통영산 해수진주분말의 체내 용해도에 관한 기초연구

김현걸 ( Hyun Guell Kim ),이승철 ( Seung Cheol Lee ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2014 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.26 No.2

In order to study the movement of a pearl`s body, the Tongyeong pearl powder (insoluble=pearl) and manufactured powder (soluble-pearl, solubilized in water) were used as samples. The body of a pearl contains calcuim compounds and pharmacologically activated chonchiolin. This research evaluated the water solubilization level of proteins and the solubility of pearl powder using artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice. The analysis of the sugar content showed that no soluble or insoluble-pearl was found. This showed that carbohydrates are not the main components of the pearl. Also, in order to evaluate the water solubility level of chonchiolin, which is the only protein of the pearl, a protein quantification experiment was conducted. The result showed that no protein was found in the insoluble-pearl, which confirmed that chonchiolin was insoluble. In the soluble-pearl, protein consisted of 0.12%, and the effects of protein`s acid hydrolysis in acetic acid during the water solubilization process was either none or very weak. Such results showed that the development of chonchiolin water solubilization using protease is necessary. From the results that showed 22.7% of solubility (37℃ body temperature) at artificial gastric juice and 1.7% at artificial intestinal juice, the insoluble-peral is expected to dissolve into a small amount within the stomach(acidic environment), and rarely dissolve in the small intestine absorption area. Also, 75% of the dosage is expected to be excreted from the body. In order to find out the exact absorption level within the body of a pearl, more research on the vitro level and continuous biological tests is required. The solubility of soluble-pearl manufactured by using insoluble-pearl powder is 32.9%, which is 1.4 fold higher than insoluble-pearl. It is 17.6% at the artificial intestinal juice and it`s solubility is 10 fold higher than insoluble-pearl. The calcium carbonate inside the pearl is assumed to convert into calcium acetate, which is soluble to a certain degree during the water solubilization process. However, considering the fact that the solubility value is not as much as expected, from now on, improving the condition of the water solubilization process such as increasing reaction temperature is needed.

Optimal Levels for Nutrient Diagnosis for Crops and On-Site Application: Dry- or Water Soluble-Based Leaf Analysis

이예진,이슬비,성좌경 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4

It is one of most important works to recognize the nutritional status of crops for promoting best nutrientmanagement. Furthermore, a rapid and accurate diagnosis of mineral nutrients is strongly required at agricultural on-site. Here, we described the optimal range for favorable crop growth and development based on the results of previous researches performed since 1990 in NAS, RDA, and focused on explaining analytical method and optimal range of water soluble-based N, P and K for greenhouse crops. Water soluble mineral N, P and K differently responded with leaf position and crop; overall, soluble N was higher in fully expanded leaves, soluble P was relatively higher young leaves and soluble K constantly remained in all leaves. Given the results, water soluble mineral nutrients of greenhouse crops showed relatively higher in Solanaceae (e.g. paprika and eggplant) than in Cucurbitaceae (e.g. cucumber and watermelon). In this respect, the nutrient management in terms of fertilization and crop uptake is necessary to make crop-specific strategy. Although the criteria for nutrient diagnosis based on water soluble extracts was described in this paper, we carefully suggest that better criteria for nutrient diagnosis should be advanced with consideration for diurnal pattern of water soluble minerals, difference in sample destruction degree, duration of storage of samples taken, and etc.

Optimal Levels for Nutrient Diagnosis of Crops and On-Site Application: Dry- or Water Soluble-Based Leaf Analysis

Ye-Jin Lee,Seul-Bi Lee,Jwakyung Sung 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4

It is one of most important works to recognize the nutritional status of crops for promoting best nutrient management. Furthermore, a rapid and accurate diagnosis of mineral nutrients is strongly required at agricultural on-site. Here, we described the optimal range for favorable crop growth and development based on the results of previous researches performed since 1990 in NAS, RDA, and focused on explaining analytical method and optimal range of water soluble-based N, P and K for greenhouse crops. Water soluble mineral N, P and K differently responded with leaf position and crop; overall, soluble N was higher in fully expanded leaves, soluble P was relatively higher young leaves and soluble K constantly remained in all leaves. Given the results, water soluble mineral nutrients of greenhouse crops showed relatively higher in Solanaceae (e.g. paprika and eggplant) than in Cucurbitaceae (e.g. cucumber and watermelon). In this respect, the nutrient management in terms of fertilization and crop uptake is necessary to make crop-specific strategy. Although the criteria for nutrient diagnosis based on water soluble extracts was described in this paper, we carefully suggest that better criteria for nutrient diagnosis should be advanced with consideration for diurnal pattern of water soluble minerals, difference in sample destruction degree, duration of storage of samples taken, and etc.

슬러지로부터 추출한 EPS로부터 중금속제거

김광수 ( Kwang Soo Kim ),정상현 ( Sang Hyun Jung ) 한국수처리학회 2010 한국수처리학회지 Vol.18 No.5

The purposes of this research are to know the heavy metal removal capability of EPSs(Extracellular Polymeric Substances) extracted from activated sludge, and also to find out which kinds of EPSs is the most effective substances for heavy metal removal. To study the heavy metal removal by EPSs, the biosorption tests were performed with bound-EPSs extracted from activated sludge, soluble-EPSs in effluent of activated sludge cultivation reactor, and alkaline soluble-EPSs added NaOH solution to soluble-EPSs to study the effect of OH- radical on biosorption, respectively. Experiments were investigated on Pb, Cd, Cu, As and Zn metal ions and the EPS components were polysaccharides, proteins, uronic acids, humic substances. In the biosorption removal results for heavy metal the soluble-EPSs showed much more removal efficiency than bound-EPSs. Further, as EPS concentration is higher, in case of the soluble-EPSs, the removal efficiency represented the upward trend in order of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd except for As. The heavy metal removal efficiency by the alkaline soluble-EPSs was more effective than by the soluble-EPSs. From the analysis results for variation of the soluble-EPSs components, which performed coincidently with studying on heavy metal removal, the protein portions of them showed more reducing in concentration than others, and also was observed intensive peaks formations and disappearances corresponding to protein and polysaccharide groups with FT-IR spectra. Consequently, the major component of metal biosorption by EPSs was considered the protein component corresponding to amino functional group.

Technical Functional Properties of Water- and Salt-soluble Proteins Extracted from Edible Insects

Kim, Tae-Kyung,Yong, Hae In,Jeong, Chang Hee,Han, Sung Gu,Kim, Young-Boong,Paik, Hyun-Dong,Choi, Yun-Sang Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2019 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.39 No.4

The amino acid composition, protein quality, and protein functionality of protein solution extracted from three edible insect species were investigated. We used 0.02% ascorbic acid and 0.58 M saline solution to extract water-soluble and salt-soluble proteins from the three insect species. Extracted protein solutions of Tenebrio molitor (TM), Allomyrina dichotoma (AD), and Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (PB) were divided into six groups, according to species and solubility: WTM, WAD, WPB (water-soluble), and STM, SAD, and SPB (salt-soluble). Defatted TM had the highest protein content, but its protein solubility was the lowest, for both water and saline solutions. Amino acid composition differed by edible insect species and buffer type; SPB had the highest protein quality, followed by WPB. PB had a higher pH than the other species. Color values also differed among species. SPB had abundant high molecular weight proteins, compared with other treatments; and also had the highest foaming capacity, foam stability, and emulsifying capacity. In conclusion, PB is a good source of functional protein compared with the other studied species. Additionally, protein extraction using saline solution is promising as a useful method for improving edible insect protein functionality.

Physiological Responses to Mineral-Excessive Conditions: Mineral Uptake and Carbohydrate Partitioning in Tomato Plants

Jwakyung Sung,Suyeon Lee,Yejin Lee,Seongsoo Kang,Sangkeun Ha,Yeonkyu Sonn 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.6

The shortage or surplus of minerals directly affects overall physiological metabolism of plants; especially, it strongly influences carbohydrate metabolism as a primary response. We have studied mineral uptake, synthesis and partitioning of soluble carbohydrates, and the relationship between them in N, P or K-excessive tomato plants, and examined the interaction between soluble carbohydrates and mineral elements. Fourweeks-old tomato plants were grown in a hydroponic growth container adjusted with excessive N (20.0 mmol L<SUP>-1</SUP> Ca(NO₃)₂?4H₂O and 20.0 mmol L<SUP>-1 </SUP>KNO₃), P (2.0 mmol L-1 KH₂PO₄), and K (20.0 mmol L-1 KNO₃), respectively, for 30 days. Shoot growth rates were significantly influenced by excessive N or K, but not by excessive P. The concentrations of water soluble N (nitrate and ammonium), P and K were clearly different with each tissue of tomato plants as well as the mineral conditions. The NPK accumulation in all treatments was as follows; fully expanded leaves (48%) > stem (19%) = roots (16%) = petioles (15%) > emerging leaves (1). K-excessive condition extremely contributed to a remarkable increase in the ratio, which ranged from 2.79 to 10.34, and particularly potassium was dominantly accumulated in petioles, stem and roots. Fresh weight-based soluble sugar concentration was the greatest in NPK-sufficient condition (154.8 mg g<SUP>-1</SUP>) and followed by K-excessive (141.6), N-excessive (129.2) and P-excessive (127.7); whereas starch was the highest in K-excessive (167.0 mg g<SUP>-1</SUP>) and followed by P-excessive (146.1), NPK-sufficient (138.2) and N-excessive (109.7). Soluble sugar showed positive correlation with dry weight-based total N content (p<0.01) whereas was negatively correlated with soluble P (p<0.01) and dry weight-based total P (p<0.01). On the other hand, starch production was negatively influenced by total N (p<0.001), but, it showed positive relation with total K concentration (p<0.05). This study shows that uptake pattern of NPK and production and partitioning of soluble carbohydrate were substantially different from each mineral, and the relationship between water soluble- and dry weight-based-mineral was positive.

Physiological Responses to Mineral-Excessive Conditions: Mineral Uptake and Carbohydrate Partitioning in Tomato Plants

Sung, Jwakyung,Lee, Suyeon,Lee, Yejin,Kang, Seongsoo,Ha, Sangkeun,Sonn, Yeonkyu Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.6

The shortage or surplus of minerals directly affects overall physiological metabolism of plants; especially, it strongly influences carbohydrate metabolism as a primary response. We have studied mineral uptake, synthesis and partitioning of soluble carbohydrates, and the relationship between them in N, P or K-excessive tomato plants, and examined the interaction between soluble carbohydrates and mineral elements. Four-weeks-old tomato plants were grown in a hydroponic growth container adjusted with excessive N ($20.0mmol\;L^{-1}$ $Ca(NO_3)2{\cdot}4H_2O$ and $20.0mmol\;L^{-1}$ $KNO_3$), P ($2.0mmol\;L^{-1}$ $KH_2PO_4$), and K ($20.0mmol\;L^{-1}$ $KNO_3$), respectively, for 30 days. Shoot growth rates were significantly influenced by excessive N or K, but not by excessive P. The concentrations of water soluble N (nitrate and ammonium), P and K were clearly different with each tissue of tomato plants as well as the mineral conditions. The NPK accumulation in all treatments was as follows; fully expanded leaves (48%) > stem (19%) = roots (16%) = petioles (15%) > emerging leaves (1). K-excessive condition extremely contributed to a remarkable increase in the ratio, which ranged from 2.79 to 10.34, and particularly potassium was dominantly accumulated in petioles, stem and roots. Fresh weight-based soluble sugar concentration was the greatest in NPK-sufficient condition ($154.8mg\;g^{-1}$) and followed by K-excessive (141.6), N-excessive (129.2) and P-excessive (127.7); whereas starch was the highest in K-excessive ($167.0mg\;g^{-1}$) and followed by P-excessive (146.1), NPK-sufficient (138.2) and N-excessive (109.7). Soluble sugar showed positive correlation with dry weight-based total N content (p<0.01) whereas was negatively correlated with soluble P (p<0.01) and dry weight-based total P (p<0.01). On the other hand, starch production was negatively influenced by total N (p<0.001), but, it showed positive relation with total K concentration (p<0.05). This study shows that uptake pattern of NPK and production and partitioning of soluble carbohydrate were substantially different from each mineral, and the relationship between water soluble- and dry weight-based-mineral was positive.

Physiological Responses to Mineral-Excessive Conditions: Mineral Uptake and Carbohydrate Partitioning in Tomato Plants

성좌경,손연규,이수연,강성수,하상근,이예진 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.6

The shortage or surplus of minerals directly affects overall physiological metabolism of plants; especially, itstrongly influences carbohydrate metabolism as a primary response. We have studied mineral uptake,synthesis and partitioning of soluble carbohydrates, and the relationship between them in N, P or K-excessivetomato plants, and examined the interaction between soluble carbohydrates and mineral elements. Fourweeks-old tomato plants were grown in a hydroponic growth container adjusted with excessive N (20.0 mmolL-1 Ca(NO3)2․4H2O and 20.0 mmol L-1 KNO3), P (2.0 mmol L-1 KH2PO4), and K (20.0 mmol L-1 KNO3),respectively, for 30 days. Shoot growth rates were significantly influenced by excessive N or K, but not byexcessive P. The concentrations of water soluble N (nitrate and ammonium), P and K were clearly differentwith each tissue of tomato plants as well as the mineral conditions. The NPK accumulation in all treatmentswas as follows; fully expanded leaves (48%) > stem (19%) = roots (16%) = petioles (15%) > emerging leaves(1). K-excessive condition extremely contributed to a remarkable increase in the ratio, which ranged from 2.79to 10.34, and particularly potassium was dominantly accumulated in petioles, stem and roots. Freshweight-based soluble sugar concentration was the greatest in NPK-sufficient condition (154.8 mg g-1) andfollowed by K-excessive (141.6), N-excessive (129.2) and P-excessive (127.7); whereas starch was thehighest in K-excessive (167.0 mg g-1) and followed by P-excessive (146.1), NPK-sufficient (138.2) andN-excessive (109.7). Soluble sugar showed positive correlation with dry weight-based total N content(p<0.01) whereas was negatively correlated with soluble P (p<0.01) and dry weight-based total P (p<0.01). Onthe other hand, starch production was negatively influenced by total N (p<0.001), but, it showed positiverelation with total K concentration (p<0.05). This study shows that uptake pattern of NPK and production andpartitioning of soluble carbohydrate were substantially different from each mineral, and the relationshipbetween water soluble- and dry weight-based-mineral was positive.

흰쥐에 정맥 주사한 수용성 크롬의 분포 및 배설

김용래,김치년,노재훈 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Chromium exposure can be in the forms of environmental pollution and occupational exposure. The harmful effects of chromium on the body greatly differ depending on its valence or solubility. Accordingly, the recommended permissible exposure limit for each chromium compound is different. This study investigated the increase or decrease of distribution and excretion of total chromium exposed simultaneously the soluble Cr+6 and Cr+3 compounds. There were no difference of total chromium concentration in plasma, red bloods cells, urine, organs between simul-taneously injected and individually injected soluble Cr+6 and Cr+3 compounds. The chromium clearances in urine also showed that there were two phases in the two groups. In the first phase, biological half lives of the total chromium of the two groups have been similar within 24hr., but in the second phase, biological half life of the group injected simultane-ously was 62.7 hr. and was less than that of the other group's 188.3 hr. The average concentration of total chro- mium in plasma was same with the control, and that of RBCs was 0.218 n ㏖/㎖ and was slightly increased in comparison with 0.121 n ㏖/㎖ of the control, which was not statistically significant. As a result, there were no differences of distribution and excretion of chromium between the group exposed sim-ultaneously and the other group exposed separately the soluble Cr+6 and Cr+3 compounds. The biological half life of chromium of the former group in urine was less than that of the other group.

Expression and Purification of Soluble Recombinant Human Endostatin in Escherichia coli

Cuihong Du,Xiaoping Yi,Yuanxing Zhang 한국생물공학회 2010 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.15 No.2

Endostatin, a 20 kDa C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII, is a specific inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In the present study, we produced soluble and biologically active recombinant human endostatin (rhEndostatin) in Escherichia coli by expressing via fusion with solubility-promoting peptides and optimizing the expression conditions. The rhEndostatin was expressed via fusion with glutathione S-transferase (GST) and NusA protein, respectively. It revealed that NusA protein enhanced the production of soluble rhEndostatin; but GST didn’t. By optimizing the expression conditions, the production of soluble NusA-rhEndostatin fusion protein was about 50% of total cellular proteins and about 90% of the products appeared in the cellular supernatant fraction. The soluble NusA-rhEndostatin fusion protein was purified by one-step hydrophobic interaction chromatography and NusA was removed by thrombin. Then rhEndostatin was purified by affinity chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. As a result, a simple and economical purification procedure for rhEndostatin isolation was obtained. The biological activity of the rhEndostatin was demonstrated in vitro using a human vascular endothelial cells (HuVECs) proliferation assay. Our study provides a feasible and convenient approach to produce soluble and biologically active rhEndostatin.