독일유기농업 동향과 발전의 주요인 3가지

손상목 한국국제농업개발학회 2017 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

The top country of organic agriculture becomes nowadays well known Germany in terms of technical levels not only in the field of organic plant & animal production but also food processing & marketing. In this paper, 3 main factors which exerted a strong influence on the evolution & development of German organic agriculture in Germany were discussed.First, German Universities such as University of Bonn, University of Giessen, and Hohenheim University established Dept of Organic Agriculture and offers the organic agriculture major in the Master & Ph D course, while University of Kassel established College of Organic Agriculture and offers 23 major courses in various organic agriculture sectors. Furthermore most agriculture colleges in Germany offers some organic agriculture subjects to the students, because organic agriculture is one of the emerging industries in the agricultural sector, and farmers and consumers pay a great attention. There are 50 universities which offer agriculture courses in Korea, nevertheless none of Korean university offers Dept of Organic Agriculture. Second, German federal government established National Institute of Organic Agriculture in Trenthorst and tried to develop new scientific technology and skills for organic plant and animal production. And these new technical information was transferred to organic farmers through Demonstration Farm which is located in more than 200 sites. Third, Organic Agriculture Extension Service Center such as Kompetenzzentrum Oekolandbau Niedersachen (KÖN) was established in each states from 2002. These Organic Centers offer various advices for organic farmers verified scientifically or and the technical package for conversion farmer too.

Values of Organic Farming and the Establishment of a Local Circulatory Economy

윤병선(Byeong Seon Yoon),Sun Up Kim,Heung Ju Kim 지역사회학회 2014 지역사회학 Vol.15 No.3

Power related to agricultural production has become concentrated ever more rapidly as Neoliberalism becomes globalized. Industrial agriculture can be defined as an agriculture that is subordinated to capital for agricultural materials, production, and processing. In response to this current tendency, organic farming, which tries to restore a self-reliant system and recover the relationship between humans and nature, emerges as an alternative to industrial agriculture. However, thought is needed to determine whether organic farming has followed its fundamental values. Like industrial agriculture, the input materials of organic farming were replaced by external input materials that were produced by agribusinesses. One of the ways to overcome this conventionalization of organic farming and to realize the original values of organic agriculture is to combine organic agriculture with a local circulatory economy based on small-scaled family farming. As organic farming is an agriculture considering circulation, it would be difficult to maintain the values of organic farming solely through the efforts of organic farmers. It is also necessary to establish a local circulatory economy to restore the values of organic farming.

유기농산물 소비자인식이 재구매의사에 미치는 영향

서용실,서윤정,이진홍,이병오 한국유통과학회 2015 유통과학연구 Vol.13 No.11

Purpose – The number of consumers adopting a lifestyle of health and sustainability has recently increased with the rise of trends in healthy living. The size of the organic agricultural product market has also increased given that these consumers prefer consuming environmentally friendly products that promote family health. However, awareness of organic agricultural products remains insufficient because of the characteristics of the Korean organic agriculture system, which only focuses on food safety inspection. The object of this research is to suggest a policy approach to increase understanding and to expand the purchasing of organic agricultural products by analyzing the influence of customer recognition of such products on their willingness to repurchase. Research design, data, and methodology – This study used binomial logistic regression analysis with the aim of explaining the effects of consumers’ socio-demographic characteristics, their awareness of the equivalence arrangement for organic food and of the abolishment of low-pesticide agricultural product certification, and their viewing of negative broadcasts about organic agricultural products on their repurchase intention of such products. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 655 re-spondents who were in their 20s, lived either in Seoul or in its metropolitan area, and had purchased organic agricultural products. Result – From the results of the analysis, the majority of the respondents recognized organic agricultural products, but they found their prices to be expensive. The majority of the respondents were also aware of the certification system and the reliability of organic agricultural products. However, the results indicate that efforts need to be made to recover consumer trust as many respondents stated that their trust levels in these products were low. In general, those purchasing organic agricultural products were satisfied, but those answering "very satisfied" were not in the majority. Binomial logistic regression analysis results revealed that repurchase intention decreased as consumers viewed a greater number of negative broadcasts about these products. On the other hand, repurchase intention increased as they became more aware of the abolishment of low-pesticide certification. Repurchase intention also increased as income increased, as the number of family members decreased, and when a consumer was a member of a consumer organization. In addition, the older the consumers were who watched the TV programs, the smaller the number of family members that were aware of the abolishment of low-pesticide agricultural product certification and, the higher the income of the consumers aware of organic equivalence arrangement, the greater their repurchase intention. Conclusion – External stimuli, such as negative TV programs on organic agricultural products and the abolishment of the low-pesticide agricultural product certification, relevant social issues and systems, influence consumer repurchase intention. To that end, positive environmental and ecological broadcasting about organic agricultural products would contribute to an increase in purchasing. Additionally, this could be used for promotion and marketing plans as the results indicate that trust in organic agricultural products would cause a positive repurchasing effect.

사회적 경제블럭과 지역사회협동농업 -원주지역에서의 유기농업과 의료생협의 융합 사례-

최덕천 ( Deog Cheon Choi ) 한국협동조합학회 2011 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.29 No.3

This study discussed the organic agriculture movement practices in Wonju, to realize that the value of organic agriculture through Social Economy Bloc and Community Cooperative Agriculture. In Wonju, the organic agriculture movement and the cooperative movement began with in the mid-1960s, and finally, 22 organizations gathered to Wonju Social Economy Bloc(WSEB) in March 2011, and mutual assistance was initiated within the Social Economy Bloc. WSEB`s sales of 24.6 billion, employment of 475 persons, members of 31,000 by 2010. In the current, the characteristics of organic agriculture movement in Wonju is as follows: First, organic farmers should serve as an innovator in the Social Economy Bloc. Second, urban-rural communities activities are sustained by ecological governance and cooperative network. Third, organic agriculture has a more advanced value through the support of the Health Care Consumers Cooperative(HCCC). Fourth, the value of organic agriculture is able to realize through a system of Community Cooperative Agriculture (CCA). Fifth, as a result, the Social Economic Bloc has built the foundation of circular economy & society.

광역단지 유기농업 경영체 분석과 발전방향

정학균,김창길,장정경 한국유기농업학회 2010 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

The objective of this paper is to analyze management performance of organic farming management organizations in the large-scale environment-friendly agricultural districts, focusing on cases of organic farming organizations in Chungnam Asan city and Gyeongnam Sancheong-gun which are leading regions in Korean organic agriculture. The management performance in Asan Organic Farming Organization showed that ratio of operating gain to revenue in 2008~2009 increased by 1.2% point compared to in 2006~2007. The management performance in Sancheong Organic Farming Organization showed revenue gain by KRW 2 million in 2009 whereas it suffered a loss by KRW 24 million in 2008. The management performances implied that the amount of financial performance was not yet large and would be a symbol for soundly developing organic farming organization. This paper suggested that network system, recycling agriculture, and the enlargement of processing industry would be very useful to maximize synergy effect in organic farming organizations in a large-scale environment-friendly agricultural districts.

원주지역에서의 유기농업 활동과협동조합 역할과의 관계 연구-Delphi Technique을 활용한 인식조사-

최덕천 한국유기농업학회 2015 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

This study started with two questions. The first question is ‘Why does organic agriculture want to be linked with cooperative?’ The second is ‘What is the charac-teristics of the mutual relationship between organic agriculture and cooperative?’, especially in Wonju. Up to now, there have been various kinds of discussion about cooperation between organic agricultural campaign and cooperative in Wonju. But there are few concrete data showing what role cooperative plays in the cyclical process of production -distribution-consumption of organic agriculture. Thus, we conducted a survey applying the Delphi technique to the 35 organic agricultural specialists active in Wonju. First, small-scale family farm producers established a social economic cooperative network in around 2003 to perform ‘the activities of innovators’ through forming an organization. Producers moved from the stage in which they were supported one-sidedly by consumers to the stage where they could ‘lead’ cooperation. Each farm organization built a vertical integration, and horizontal cooperative systems with other farm organizations. But, practical cooperative activities have remained in the doldrums. They tend to show trends deviating from the principles of organic agriculture and cooperative. Second, the relationship between producers and consumers in Wonju can be described as ‘producer-consumer cooperative type’. In Wonju, the producers’ organization is not a sub-contractor which simply deliver organic agricultural products to producers’ cooperative, but is an equal subject which creates its own value chain. The cooper-ative (cooperative organization) leads distribution and consumption of organic agricultural products and mutual communication. But, the closeness between pro-ducers and consumers has got loosened. And, it is problematic that the proportion of local food consumption in Wonju is very low. There is a very strong tendency to ride the central distribution system of producers’ cooperative coalition. Conse-quently, it is necessary for producers’ cooperatives in Wonju to run a local food distribution system based on the ‘cooperative system among cooperatives’.

지역별 순환농업의 유형에 관한 연구

조익환 ( Jo Ik-hwan ) 한국유기농업학회 2003 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.11 No.3

So far, we have pursued only convenient and efficient growth of economy, as a result, environment surrounding us has been destroyed and the rights of our existence gotten to be even threatened. We need to ensure our lives and at the same time, need a power with which agriculture undertakes global circulation structure and a power that is able to preserve our environment we live per se. Therefore, in the near future, the final objectives of agriculture structure for 21st century would be to increase productivity of highly developed agricultural products in accordance with the ecosystem and a recycling agriculture. What is a recycling agriculture? In the narrow sense, it means provisions-producing- system related to interactive recycle of material among forestry, livestock husbandry and seeding agriculture. In the broad sense, it means to produce credible agricultural product by keeping balanced resources via conversion to complete degradable material of organic wastes produced within rural village. Based on this concept, finally, our goal is to construct the resources recycling community. Environment friendly agriculture ⇒ organic agriculture ⇒ recycling (circulation) agriculture ⇒ construction of community with resources recycling. Therefore, in order to construct recycling agriculture, most of all, it is considered that the following, it should be established reasonable standard amounts for fertilizer, manure and liquid fertilizer based on results of soil test by each region, nature-recycling form of crops production and livestock production systems by maximizing utilization of different recycling byproducts occurring in the crop producing process by each region.

광역단지 유기농업 경영체 분석과 발전방향 -유기농클러스터를 중심으로-

정학균,김창길,장정경,Jeong, Hak-Kyun,Kim, Chang-Gil,Jang, Jeong-Kyung 한국유기농업학회 2010 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

The objective of this paper is to analyze management performance of organic farming management organizations in the large-scale environment-friendly agricultural districts, focusing on cases of organic farming organizations in Chungnam Asan city and Gyeongnam Sancheong-gun which are leading regions in Korean organic agriculture. The management performance in Asan Organic Farming Organization showed that ratio of operating gain to revenue in 2008~2009 increased by 1.2% point compared to in 2006~2007. The management performance in Sancheong Organic Farming Organization showed revenue gain by KRW 2 million in 2009 whereas it suffered a loss by KRW 24 million in 2008. The management performances implied that the amount of financial performance was not yet large and would be a symbol for soundly developing organic farming organization. This paper suggested that network system, recycling agriculture, and the enlargement of processing industry would be very useful to maximize synergy effect in organic farming organizations in a large-scale environment-friendly agricultural districts.

초·중등학교 교양농업교육을 위한 발전 전략

방기혁 한국실과교육학회 2022 한국실과교육학회지 Vol.35 No.1

The purposes of this study were to identify the current status and problems of general agricultural education by education-related organizations and agriculture-related organizations, and to suggest development strategies for general agricultural education in elementary and secondary schools. To this end, the organizational charts, related tasks, and major business plans of education-related organizations and agriculture-related organizations that operate general agricultural education for elementary and secondary schools were analyzed. For general agricultural education in elementary and secondary schools, education-related organizations such as the Ministry of Education, metropolitan and provincial offices of education, and city·gun·gu education support offices were promoting tasks such as organizing and operating elementary and secondary curriculum, and agriculture-related organizations such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, and Rural Development Administration, city·province Agricultural Technology Center, and city·gun Agricultural Technology Center were operating programs other than the curriculum, such as rural experience, 4-H, and daily horticulture. However, the curriculum operation by education-related organizations lacked the contents in subjects and creative experiential activities. There was insufficient linkage with education-related organizations. Based on these analysis and previous research results, the development strategy for general agricultural education in elementary and secondary schools was divided into a short-term strategy linking education-related organizations and the newly established department in charge of general agricultural education in agriculture-related organizations, and general agricultural education in education-related organizations and agriculture-related organizations, a medium-term strategy linked by the newly established education organization and a long-term strategy connected by the education-related organization and the agriculture-related organization based on the relevant laws so that it could be implemented in stages. Such a step-by-step development strategy needs to be pursued in parallel with the positive perception of the members of general agricultural education, the review of the national curriculum for general agricultural education, the formation and continuous discussion of the expert T/F team, and the continuous publicity for the public. 이 연구는 교육 관련 조직과 농업 관련 조직에 의한 교양농업교육의 운영 현황과 문제를 파악하고, 초·중등학교 교양농업교육을 위한 발전 전략을 제시하기 위한 것이었다. 이를 위하여 초·중등학교 교양농업교육을 운영하는 교육 관련 조직과 농업 관련 조직의 조직도, 관련 업무, 주요 업무 계획 등이 분석되었다. 초·중등학교 교양농업교육을 위해서는 교육 관련 조직인 교육부, 시·도 교육청, 시·군·구 교육지원청에서 초·중등 교육과정 편성·운영 등의 업무를 추진하고, 농업 관련 조직인 농림축산식품부, 농촌진흥청, 시·도 농업기술(원)센터, 시·군 농업기술센터 등에서 농촌 체험, 4-H회, 생활 원예 등과 같은 교육과정 외 프로그램을 운영하고 있었다. 그러나 교육 관련 조직에 의한 교육과정 운영은 교과 및 창의적 체험활동에 교양농업교육 내용이 부족하고, 비정상적으로 운영되고 있었으며, 농업 관련 조직의 교육과정 외 프로그램에서는 교양농업교육 전담 기구의 부재, 교양농업교육 운영 기관 및 단체 간 관련 사업의 중복, 교양농업교육 프로그램의 다양성 부족, 국가 수준과 지역 수준의 플랫폼 운영 미흡 등으로 교육 관련 조직과의 연계가 부족하였다. 이러한 분석 및 선행 연구 결과를 토대로 초·중등학교 교양농업교육을 위한 발전 전략은 교육 관련 조직과 농업 관련 조직의 교양농업교육 담당 신설 부서가 연계하는 단기 전략, 교육 관련 조직과 농업 관련 조직의 교양농업교육 전담 신설 기구가 연계하는 중기 전략, 교육 관련 조직과 관련 법에 근거한 농업 관련 조직의 교양농업교육 전담 신설 기구가 연계하는 장기 전략으로 구분하여 단계적으로 추진될 수 있도록 제시하였다. 이와 같은 단계별 발전 전략은 교양농업교육 구성원들의 긍정적인 인식, 교양농업교육을 위한 국가 교육과정의 검토, 전문가 T/F 팀의 구성 및 지속적인 논의, 국민 대상의 지속적인 홍보 등과 병행하여 추진할 필요가 있다.

유기농업 철학과 원칙의 회복을 통한 위기 극복 방안

김 호 한국유기농업학회 2017 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

The organic farming was begun with principles and values like environmental friendliness, symbiosis, and cooperation and circulation. And there has cut keen market competition, as sales and market size of organic agricultural products have been much larger. Thus producers and consumers have kept up with the market trend making light of the philosophy and principle of organic agriculture. So cases of fraud or false certification have been increased since 2010. Accordingly, not a few consumers have distrusted of the safety of organic agricultural products. And the status of organic agriculture has shown downward trend and market size of organic agricultural products has been reduced since 2012. Thus the income of organic agricultural farmers hasn't been increased. It is thought that present organic agriculture fell into the crisis. Now, organic agricultural farmers should practice farming methods based upon the philosophy and principle of organic agriculture in order to overcome its crisis.