treatments. Peptide productions were the highest at 2 h after feeding in the group fed RSB which is rapidly degradable in rumen, whereas those in the group fed PSB which is slowly degradable in rumen were maximized at 4 h after feeding. The concentration of total free essential amino acids in plasma was higher in the RSB treatment than in the PSB, but disappearance rates of these amino acids out of plasma was higher in the PSB treatment than in the RSB treatment. Disappearance rates of free non-essential amino acids in plasma were not significantly different between the treatments. Consequently, this study implies that the production of peptide and utilization of blood amino acid may be controlled by the modification of protein degradability.

콩 펩타이드의 항암 활성

이형주 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2000 농업생명과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

An anticancer peptide from soy protein was purified and isolated. Defatted soy protein was hydrolyzed with thermoase and its hydrophobic peptides were extracted with ethanol. The peptide extract was fractionated by XAD-2 adsorption, gel filtration chromatography, and different C18 HPLCs. Anticancer activity of each fraction was assayed by measuring in vitro cytotoxicity on P388D1, a mouse monocyte macrophage cell line. IC50 value of a peptide fraction from Sephadex G-25 chromatography was 0.16 mg/ml. This peptide fraction at 1 mg/ml significantly affected cell cycle progression by arresting P388D1 at G2/M phases. Finally purified peptide from analytical C18 HPLC was nonapeptide of which molecular weight was 1157 Da and the sequence was X-Met-Leu-Pro-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Pro-Tyr.

Effect of Feeding Mixture of Soybean Peptides, L-Carnitine and Garcinia Cambogia Extract on Body Weight and Lipid Metabolism in Rats

Park, Ju-Yeon,Lee, Hee-Sun,Kim, Ju-Young,Lee, Jin-Hee,Lee, Kang-Pyo,Kim, Min-Sun,Kim, Yangha The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2006 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.11 No.3

This study was performed to investigate effects of the experimental mixture containing soybean peptides, L-carnitine and Garcinia Cambogia extract on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) of eight weeks old were raised for four weeks with high fat diet (40% fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats were feed control (C) diet, containing either 0.16% (+1D), 1.6% (+10D), 8% (+50D) of experimental mixture for eight weeks. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and total protein and albumin concentration were not different among groups. The Body weight gain was significantly lower in experimental mixture diet group compared to control group. Weights of perirenal fat pad and epididymal fat pad in the +50D group were significantly lower than those in the +1D and +10D groups. Plasma total lipid and liver total cholesterol levels in the experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. Fecal total lipid and total cholesterol excretions were highest in +50D group. These results suggest that the experimental mixture containing peptides, L-carnitine and Garsinia Canbogia extract is effective for reducing the body weight and adipose tissue weight which may be due to the modulation of lipid metabolism and the increased fecal excretion of lipid.

Soybean Peptides Induce Apoptosis in HeLa Cells by Increasing Oxidative Stress

Ho Joong Sung,Yu Jin Jeong,Jihyun Kim,Eunsun Jung,Jin Hyun Jun 대한의생명과학회 2015 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.21 No.2

Soy proteins have been extensively studied because of its multiple health benefits. However, the effects of soy proteins on human cervical cancer cells are still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of soy proteins on HeLa cells and human fibroblasts by using soybean peptides (SPs). SPs selectively increased the generation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in HeLa cells but not in fibroblasts. In addition, SPs suppressed the migration of HeLa cells. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of SPs on human cervical cancer cells need to be investigated further, our findings provide insights on the therapeutic effects of soy protein on cervical cancer.

Effect of Feeding Mixture of Soybean Peptides, L-Carnitine and Garcinia Cambogia Extract on Body Weight and Lipid Metabolism in Rats

Ju-Yeon Park,Hee-Sun Lee,Juyoung Kim,Jin-Hee Lee,Kang-Pyo Lee,Min-Sun Kim,Yangha Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.11 No.3

This study was performed to investigate effects of the experimental mixture containing soybean peptides, L-carnitine and Garcinia Cambogia extract on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) of eight weeks old were raised for four weeks with high fat diet (40% fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats were feed control (C) diet, containing either 0.16% (+1D), 1.6% (+10D), 8% (+50D) of experimental mixture for eight weeks. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and total protein and albumin concentration were not different among groups. The Body weight gain was significantly lower in experimental mixture diet group compared to control group. Weights of perirenal fat pad and epididymal fat pad in the +50D group were significantly lower than those in the +1D and +10D groups. Plasma total lipid and liver total cholesterol levels in the experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. Fecal total lipid and total cholesterol excretions were highest in +50D group. These results suggest that the experimental mixture containing peptides, L-carnitine and Garsinia Canbogia extract is effective for reducing the body weight and adipose tissue weight which may be due to the modulation of lipid metabolism and the increased fecal excretion of lipid.

단백질 분해 효소 처리가 청국장의 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향

박민경(Min-Kyung Park) 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.40 No.2

Alcalase, protamex 및 neutrase 효소처리가 청국장의 펩타이드 및 항산화 활성 증가에 미치는 영향을 동일한 조건으로 효소 처리한 대두분말과 비교하였다. 효소 20, 100 및 500mAU를 50℃에서 120분간 처리한 결과 청국장과 대두분말 모두에서 alcalase 및 protamex에 의한 펩타이드 생성이 neutrase보다 높게 나타났다. 항산화 활성은 청국장의 경우 alcalase 처리에 의해 DPPH, ABTS 및 hydroxyl radical 소거활성이 효소처리를 하지 않은 대조구와 비교하여 시료량에 따라 각각 37~57%, 59~106% 및 67~83%, protamex 처리에 의해 35~50%, 56~74% 및 52~75% 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 대두분말을 효소 처리한 시료에서도 유사한 결과를 보여 alcalase 처리에 의해 DPPH, ABTS 및 hydroxyl radical 소거활성이 각각 37~55%, 51~99% 및 67~83%, protamex 처리에 의해 36~44%, 44~66% 및 51~65% 증가하였다. 그러나 두 시료 모두에서 neutrase 처리에 의한 항산화 활성의 유의적 증가는 없었다. 이상의 결과는 alcalase와 protamex가 청국장에 특이적이지는 않으나 펩타이드 생성 및 항산화 활성 증가에 효율적임을 보여주고 있다. Chungkukjang and soybean powder were enzymatically hydrolyzed with 20, 100 and 500 mAU of 3 commercially available proteases (alcalase 2.4L, protamex and neutrase 0.8L) at 50℃ for 120 min. The degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant activities of hydrolysates were comparably evaluated. Alcalase and protamex yielded higher content of peptide compared to neutrase in both Chungkukjang and soybean powder hydrolyzed samples. Both Chungkukjang and soybean hydrolysates showed also greater increases of antioxidant activities compared to those prepared with neutrase. The rates of increment of DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were similar between Chungkukjang and soybean powder hydrolyzates. These results show that alcalase and protamex are not specific for Chungkukjang but enhance its antioxidant activity.