A study on the morphology of polystyrene-grafted poly(ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films prepared using a simultaneous radiation grafting method

Song, J.M.,Ko, B.S.,Sohn, J.Y.,Nho, Y.C.,Shin, J. Pergamon 2014 Radiation physics and chemistry Vol.97 No.-

The morphology of polystyrene-grafted poly(ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films prepared using a simultaneous radiation grafting method was investigated using DMA, DSC, XRD, and SAXS instruments. The DMA study indicates that the ETFE amorphous phase and PS amorphous phase are mixed well in the PS-grafted ETFE films while the ETFE crystalline phase and the PS amorphous phase are separated, suggesting that the PS chains are grafted mainly on the ETFE amorphous regions. The DSC and XRD data showed that the natural crystalline structures of ETFE in the grafted ETFE films are not affected by the degree of grafting. The SAXS profiles displayed that the inter-crystalline distance of the ETFE films increases with an increasing degree of grafting, which further implies that the PS graft chains formed by the simultaneous irradiation has a significant impact on the amorphous morphology of the resulting grafted ETFE film. Thus, these results indicate that the styrene monomers are mainly grafted on the ETFE amorphous regions during the simultaneous radiation grafting process.

Surface modification of polypropylene sheets by UV-radiation grafting polymerization

Cho, Jung-Dae,Kim, Soon-Gi,Hong, Jin-Who Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.99 No.4

<P>1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) was grafted onto polypropylene (PP) substrates in the presence of benzophenone (BP) and isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) photoinitiators, and then polyurethane acrylate formulations were coated onto the HDDA-g-PP substrates, using UV radiation. The amount grafted and the grafting efficiency of the polymerizations were determined gravimetrically. The effects of the photoinitiator concentration and the UV radiation intensity on the physicochemical surface properties and the grafting efficiency of the UV-radiation grafting polymerizations were characterized in detail using contact-angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total internal reflection, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the amount grafted and the surface polarity of the HDDA-g-PP substrates both increased linearly with increasing BP photoinitiator concentration and UV radiation intensity, and that the addition of a small amount of ITX markedly enhanced both parameters, probably due to photosensitization. The adhesion of the UV-cured coating onto the HDDA-g-PP substrates was evaluated using the crosshatch adhesion test. The results indicated that the amount of HDDA grafted onto the PP substrates should exceed about 1 mmol/cm<SUP>2</SUP> for satisfactory adhesion with the UV-cured coating. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1446–1461, 2006</P>

Surface modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by radiation-induced graft polymerization

정찬희,Dong-Ki Kim,최재학 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.11

Polystyrene-grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully synthesized by a simultaneous radiation-induced graft polymerization process. The degree of grafting was found to be strongly dependent on the grafting conditions such as the absorbed dose and the initial monomer concentration in the grafting solution. The results showed that polystyrene was successfully grafted onto the surface of MWCNTs. The synthesized polystyrene-grafted MWCNTs exhibited a good solubility in organic solvents. Polystyrene-grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully synthesized by a simultaneous radiation-induced graft polymerization process. The degree of grafting was found to be strongly dependent on the grafting conditions such as the absorbed dose and the initial monomer concentration in the grafting solution. The results showed that polystyrene was successfully grafted onto the surface of MWCNTs. The synthesized polystyrene-grafted MWCNTs exhibited a good solubility in organic solvents.

AN ENGINEERING SCALE STUDY ON RADIATION GRAFTING OF POLYMERIC ADSORBENTS FOR RECOVERY OF HEAVY METAL IONS FROM SEAWATER

TL PRASAD,AK SAXENA,PK TEWARI,D SATHIYAMOORTHY 한국원자력학회 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.8

The ocean contains around eighty elements of the periodic table and uranium is also one among them, with a uniform concentration of 3.3 ppb and a relative abundance factor of 23. With a large coastline, India has a large stake in exploiting the 4 billion tonnes of uranium locked in seawater. The development of radiation grafting techniques, which are useful in incorporating the required functional groups, has led to more efficient adsorbent preparations in various geometrical configurations. Separation based on a polymeric adsorbent is becoming an increasingly popular technique for the extraction of trace heavy metals from seawater. Radiation grafting has provided definite advantages over chemical grafting. Studies related to thermally bonded non woven porous polypropylene fiber sheet substrate characterization and parameters to incorporate specific groups such as acrylonitrile (AN) into polymer back bones have been investigated. The grafted polyacrylonitrile chains were chemically modified to convert acrylonitrile group into an amidoxime group, a chelating group responsible for heavy metal uptake from seawater/brine. The present work has been undertaken to concentrate heavy metal ions from lean solutions from constant potential sources only. A scheme was designed and developed for investigation of the recovery of heavy metal ions such as uranium and vanadium from seawater.

AN ENGINEERING SCALE STUDY ON RADIATION GRAFTING OF POLYMERIC ADSORBENTS FOR RECOVERY OF HEAVY METAL IONS FROM SEAWATER

Prasad, T.L.,Saxena, A.K.,Tewari, P.K.,Sathiyamoorthy, D. Korean Nuclear Society 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.8

The ocean contains around eighty elements of the periodic table and uranium is also one among them, with a uniform concentration of 3.3 ppb and a relative abundance factor of 23. With a large coastline, India has a large stake in exploiting the 4 billion tonnes of uranium locked in seawater. The development of radiation grafting techniques, which are useful in incorporating the required functional groups, has led to more efficient adsorbent preparations in various geometrical configurations. Separation based on a polymeric adsorbent is becoming an increasingly popular technique for the extraction of trace heavy metals from seawater. Radiation grafting has provided definite advantages over chemical grafting. Studies related to thermally bonded non woven porous polypropylene fiber sheet substrate characterization and parameters to incorporate specific groups such as acrylonitrile (AN) into polymer back bones have been investigated. The grafted polyacrylonitrile chains were chemically modified to convert acrylonitrile group into an amidoxime group, a chelating group responsible for heavy metal uptake from seawater/brine. The present work has been undertaken to concentrate heavy metal ions from lean solutions from constant potential sources only. A scheme was designed and developed for investigation of the recovery of heavy metal ions such as uranium and vanadium from seawater.

폐수처리용 PVDF 분리막의 방사선 가교 특성 연구

김탁현,임승주,강성주,신인환 (사)한국방사선산업학회 2018 방사선산업학회지 Vol.12 No.1

This study examines Poly vinylidene fluorine (PVDF) membrane modification by glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) using the radiation induced graft polymerization. To evaluate the effects of GMA monomer concentrations and absorbed doses, various experimental conditions were tested in the laboratory. The morphology of membrane surface was significantly changed by increasing radiation intensity and GMA concentration. The roughness of membrane surface was decreased from 480 nm to 210 nm. The sulfonyl group and elemental sulfur on the membrane surface were analyzed using FT-IR and EDS. The concentration of elemental sulfur was increased as degree of grafting was increased. The water flux of grafted membrane showed 10 times higher than that of virgin membrane. Additionally, the grafted membrane shows good flux recovery in wastewater filtration. This result leads to the PVDF membrane was effectively functionalized by radiation-induced grafting polymerization.

Radiation-grafted proton exchange membranes based on co-grafting from binary monomer mixtures into poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) film

Sohn, Joon-Yong,Sung, Hae-Jun,Song, Joo-Myung,Shin, Junhwa,Nho, Young-Chang Pergamon 2012 Radiation physics and chemistry Vol.81 No.8

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In this study, proton exchange membranes (PEMs) based on a poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) film were synthesized through the graft copolymerization of styrene and VTMS (vinyltrimethoxysilane), or styrene and TMSPM (3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate) binary monomer systems using a simultaneous irradiation method. The prepared membranes with the similar degrees of grafting were investigated by measuring ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity, water uptake, chemical stability, and dimensional stability. The results indicate that the silane-crosslinked proton exchange membrane (PEM) has not only lower water uptake and dimensional change but also high proton conductivity at low humidity condition compared to non-crosslinked poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)-g-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (ETFE-g-PSSA). Also, the chemical stability of silane-crosslinked fuel cell membranes was more improved than that of non-crosslinked fuel cell membrane.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Preparation of the proton exchange membranes by radiation grafting. ► Co-grafting from binary monomer mixtures into polymer membrane by γ-ray irradiation. ► Silane-crosslinked proton exchange membranes by sol–gel reaction. ► Improvement of proton conductivity of silane-crosslinked proton exchange membranes in low humidity condition.</P>

Surface functionalization of commercially available polyolefin-based non-woven fabric via ionizing radiation-induced graft polymerization

한동석,홍랑기,박석영,황인태,손준용,정찬희,최재학,신관우,신준화 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

In this research, the surface functionalization of chemically-stable polyolefin-based non-woven fabric was studied by ionizing radiation graft polymerization. To investigate the optimal conditions for the functionalization, polypropylene fabric (PP) was irradiated by electron beam under the nitrogen atmosphere at the different absorbed doses, and then acrylic acid as a functional monomer was graft polymerized under various conditions of solvent, monomer concentration, reaction time and temperature. The functionalized PP was characterized in terms of grafting degree, chemical structure, thermal decomposition temperature, and morphology. The analytical results reveals that the polyacrylic acid-grafted PP with the grafting degree of 40 ~ 200% can be produced under the optimum condition, and leading to the homogeneously surface-functionalized PP.

Ecofriendly preparation of highly-functionalized nonwoven fabric (NF) by radiation-induced grafting in water and its application to adsorbent

김태연,황인태,손준용,전준표,정찬희,신관우,신준화 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0

In this study, the highly-functionalized polypropylene nonwoven fabric (NF) is prepared via electron beam-induced grafting in emulsion for an application to metal adsorbent. The porous NFs were irradiated by electron beam at 20 kGy in N2 condition. Afterward, graft polymerization was performed on the pre-irradiated NF in emulsion solution with the glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer, and the Tween 80 surfactant. The epoxide groups on the grafted NF was directly changed to amino groups through amination reaction with ethylenediamine. Based on the analytical results, the highly-functionalized NF was successfully produced and the result of Ag adsorption test exhibited over 97% of adsorption performance within 20 min.

Preparation of Patterned Polymer Brushes by Radiation-Induced Grafting

Jae-Hak Choi,Chan-Hee Jung,Dong-Ki Kim,Ramakrishnan Ganesan 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.3

Surface modification of polytetrafluoroethylene film was carried out by radiation-induced graft polymerization. This film was first modified prior to graft polymerization by Ar+ ion irradiation in order to activate the surface. Subsequently, graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto the activated surface was carried out under aqueous conditions to create patterned polymer brushes of poly(acrylic acid). The structure of the grafted surface was characterized by using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface modification of polytetrafluoroethylene film was carried out by radiation-induced graft polymerization. This film was first modified prior to graft polymerization by Ar+ ion irradiation in order to activate the surface. Subsequently, graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto the activated surface was carried out under aqueous conditions to create patterned polymer brushes of poly(acrylic acid). The structure of the grafted surface was characterized by using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).