A Study on Effects of Leisure Constraints According to Serious Leisure Levels

( Milyang Kim ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: Serious leisure is a notion to define modern people``s types of participation in leisure activities. It is generally known that high levels of participation in serious leisure contributes to improving the quality level of life. Although previous research widely explored positive factors such as immersion, entertainment, and motivation to accomplish the high levels of serious leisure, there are only few focusing on leisure constraints to negatively affect the accomplishment of serious leisure. In this regard, this study was motivated in analyzing the effect of leisure constraints according to serious leisure levels. Method: This study statistically analyzed a questionnaire survey over 421 males and females participating in ski and snowboard. The questionnaire survey was designed based on Kim``s SLS II (Serious Leisure Scale ver. 2) and the standard of leisure constraints presented by Hubbard & Mannell (2001). The survey data was processed by factor analysis, reliability analysis, k-means clustering, and one-way ANOVA test in SPSS Statistics 23 for windows. Result: First, the survey data was classified into three groups according to the level of serious leisure: 173 persons in HIGH LEVEL GROUP (HG), 152 persons in MID LEVEL GROUP (MG), and 96 persons in LOW LEVEL GROUP (LG). Second, this study verified that serious leisure is affected by the proposed leisure constraints with statistical significance, which are companion (F=19.947, p<.001), personal characteristics (F=55.547.947, p<.001), condition (F=50.321, p<.001), situation (F=22.054, p<.001), and facility (F=21.284, p<.001). While companion, personal characteristics, and facility showed statistically significant difference between HG and MG as well as HG and LG in a post hoc test, situation and condition marked significant difference between all groups. Conclusion: This study performed an analysis on the effects of five leisure constraints according to serious leisure levels. The result showed that HG is less affected by companion, personal characteristics, and facility constraints than MG and LG. While condition constraint showed the biggest effect on LG and less effect on MG and HG in decreasing order, situation constraint marked the biggest effect on MG and less effect on LG and HG in decreasing order.

여가,레크리에이션 : 진지한 여가(serious leisure)'와 '일상적 여가(casual leisure)'에 대한 고찰

최성훈(ChoiSung-Hun) 한국체육학회 2003 한국체육학회지 Vol.42 No.6

The purpose of this study was to understand the ‘serious leisure’ that has been introduced in leisure and recreation. Serious leisure have many merits, but lack of research and agreement of the term in Korea. As a matter of fact, the term of serious leisure was called not only professional type leisure or participant type leisure but also not so much as risky sports, risk-taking sports, or extreme sports, which was negative feelings and images. Obviously, serious leisure was a counterpart of casual leisure. The meaning of ‘serious’ imply earnestness, sincerity, importance, and carefulness, then if we were not for ‘serious’ in participant leisure, we can’t obtain self-actualization, self-enrichment, self-expression, regeneration or renewal of self, feeling of accomplishment, social interaction and belongingness. The results of this study were as follow: First, serious leisure was just ‘serious leisure’ not professional or participant type leisure in terminology. Second, we establish measurement instrument of serious leisure that harmonized with korea situation. Third, we make theoretical framework of serious leisure to understand and predict serious leisure behavior.

인문,사회과학편 : 진지한여가 척도의 재정립

김미량(MiLyangKim) 한국체육학회 2015 한국체육학회지 Vol.54 No.2

이 연구는 진지한여가 척도를 재정립하고 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이제까지 국내외에서 개발된 진지한여가 척도로는 SLSES(serious leisure sports experience scale), SLIM(serious leisure inventory and measure),SLS(serious leisure scale)등이 있다. 이 연구를 위해 먼저 기존 척도들에 대한 문제점을 지적하고 이를 보완하기 위해 SLS를 재검토하여 척도를 다시 구성하였다. 척도의 재정립을 위해 6명의 여가학전문가를 구성하여 진지한여가 척도의 하위요인 및 조작적 정의를 재구성하였고 각 요인에 대한 문항을 검토하여 수정하였다. 수정된 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도 검증을 위해 여가스포츠 활동에 참여하고 있는 380명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 최종적으로 353개의 데이터를 통계분석하였다. 연구결과 먼저, 재정립 된 진지한여가 척도는 인내, 여가전문성, 개인적노력, 지속적혜택, 여가정체성 및 독특한 기풍의 6개 요인으로 구성되었고 각 요인의 조작적정의를 하였다. 둘째, 재정립된 진지한여가 척도(SLSII)의 신뢰도와 타당도는 통계적으로 적절한 것으로 검증되었다. 진지한여가척도II(SLSII)는 향후 진지한여가에 대한 양적 연구의 발전에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다. The current study reviewed critical issues of several serious leisure measures with a purpose to refine the serious leisure scale (SLS) pertaining to the characteristics of serious leisure. The review of the most commonly known scales in the extant literatures include the serious leisure sports experience scale (SLSES), serious leisure inventory and measure (SLIM), and the serious leisure scale (SLS). The review results generated meaningful insights that supplemented the serious leisure scale and further examination of reliability and validity tests provided empirical evidence to support the scale. The SLS reconstruction process involved six serious leisure experts to redefine scale dimensions, serious leisure qualities, and measurement items. Total of three hundred and eighty subjects participating in leisure sport activities were surveyed for statistical analysis. The analysis results indicated six serious leisure qualities (i.e., perseverance, leisure career, personal effort, durable benefits, leisure identity, and unique ethos). The serious leisure scale was finally redefined and labeled as the serious leisure scale II (SLSII). This particular scale may significantly contribute to research development in the domain of leisure studies in general and serious leisure in particular.

진지한 여가 수준에 따른 진지한 여가 비용의 하위요인 차이 분석

김홍설,김태환,황선환 한국사회체육학회 2018 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.74

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences inse rious leisure costs and it’s sub-factors based on the levels of serious leisure. A total of 370 participantsn iserious leisure activities were collected using th e purposive sampling method. In order to achieve the goals of the current study, various statistical analyses including frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, reliability & validity analyses, K-means cluster analysis, and Oneway ANOVA were conducted employing SPSS 25.0 Version. From ther esults of these analyses, we found a s follows. First, higher group of serious leisure levels perceived higher costs of serious leisure. Second, as the level of serious leisure increases, the sub-factors of perceived serious leisure costs (time, financial, physical, and psychological costs) increase except for the social cost of seiorus leisure. Therefore, in order to improve th e quality of leisure activity, we need to pay more attention to the negative effects of serious leisure named as ‘the serious leisure cost’as well as the positive effects of serious leisure named as ‘the benefits of serious leisure.’

상태로써의 진지한 여가 수준 탐색

김미량 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2019 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.43 No.2

This study was to investigate the level of serious leisure as a state. For this purpose, the literature on serious leisure state and levels was extensively reviewed to define the level of serious leisure state. For the study, 471 participants in amateur tournaments such as baseball, tennis, basketball, squash, soccer and golf were analyzed. Statistical analysis utilizes SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0, and the following results were obtained: First, serious leisure means status and a low score of serious leisure does not mean casual leisure. Therefore, when using a serious leisure measure, the survey should be conducted on serious leisure participants. Second, the serious state of leisure participation can be divided into core devotee, moderate devotee and participant, which means that serious leisure is low, medium and high. This state can be measured by a serious leisure measure. Third, the characteristics of sub factories vary depending on the state of serious leisure. In particular, participants felt that they were making more personal efforts than key and appropriate devotees, while those who were committed felt that there were more durable benefits through serious leisure participation.

진지한 여가와 진지한 여가 비용의 관계 검증

김자현,김태환,황선환 한국융합과학회 2024 한국융합과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

구목적 이 연구의 목적은 진지한 여가와 진지한 여가비용의 관계를 탐구하는데 탐구하는데 있다. 구체적으로 진지한 여가외 부정적 결과물인 2차 비용의 관계에서 1차 비용의 매개효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법 연구대상은 생활체육활동에 참여하는 20세 이상을 모집단으로 설정했다. 할당표집법을 활용해 406명에게 설문조사를 실시했으며, 37부를 제외한 총 355부를 실제분석에 활용했다. 자료처리방법은 SPSS 27.0, AMOS 27.0 프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계분석, 신뢰도분석, 확인적 요인분석, 상관관계분석, Process Macro 4번 모델을 활용한 매개효과 분석을 실시했다. 결과 도출된 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 진지한 여가는 2차 비용에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 반면, 1차 비용은 진지한 여가와 2차 비용 사이에서 매개하여 완전매개모형이 검증되었다. 결론 이연구의 결과를 통해 진지한 여가 참여 과정에서 신체적, 심리적, 시간적, 금전적 소비가 증가할 때 부정적인 결과물인 진지한 여가 비용의 2차 비용이 발현된다는 것을 확인했다. 이는 진지한 여가 비용이발현되는 패러다임을 검증했다는 점에서 의미가 있다. Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between serious leisure and serious leisure cost. Specifically, it aims to test the mediating effect of pre cost on the relationship between serious leisure and post cost, which are negative outcomes of serious leisure. Methods The study's population consisted of individuals aged 20 years or older who participate in daily physical activity. A survey was administered to 406 people using the quota sampling method. Out of these, 355 responses were utilized for the actual analysis, after excluding 37 copies. The data processing methods used were frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and mediation effect analysis utilizing the Process Macro Model 4, all conducted using the SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 27.0 programs. Result The derived research results are as follows. Serious leisure did not have a significant impact on post cost. On the other hand, pre cost mediated between serious leisure and post cost, confirming a full mediation model. Conclusion The results of this study confirm that during the process of engaging in serious leisure, when physical, psychological, temporal, and financial expenditures increase, post cost—which are negative outcomes of serious leisure cost—are manifested. This is significant as it validates the paradigm in which serious leisure costs emerge

합의 델파이 방법을 통한 Serious Leisure의 개념화

김미량(MiLyangKim),원형중(HyungJoongWon),홍석표(SeokPyoHong) 한국체육학회 2008 한국체육학회지 Vol.47 No.1

본 연구는 serious leisure의 합일된 용어의 선택과 개념의 세분화 및 하위요인의 개념을 정립하는데 연구목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 문헌연구와 델파이방법을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 위해 델파이 패널로 여가학 분야의 전문가 11명이 구성되었다. 구체적으로 이론적 배경이 되는 관련 문헌과 선행연구들을 조사하여 serious leisure의 용어와 하위요인을 구안하고, 델파이 방법을 통하여 전문가 합의를 거쳐 용어를 정립하고 하위요인을 개념화 하였다. 먼저 용어정립을 위해 3차에 걸친 전문가 델파이 조사를 통해 의견을 합일하였고, 다시 3차에 걸친 델파이 조사를 통해 serious leisure의 개념을 재정립하였다. 그 결과 첫째, serious leisure의 용어는 ‘진지한 여가’로 사용하는데 전문가들의 의견이 일치 하였다. 둘째, 진지한 여가의 하위요인으로는 인내, 전문성 노력, 지속적인 결과, 개인적보상, 사회적보상, 비용, 고유감정, 동일시, 전념 등 10개의 요인으로 세분화되어 개념화하였다. This study aimed to determine a unitary Korean terminology of 'serious leisure', and to erect a conceptual subdivision of substructural factors pertaining to serious leisure: to accomplish this purpose, a delphi technique was used. 11 experts in leisure studies were organized for the study. Literatures theoretically related and antecedent researches were reviewed to frame a draft of the Korean terminology and of the substructural factors of serious leisure. The delphi technique was conducted to meet experts' agreement on coining the terminology and on conceptualizing substructural factors afterwards. Above all, the delphi technique was carried out three times to reach consensus on coining the Korean terminology, and another series of studies (3 times) reconstruction of concepts of serious leisure were performed. The result of the study were: first, it was consented by the experts to translate serious leisure into '진지한 여가' in Korean: second, serious leisure was conceptualized into ten substructural factors as follows - persevere, career effort, durable outcomes, personal reward, social reward, costs, unique ethos, identification, commitment.

진지한 여가 비용의 개념화

김태환(Taehwan Kim),황선환(Sunhwan Hwang) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2018 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.42 No.3

The purpose of the current study was to conceptualize the serious leisure cost and to provide fundamental knowledge on serious leisure cost in order to help researchers understand the various serious leisure costs. To achieve these goals, we conducted the constant literature review and three times delphi surveys. As the results of the delphi surveys, the serious leisure cost was divided into two folds: the first(pre-) cost and the second(post-) cost. The concept of serious leisure cost was defined as ‘two kinds of costs including the first cost meaning concrete and intangible resources consumed for serious leisure activities such as financial, time, social, physical, and psychological resources and the second cost meaning the financial, time, social, physical, and psychological-side negative outcomes resulted from serious leisure participation.’ Additionally, the scale of serious leisure cost consists of five factors including time cost, financial cost, social cost, physical cost, and psychological cost. The study had significance to establish clear criteria applicable to various costs generated from participation in serious leisure activities and to expand the serious leisure theory for the future studies on the negative outcomes of serious leisure.

주짓수 참여자의 여가열의가 진지한 여가에 미치는 영향

임재홍(LimJaehong),김영재(KimYoungjae) 한국체육학회 2018 한국체육학회지 Vol.57 No.5

본 연구에서는 여가활동으로 주짓수에 참여하고 있는 일반인을 대상으로 여가열의의 하위요인이 진지한 여가에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 개인적 특성에 관한 문항과 여가열의, 진지한 여가의 척도로 구성하였다. 본 연구에서는 조사대상자에 대한 개인적 특성을 조사하기 위해 성별, 연령, 참여기간, 대회참여 유무 문항으로 구성하였다. 여가열의는 Kim(2012)이 재구성한 한국판 여가열의 척도(Leisure Engagement Scale; LES) 질문지를 사용하였고, 진지한 여가 척도는 Stebbins(1992)가 최초에 제시한 여섯 가지 진지한 여가의 특성을 바탕으로 하여 Kang(2014)의 척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위하여 SPSS ver21.0 program을 이용하여 자료처리 하였다. 구체적인 자료처리방법은 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하기 위하여 탐색적 요인분석과 신뢰도 분석을 실시하였으며, 여가열의, 진지한 여가의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과 주짓수 참여자의 여가열의 하위요인 중 효능감 요인이 진지한 여가에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 대회참여에 유무 따른 주짓수 참여자의 여가열의가 진지한 여가의 관계에서 대회 참여자들에게 효능감이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 대회 비참여 사람들은 효능감이 낮게 나타났다. 그밖에 헌신의 요인도 주짓수 참여자의 연령, 경력에 따라 여가열의와 진지한 여가의 관계에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sub - factors of leisure enthusiasm on serious leisure activities in general people participating in Jiu-jitsu as leisure activities. In order to investigate the personal characteristics of the subject, sex, age, duration of participation, and presence / absence of the participant were included. Leisure enthusiasm used the Korean version of the Leisure Engagement Scale (LES) questionnaire, which was reconstructed by Kim(2012), and the serious leisure scale was based on the six serious leisure characteristics originally Stebbins(1992) presented by Kang(2014) were used. Data were processed using SPSS ver21.0 program to perform this study. In order to verify the reliability and validity of the data processing method, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted. Multiple regression analysis was performed by examining the relationship between leisure enthusiasm and serious leisure. The results of this study showed that Jiu-Jitsu participant's among the sub-factors of leisure enthusiasm the efficacy factor has the most effect on the serious leisure. Whether or not you participate in the competition the relationship between the leisure enthusiasm and serious leisure the people who experienced the competition showed a high sense of efficacy for the people they did not experience. In addition, the factor of commitment was the factor influencing the relationship between leisure enthusiasm and serious leisure according to the age and career of Jiu-jitsu.

여자 야구동호인의 부정적 여가비용 연구: 진지한 여가 이론을 중심으로

정하나,김미량 한국융합과학회 2024 한국융합과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identiry the differences in serious leisure expenditures among female baseball players according to their level of serious leisure. Methods The selected data were subjected to reliability analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS 27.0 and AOMS 24.0. Results The results showed that there was no significant difference in the cost of serious leisure according to the level of serious leisure, and only time cost was significantly different among the subfactors of serious leisure according to the level of serious leisure. These results confirm that the level of serious leisure is a determinant of serious leisure costs. Conclusion The significance of the study is that it identifies the true cost of participating at a level of seriousness in a sport that already has a high barrier to entry for women