미디어교육에 있어서 노인의 자기주도학습: 노인학습자의 동기, 자기관리, 자기 모니터링에 대한 미디어 강사와의 심층인터뷰를 중심으로

전제아(Jae Ah Jeon) 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.1

자기주도학습은 전통적인 학령기 학습자와 학교 교육 영역의 관심 주제로 여겨지는 경향이 있으나, 원래는 성인학습자의 특징으로 강조되어 왔다. 이 연구는 성인학습자의 범주에 속한다고 볼 수 있는 노인들의 경우에는 자기주도학습을 어떻게 수행하는가를 살펴보기 위하여 출발하였다. 특히 노인인구 확대와 미디어 생태계의 변화 속에서 그 필요성이 절실해진 노인미디어교육에서는 노인의 주체적인 미디어 이해·활용 역량 함양을 강조하고 이를 위해서 미디어교육 자체가 자기주도학습으로 이루어질 것을 지향하고 있음에 주목하면서, 미디어교육에서 노인의 자기주도학습이 실제로 어떻게 이루어지는지 이해하고자 하였다. 이 연구는 노인 미디어교육을 담당하는 강사와의 심층인터뷰를 통해 노인의 자기주도학습에 대하여 동기(motivation), 자기 관리(self- management), 자기 모니터링(self-monitoring)을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 노인학습자들은 미디어교육에 대한 성과, 경험, 관계 중심의 동기를 보이고 있었다. 자기관리에 있어서는 노인학습자들이 미디어교육의 과정·활동·내용 등에 있어서 분명한 의사표현과 요구를 지속적으로 제시하거나 미디어교육 강사 또는 학습동료들과의 관계를 교육자원으로 활용하는 등 관계지향성을 보였고 그 외에는 다른 수행 방식이 드물었다. 자기 모니터링에 있어서는 자신의 학습 과정이나 수행방식에 대한 모니터링은 두드러지지 않았고, 드물게 자신의 학습여건, 또는 자신의 삶에 대한 성찰이 이루어졌다. 또한 동기, 자기관리, 자기모니터링 모두에 있어서 노인의 자기주도학습은 정도 차이가 클 뿐만 아니라 수행 방식도 이질적이라는 점, 동기에 있어서는 비교적 자기주도적이지만 이 점이 자기관리와 자기모니터링으로 항상 연결되는 것은 아니라는 점, 자기주도적인 노인들도 관계의존성이 높다는 점, 자기관리와 자기모니터링에 있어서 일회적이거나 임시적인 경우가 높다는 점, 노인의 자기주도학습은 개인차가 매우 두드러진다는 점 등을 살펴보았다. 이 연구는 앞으로 노인이 주체가 되는 미디어교육을 지향하기 위해서는 노인 학습의 다양한 양상을 반영할 수 있도록 프로그램 및 접근방법의 다각화를 모색할 필요가 있으며, 미디어 강사의 도움 이외에 다양한 학습 자원을 제시하고 활용할 수 있도록 도모할 필요가 있다는 점, 학습 동기를 자기관리와 자기 모니터링까지 끌고 갈 수 있는 방식을 제시할 필요가 있다는 점, 개인차를 고려할 수 있는 교육과정의 마련이 필요하다는 점 등의 시사점을 주었다. This study aims to explore how old adults has been practiced self-directed learning in media education for old adults. More specifically, it examines how motivation, self-management, and self-monitoring, which are considered the three characteristics of self-directed learning, are carried out in media education for old adults. Employing in-depth interview method, the data collection of this study includes six media instructors who have more than two years of experience working with old adults in various districts of South Korea. The data analysis reveals the following. First, old adult learners are self-directed as they have motivation, which is related to accomplish- ment, experience, and relationship. Second, old adults tend to be self-managed as they present their own response to the content, process, and activity of media education programs in which they participate. In addition, they make use of their human relationships, such as those with media teachers and classmates, as educational resources. Third, old adult learners perform self-monitoring by reflecting on their own lives as a learning environment. Ironically, their self-monitoring led them to be self-directed as well as dependent. In conclusion, media instructors have paid attention to how diverse old adult learners perform self-directed learning, and their motivation has not always led them to self-management and self-monitoring. The results suggest that media education for old adult learners should address how to provide educational opportunities, enrich educational resources other than media instructors, and improve the learning environment.

노인들의 절화 종류 및 화색에 대한 선호도

우국례,유용권 인간식물환경학회 2012 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.15 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the degree of preference on cut flower types and color in old adults. In survey about flower preference, the old adults over 81.5% answered to "very like" and "like", especially 97.7% of demented old adults liked flowers. The most favorite flower was rose, followed by lily, carnation, sun flower, gypsophila, spray chrysanthemum, gladiolus, and gerbera. The old adults participated in this program preferred generally red flower color better than the others, then pink and yellow successively. But, demented old adults preferred the yellow than pink flower color. In preference of rose flower color, old adults liked red color best, next to yellow and orange in demented old adults, pink and orange in recuperating and cohabiting old adults, and orange and pink in solitary old adults preferred. All old adults liked red flower color in carnation. In preference of gerbera flower color, demented old adults liked red and yellow color, but recuperating, solitary, and cohabiting old adults preferred red and orange color. Demented and recuperating old adults liked white color of Lilium longiflorum and yellow color of asiatic lily, and solitary and cohabiting old adults preferred white color of Lilium longiflorum and pink color of oriental lily. All of the participants liked white and yellow color of spray chrysanthemum. 본 연구에서는 치매노인, 요양노인, 독거노인, 가족 동거노인 등 다양한 노인들을 대상으로 절화 및 화색 선호도를 조사하여 노인에 대한 기본적인 심리의 특성을 이해하고, 원예치료 프로그램 구성시 기초 자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 노인에게 절화에 대한 선호도를 조사한 결과 “매우 좋아한다”와 “좋아한다”가 81.5%로 나타났고, 특히 치매노인들은 97.7%로 절화를 좋아하는 것으로 나타났다. 절화류 중에서 모든 대상자가 장미를 가장 선호하였고, 그 다음으로 나리, 카네이션, 해바라기, 안개초, 스프레이 국화, 글라디올러스, 거베라 순이었다. 절화의 화색은 빨강색을 가장 선호하였고, 분홍색과 노랑색 순이었으며, 치매노인은 빨강색, 노랑색, 분홍색 순으로 선호하였다. 장미의 화색은 모든 노인들이 빨강색을 선호하였고, 그 다음으로 치매노인은 노랑색과 주황색을, 요양노인과 가족동거노인은 분홍색과 주황색을, 독거노인은 주황색과 분홍색을 좋아하였다. 카네이션은 모든 노인 대상자들이 빨강색을 가장 선호하였다. 거베라는 치매노인은 빨강색과 노랑색을, 입소시설요양노인, 가족동거노인, 독거노인은 빨강색과 주황색 순으로 선호하였다. 나리는 치매노인과 입소시설요양노인은 흰색 나팔나리과 노랑색 아시아틱나리를, 독거노인과 가족동거노인은 흰색 나팔나리와 분홍색 오리엔탈나리 순으로 선호하였다. 스프레이 국화는 모든 노인 대상자들이 흰색과 노랑색을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

노인들의 절화 종류 및 화색에 대한 선호도

우국례,유용권 한국인간·식물·환경학회 2012 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구에서는 치매노인, 요양노인, 독거노인, 가족 동거노인 등 다양한 노인들을 대상으로 절화 및 화색 선호도를 조사하여 노인에 대한 기본적인 심리의 특성을 이해하고, 원예치료 프로그램 구성시 기초 자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 노인에게 절화에 대한 선호도를 조사한 결과 “매우 좋아한다”와 “좋아한다”가 81.5%로 나타났고, 특히 치매노인들은 97.7%로 절화를 좋아하는 것으로 나타났다. 절화류 중에서 모든 대상자가 장미를 가장 선호하였고, 그 다음으로 나리, 카네이션, 해바라기, 안개초, 스프레이 국화, 글라디올러스, 거베라 순이었다. 절화의 화색은 빨강색을 가장 선호하였고, 분홍색과 노랑색 순이었으며, 치매노인은 빨강색, 노랑색, 분홍색 순으로 선호하였다. 장미의 화색은 모든 노인들이 빨강색을 선호하였고, 그 다음으로 치매노인은 노랑색과 주황색을, 요양노인과 가족동거노인은 분홍색과 주황색을, 독거노인은 주황색과 분홍색을 좋아하였다. 카네이션은 모든 노인 대상자들이 빨강색을 가장 선호하였다. 거베라는 치매노인은 빨강색과 노랑색을, 입소시설요양노인, 가족동거노인, 독거노인은 빨강색과 주황색 순으로 선호하였다. 나리는 치매노인과 입소시설요양노인은 흰색 나팔나리과 노랑색 아시아틱나리를, 독거노인과 가족동거노인은 흰색 나팔나리와 분홍색 오리엔탈나리 순으로 선호하였다. 스프레이 국화는 모든 노인 대상자들이 흰색과 노랑색을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate the degree of preference on cut flower types and color in old adults. In survey about flower preference, the old adults over 81.5% answered to “very like” and “like”, especially 97.7% of demented old adults liked flowers. The most favorite flower was rose, followed by lily, carnation, sun flower, gypsophila, spray chrysanthemum, gladiolus, and gerbera. The old adults participated in this program preferred generally red flower color better than the others, then pink and yellow successively. But, demented old adults preferred the yellow than pink flower color. In preference of rose flower color, old adults liked red color best, next to yellow and orange in demented old adults, pink and orange in recuperating and cohabiting old adults, and orange and pink in solitary old adults preferred. All old adults liked red flower color in carnation. In preference of gerbera flower color, demented old adults liked red and yellow color, but recuperating, solitary, and cohabiting old adults preferred red and orange color. Demented and recuperating old adults liked white color of Lilium longiflorum and yellow color of asiatic lily, and solitary and cohabiting old adults preferred white color of Lilium longiflorum and pink color of oriental lily. All of the participants liked white and yellow color of spray chrysanthemum.

1970년대 이전의 노인교육 발전과정 연구

박정호 ( Chong Ho Park ),김경희 ( Kyoung Hee Kim ) 충남대학교 교육연구소 2011 교육연구논총 Vol.32 No.1

본 논문은 기존의 근대적 노인교육의 시발점을 1970년대 ``태화관(泰和館)``, ``덕명의숙(德明義塾)``, ``인왕노인학교(仁旺老人學校)``등에서 실시된 노인교육으로 바라본 역사적 사실에서 나아가 개화기부터 1970년대 이전에도 노인교육의 여러 원시유형(原始類型)들이 존재하였음을 밝히는 것이다. 또한 이러한 노인교육의 역사적 활동들이 1970년대 이후 근대적 노인교육의 원동력이 되었고, 나아가 개신교회가 민족의 개화, 계몽, 독립과 함께 노인교육의 역사를 같이해 왔음을 발견하는데 목적이 있다. 이 연구는 노인교육의 사(史)적 연구로 시대적 구분은 개화기(1885)-해방기(1945)의 ``계몽적 선교활동 시기``, 1950년대-1960년대의 ``사회사업 성격의 노인교육 활동 시기``로 나타났으며, ``계몽적 선교활동 시기`` 노인교육의 특징은 계몽교육, 선교교육에 포함된 노인교육, 문맹퇴치, 만민평등, 문해교육, 언론 및 종교기관에 의한 노인교육이었으며 ``사회사업 성격의 노인교육 활동 시기`` 노인교육의 특징은 경로회 위주의 노인행사, 문맹퇴치, 성인학교, 국민통합의 평생교육, 노인관련 저서 및 정책 소개, 노인관련 단체의 등장이었다. Going one step forward the historical fact that the start point of Modern Education for Old Adult was 1970s that Taehwagwan, Deokmyungeuisuk, Inwang Seniors School, the objective of this study is to clean that the original types were been from Era of Enlightenment prior to 1970s. Also this historical acts of Education for Old Adult were motive power for Modern Education for Old Adult and Korean Protestant Church was together with Korean civilization, enlightenment, independent, Education for Old Adult. From this historical study, historical division was appeared that Enlightenment Era(1885)-Independence Era(1945): Era of Enlightenment missionary act, 1950s-1960s: Era of social works for Education act for Old Adults. Characteristics of Education for Old Adult of ``Era of Enlightenment missionary act`` was Enlightenment education, senior education included on missionary education, eradication of literacy, equality of citizens, literacy education, senior education by the press and religious institutions and ``Era of social works for Education act for Old Adult`` was Senior`s Community oriented senior events, eradication of illiteracy, adult school, continuing education of unification of citizens, senior related references, introduction of policies, increase of number of senior related communities.

일본 노인의 자원봉사경험에 관한 사례연구

김윤정(Kim Yun-Jeong),장세철(Chang Seoi-Cheol) 대한일어일문학회 2009 일어일문학 Vol.43 No.-

Japan has already entered into an aged society, and volunteer activities of old adults are more activated, compared to Korea. This case study of Japanese volunteer experiences aimed to seek some implications for the activation of volunteer activities of old adults in Korea where productive and successful aging recently increases. For the study, 9 Japanese old adults volunteer with facilities for old adults in Japan were interviewed on December, 2008. In addition, observations and content analysis on "Volunteer 00" published by old adult volunteers were used for data analysis. Interview took one and half hours on average, and questions were not restricted to freely answer them, but some questions on beginning time, motive, frequency, and effects of volunteer activities on community were semi-structured. Interview were recorded and analysed. Volunteer participation of Japanese old adults was initiated by surrounding ones' recommendation, and past experiences and occupation were not directly related to volunteer activities. The type of volunteer activities occurred in all fields of facilities for old adults. Old adults through volunteer activities found the true meaning of life, and extended their knowledge on organization, diseases, community and social relationship. The interviewees answered that they will trust themselves to the facilities when they get ill later. Japanese elderly volunteers recommended to Korean ones that they participate in activities as a main body, enjoy it very much, grow through volunteering education, seek family support, and serve to community with a group of friends.

전·후기 고령자의 복합순환운동이 신체조성, 혈중지질성분 및 기초체력에 미치는 영향

오현경(Oh, Hyun-Kyung),권정현(Kwon, Jung-Hyun),이호성(Lee, Ho-Seong) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of combined circuit training on body composition, blood lipids and physical fitness in young-old and older-old adults. Seventy older adults were randomly assigned to young-old training group (YOG, n=28), older-old training group (OOG, n=26), young-old control group (YCON, n=7) and older-old control group (OCON, n=9). The combined circuit training were performed for 60 minutes, 3 times a week, for 8-week. Body composition, blood lipids profile and physical fitness were measured before and after combined circuit training. Body weight and BMI was significantly decreased in OOG after 8-week exercise than that before (p<.05, respectively). Waist circumference and %body fat was significantly decreased in YOG and OOG after training than before (p<.05, respectively). HDL-C and LDL-C was significantly increased in YOG and OOG after training than that before (p<.05, respectively). All indicators of physical fitness were significantly improved after training in YOG and OOG than that before (p<.05, respectively). And 3 m sit-walk and return test and figure 8 walk test was significantly improved in YOG compared with OOG, YCON and OCON (p<.05). These results suggest that combined circuit training improves body composition, blood lipid and physical fitness in young- and older-old adults. Young-old is more effective for improvement of physical fitness compared to older-old.

고령자의 관점에서 살펴본 노인의 연령기준

김정현(Junghyun Kim) 한국노년학연구회 2019 한국 노년학연구 Vol.28 No.2

노인 연령기준은 다양한 시각으로 논의되고 있으나, 한국에서는 통상 65세 이상을 노인으로 간주한다. 본 원고는 65세 이상 인구가 생각하는 노인 연령기준에 대해 살펴보기 위하여 2018년 서울시 노인실태조사 분석하였다. 2018년도 조사결과에 의하면, 현재 65세 이상 서울시민 3,034명이 생각하는 노인 연령기준은 평균 72.5세로, 사회제도적 노인 연령기준인 65세와 차이가 있었다. 75세 이상부터 노인이라는 응답률은 2016년 23.0%에서 40.1%로 증가하였다. 노인 연령기준을 다섯 범주로 나누어 응답자 특성과 교차분석을 실시한 결과, 65세 이상 서울시민의 연령, 학력, 경제상태․건강상태․여가활동 만족도, 우울여부에 따라 노인 연령기준에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다. 자신의 현재 삶에 대해 긍정적으로 평가하는 응답자 일수록 더 높은 노인 연령기준을 제시하였다. 당사자인 노인 인구 내에서도 노인 연령기준에 대한 다양성이 확인된 것이다. 원활한 노년기로의 전환을 돕기 위하여 실제 고령자들이 생각하는 노인 연령기준이 그들의 삶에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구가 필요하다. There might be various perspectives on the chronological definition for old age, but Koreans consider 65 years or older as old age. The goal of this study was to grasp older adults’ perspective on chronological definition for old age. In order to achieve this goal, the “2018 Seoul Aging Survey” data of 3,034 Seoul citizens over 65 years old were analyzed in this study. According to the 2018 Survey, the citizens responded that the chronological age for old age was 72.5 years in average. The ratio of considering over 75 years old as old age increased from 23.0% in 2016 to 40.1% in 2018. The results of cross tabulation analyses showed that there were statistically significant differences in chronological definition for old age according to the respondents’ age, education level, satisfaction levels of economic status, health status, and leisure activities, and depression level. The more satisfied with their current life the respondents are, the higher levels the chronological definition of old age is. Diverse perspectives on the chronological definition for old age were found among the older adults. For supporting adaptation to later life, the impact of subjective chronological definition for old age on older adults needs to be evaluated.

고령자의 노인기준연령에 대한 인식이 사회참여에 미치는 영향

이삼식,최효진 충남대학교 사회과학연구소 2019 사회과학연구 Vol.30 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the perception of when old age begins (perception of old age) and the impact of the perception of old age on social participation. We used data obtained from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, a nationally representative study of older adults aged 65 and over. The sample included 10,073 older adults. We found that older adults had a different idea about old age. In particular, 57.6 percent thought that old age starts at 70 years and only 12.8 percent thought it starts at 65 years. Also, the perception of old age predicted social participation after controlling for socio-demographic variables. In particular, older adults who think that old age starts later had greater participation in lifelong education and club activities. These findings highlight the importance of the perception of old age for an active life.

16주 스텝-밴드 운동이 전기·후기 노인의 체구성과 SFT에 미치는 영향

안동수(An, Dong-Su),변용현(Byun, Young-Hyun) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of step-band exercise on body composition and SFT(Senior Fitness Test) in the Young-Old(YOA, n=13) and the Old-Old Adults(OOA, n=19). The step-band exercise needed equipments-a steeper and a thera band was performed for 90 minutes, 2 times a week, for 16-week. Body composition, SFT were measured before and after the step-band exercise. To analyze effects of exercise results, Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was carried out by each variable. The statistical significance level was set for α=.05. The results of this study are as follows: First, Body weight, BMI and WHR significantly were decreased in all group after 16-week exercise(p<.05). BFM(body fat mass), %BF were significantly decreased in OOA after 16-week exercise(p<.05). But MM(muscle mass) was statistically increased in OOA(p<.05). Second, there was no significant an interaction related to SFT between a time and a group and the step-band exercise improved all measurements of SFT in all groups(p<.05). There was no significant differences between two groups(p<.05) in Arm curl, 2-Min step, back stretch area. These results suggest that step-band exercise improves body composition and SFT in young- and old-old adults. In this study, the step-band exercise was especially more effective to the OOA than the YOA.

성공적 노화에 대한 청소년세대와 노년세대의 인식 차이에 관한 연구

이창식 ( Chang Seek Lee ) 한국가족관계학회 2007 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.12 No.3

This study was aimed to compare the awareness of successful ageing between two different generations, and to investigate variables to affect the awareness of successful ageing of each generation. Data were collected from 207 adolescents and 149 old adults. Main results were summarized as follows: First, the study showed that there were both of differences and similarities in the awareness of successful ageing between adolescents and old adults. Old adults were higher in the awareness of stable dwelling and use of surplus ability, and planning of purposive life as successful ageing than adolescents. But there was no significant difference in healthy and sound family relationship between two generations. Second, adolescents who were male, attending high school, living in rural and fishery areas, and high in living standards, showed higher scores in the awareness of successful ageing than any other adolescents. Third, for old adults, male old adults were higher in healthy and sound family relationship as the awareness of successful ageing and ADL than female ones. As shown above, except for sex and ADL variables, that there were no differences in awareness of successful ageing among variables meant a lot of consensus of successful ageing. Finally, for adolescents, healthy and sound family relationship was affected by sex, school level, living standards, and intimacy with grandparents, stable dwelling and use of surplus ability was affected by school, and planning of purposive life was affected by school level and living standards. For old adults, on the other hand, all of sub-factors of successful aging were affected by only ADL in this study.