준불연 저방사 복합 단열재 개발에 관한 연구

권영철(Kwon, Young-Cheol),박민수(Park, Min-Su) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2016 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.10 No.6

Non-combustible Low-Emissivity Hybrid Insulation has enclosed reflective air spaces between aluminum foils which have very low emissivity. The reflective air spaces are composed of optimum-sized air cells which are enclosed by fire-retarding polyethylene foam. The critical difference between Low-Emissivity Hybrid Insulation and conventional reflective insulations is the presence of a honey-comb structure formed from polyethylene that serves as the core material. Low-Emissivity Hybrid Insulation has foil surface emissivity of 0.03 with enclosed air cells between foils. Its core material is 35 times foamed fire-retarding polyethylene foam which is expanded to make air cells. The enclosed air cells with foil reduce convective and radiative heat transfer. To verify the high efficiency of Non-combustible Low-Emissivity Hybrid Insulation, it has been tested by an accredited laboratory designated by the Korean government. The purpose of this paper is to provide insulation design to meet the reinforced building insulation and fire safety standards. The result of this paper also presents non-combustible insulations which can be used as exterior insulations for the buildings above 6 stories. Non-combustible Glass wool 48K, Mineral wool, Phenol Foam and Low-Emissivity Hybrid Insulation for the exterior wall of apartment buildings in central region can be used as thick as 155mm, 180mm, 90mm and 100mm, respectively.

대전광역시 공동주택 불연성 생활폐기물의 효율적 분리배출 및 수집운반 방안에 관한 연구(설문을 중심으로)

조수준(Soo-Joon Cho),서준교(Jun-Gyo Seo),김재영(Jae-Young Kim),배병웅(Byeong-Woong Bae),김민재(Min-Jae Kim),신민석(Min-Seok Shin),유대영(Dae-Young Yoo),김영호(Young-Ho Kim) 한국환경관리학회 2020 環境管理學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

공동주택에서 발생하는 생활폐기물이 종량제봉투에 가연성과 불연성 폐기물이 혼합된 상태로 소각시설, 환경에너지타운(SRF시설)으로 반입되고 있는 실정이다. 그리고 이것들은 폐기물처리시설의 효율성 저하, 수리비 증가 등을 유발하고 있다. 즉 불연성 폐기물에 대하여는 배출단계부터 분리배출하고 수거하여 매립장으로 반입될 수 있도록 개선할 필요성이 있다. 따라서 공동주택 불연성폐기물 배출체계 개선에 대한 연구를 위하여 대전광역시 5개 구청 별로 균일하게 시민 258명과 100세대 이상의 공동주택의 관리사무소 26곳을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 100세대 이상의 공동주택(아파트)거주자(약 77.9%)로 가족수는 약 65.5%가 3~4명이고, 연령대는 20대와 50대가 가장 높게 조사되었다. 또한 불연성 생활폐기물의 분리배출 시행에 대하여, 찬성(약 71% 이상)이 높고, 모든 주택을 대상으로 시행의견(약 56%)이 높게 조사되었다. 시범사업은 본사업의 결정 후 1개 구청 100세대 공동주택 5곳을 대상으로 시행후 150세대 공동주택을 대상으로 시행하고, 불연성 생활폐기물(유리류, 도자기류, 어패류, 각종뼈다귀, 고양이 배변모래)의 별도 분리, 배출·수거주기는 배출자가 1회/주, 지정요일(19:00~24:00)을 희망하고 있었다. 불연성 폐기물 전용봉투는 현 종량제 봉투 판매처에서 현 종량제봉투와 색상, 재질, 크기가 다른 전용봉투를 개별로 구입하여, 공동주택 동별로 설치된 악취방지 전용수거함에 배출토록 한다. 아울러 철저한 분리·배출 할 수 있도록 관리사무소에서 관리(CCTV) 및 교육 강화를 희망하고 있다. In apartment buildings, flammable and non-combustible waste is mixed in domestic waste carried into the environmental energy towns (SRF facilities), and the efficiency of waste treatment facilities is decreasing, and equipment repair costs are increasing. To improve this, system must be established so that non-combustible waste can be separated from the discharge stage and collected and transported to landfills. Accordingly, in order to study the emission system of non-combustible housing waste, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 258 citizens and also 26 apartment management offices over 100 households by five district offices in Daejeon. About 77.9% of residents in apartments with more than 100 households and among them, households of 3-4 people account for about 65.5%, with residents in their 20s and 50s being the most. About 71% of respondents were in favor of sorted discharge of noncombustible waste, of which about 56% said that they should be implemented for all homes. After deciding this project, the pilot project will be implemented for five 100 households apartments in one district, and will be implemented for 150 households afterwards. The discharge / collection cycle is once a week, and the non-combustible waste (glasses, ceramics, seafood, various bones, cat excrement sand) is separated on designated days (19:00 to 24:00) and non-combustible waste-only bags are purchased separately from the current standard plastic garbage bag sales store and the bags with different colors, materials, and sizes are purchased separately, and discharged to the odor prevention dedicated collection box installed in each apartment complex. It is hoped that the management office will manage the process by using CCTV and also strengthen the education, and promotion so that thorough separation and discharge can be achieved.

Landsat TM 영상자료를 활용한 삼척 대형산불 피해지의 비이산화탄소 온실가스 배출량 추정

원명수 ( Myoung Soo Won ),구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),이명보 ( Myung Bo Lee ),손영모 ( Yeong Mo Son ) 한국농림기상학회 2008 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.10 No.1

지구온난화 문제는 국지적, 국내적 환경문제가 아닌 범지구적 차원에서 해결하여야 할 문제로 온실가스 규제와 지구환경의 조화를 위한 국제적 노력이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 바이오매스 연소시 배출되는 비이산화탄소의 배출량을 정량적으로 추정하기 위한 방법론을 제시하고자 하였고, 산불피해지 구분은 물론 피해강도에 따라 배출되는 비이산화탄소 온실가스를 정량적으로 추정하기 위해 위성영상 자료를 활용하였으며, IPCC 기준인 Tier 2 수준으로 비이산화탄소 온실가스 배출량을 추정하였다. 본 연구에서는 2000년 4월에 발생한 우리나라 최대산불인 삼척피해지를 대상으로 산불 전후 동일시기에 관측된 Landsat 위성영상으로부터 정규탄화지수(NBR)를 추출하여 산불피해지역과 피해강도를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 위성영상에서 추출된 피해면적과 피해강도별 분석자료는 바이오매스 연소로 인해 직접 배출되는 비이산화탄소 배출량 추정을 위한 활동자료로 활용하였다. 비이산화탄소 배출량 추정을 위해 IPCC의 추정식을 이용하였다. 산불피해강도별 연소효율은 피해강도가 ``심``(burn severity: high)인 수관화 지역의 경우 0.43, 피해강도 ``중``(burn severity: moderate) 0.40, 그리고 피해강도가 ``경``인 지표화지(burn severity: low)의 경우는 0.15를 적용하였다. 바이오매스 연소시 배출되는 비이산화탄소 온실가스별 배출계수는 CO 130, CH4 9,NOx 0.7, N2O 0.11 값을 적용하였다. 삼척 산불피해지의 dNBR에 의한 피해강도 분석 결과, 전체 피해면적은 16,200ha로 나타났으며, 피해강도는 ``경(Low: dNBR 152 이하)`` 35%, ``중(Moderate: dNBR 153-190)`` 33%, ``심(High: dNBR 191-255)`` 32%의 면적분포를 보였다. 임상별 피해면적은 침엽수림 11,506ha(77%), 활엽수림 453ha(3%) 그리고 혼효림에서 2,978ha(20%)의 피해를 입은 것으로 평가되었다. 삼척 산불피해지의 바이오매스 연소로 인해 직접 배출된 비이산화탄소 배출량 추정 결과, CO 93%, CH4 6.4%, NOx 0.5%, N2O 0.1%의 순으로 배출량이 많았다. 삼척 산불피해지의 강도별 피해면적은 32%-35%의 분포로 고른 양상을 보이고 있지만 피해강도 ``중`` 지역에서 배출된 비이산화탄소의 양이 전체의 47%를 차지하여 배출율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 삼척산불 피해지의 총 비이산화탄소 온실가스 배출량은 CO 44.100Gg, CH4 3.053Gg, NOx 0.238Gg 그리고 N2O는 0.038Gg이 배출된 것으로 추정되었다. This study was performed to estimate non-CO2 greenhouse gases (i.e., GHGs) emission from biomass burning at a local scale. Estimation of non-CO2 GHGs emission was conducted using Landsat TM satellite imagery in order to assess the damage degree in burnt area and its effect on non-CO2 GHGs emission. This approach of estimation was based on the protocol of the 2003 IPCC Guidelines. In this study, we used one of the most severe fire cases occurred Samcheock in April, 2004. Landsat TM satellite imageries of pre-and post-fire were used 1) to calculate delta normalized burn ratio (dNBR) for analyzing burnt area and burn severity of the Samcheok large-fire and 2) to quantify non-CO2 GHGs emission from different size of the burnt area and the damage degree. The analysis of dNBR of the Samcheok large-fire indicated that the total burnt area was 16,200ha and the size of the burnt area differed with the burn severity: out of the total burnt area, the burn severities of Low (dNBR < 152), Moderate (dNBR = 153-190), and High (dNBR = 191-255) were 35%, 33%, and 32%, respectively. It was estimated that the burnt areas of coniferous forest, deciduous forest, and mixed forest were about 11,506ha (77%), 453ha (3%), and 2,978ha (20%), respectively. The magnitude of non-CO2 GHGs emissions from the Samcheok large-fire differed significantly, showing 93% of CO (44.100Gg), 6.4% of CH4 (3.053Gg), 0.5% of NOx (0.238Gg), and 0.1% of N2O (0.038Gg). Although there were little changes in the total burnt area by the burn severity, there were differences in the emission of non-CO2 GHGs with the degree of the burn severity. The maximum emission of non-CO2 GHGs occurred in moderate burn severity, indicating 47% of the total emission.

배기가스 재순환이 적용된 비예혼합 연소시스템의 공해물질 배출 특성

김진수(Jinsu Kim),유병훈(Byeonghun Yu),이창언(Chang-Eon Lee) 한국연소학회 2013 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2013 No.12

The non-premixed combustion system applying exhaust gas recirculation was investigated to achieve the low pollutant emission. In this study, it was studied the effects of EGR on NOx and CO emissions with various EGR methods and EGR ratios. As results, when EGR was applied, NOx and Co emission index decreased. In addition, FI-EGR showed a better result than AI-EGR in terms of pollutant reduction at the same EGR ratios. Especially, in the case of 20% of FI-EGR ratio at co-axial nozzle. NOx and CO emission index reduction rates were about 29%, 48%, and in the case of 15% of FI-EGR ratio at swirl burner. NOx and CO emission index reduction rates were about 61%, 28%.

3-D Simulation of Combustion Process of DME Spray under Engine Condition

Jaeman Lim(임재만),Yongrae Kim(김용래),Kyoungdoug Min(민경덕),Woo Kang(강우) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The characteristics of spray. auto-ignition and combustion process of DME (Dimetyl ether) were investigated by 3-D simulation in a combustion vessel under high temperature and pressure conditions and engine conditions. Spray impingement and non-premixed combustion model were developed and incorporated into the computational fluid dynamics code, STAR-CD. Peng-Robinson EOS was introduced to calculate the evaporating rate of DME droplets in high pressure conditions. A Laminar flamelet concept was used to simulate non-premixed combustion. As the chemical mechanism of DME, a skeletal chemical kinetics mechanism which consists of 28 species and 45 reactions was derived by approximation of the detailed mechanism. In comparison with experimental data, the flamelet-concepted combustion model predicted the essential feature of the combustion process and the autoignition characteristics of the DME spray reasonably well for the various initial conditions. Also, the combustion process of the DI engine fueled by DME was simulated and verified by experiment data.

3-D Simulation of the combustion process for di-methyl ether-fueled diesel engine

Lim, Jae-Man,Kim, Yong-Rae,Lee, Sang-Yul,Chung, Jae-Woo,Kang, Woo,Min, Kyoung-Doug 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.12

The characteristics of spray, auto-ignition, and the combustion process of di-methyl ether (DME) were investigated using a 3-D simulation of a combustion vessel under various engine conditions, including high temperature and pressure. Spray impingement and non-premixed combustion models were incorporated into the computational fluid dynamics code, called STAR-CD. A Peng-Robinson equation of state was introduced to calculate the evaporation rate of DME droplets that were exposed to high-pressure conditions. A Laminar flamelet concept was used to simulate non-premixed combustion. A skeletal chemical kinetics mechanism consisting of 28 species and 45 reactions was used as the chemical mechanism for DME. Compared with the experimental data, the flamelet concept combustion model predicted the essential features of the combustion process and auto-ignition characteristics of the DME spray reasonably well for various initial conditions. The combustion process of a direct injection engine fueled by DME was also simulated and verified through experimental data.

비연소 배출특성을 활용한 탄소중립시대의 자동차세 개선방안 연구: 자동차 보유세를 중심으로

장재민(JANG, Jaemin),이유봉(LEE, Eubong),조도형(JO, Dohyoung) 대한교통학회 2022 대한교통학회지 Vol.40 No.3

정부는 수송부분의 탄소중립 추진을 위해 내연기관 자동차를 점진적으로 친환경자동차로 전환할 계획이다. 그러나 현행 자동차세는 배기량(cc) 기준으로 부과되어 친환경자동차에는 적용하기 어려워 친환경자동차의 비중이 높아질수록 세수 감소가 예상된다. 이에 따라 탄소중립정책 추진과 더불어 이에 대응한 지속가능한 세금확보 정책도 요구되고 있다. 이 연구는 현행 자동차 보유세의 과세기준에 따른 문제점을 분석한 후, 비연소성 미세먼지 특성을 적용하여 개선방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 우선 현재 배기량을 기반으로 부과되고 있는 자동차세를 탄소 기반으로 전환하고, 향후 탄소기반 세수가 줄어들 가능성이 높다는 점을 고려하여 차종을 떠나 모든 차량에 부과가 가능한 중량세를 추가함으로써 탄소 기반 세수 부족분을 채우는 방안을 제시하였다. 내연기관차는 탄소세와 중량세가 동시에 부과되므로 평균 자동차세액이 상대적으로 높아 내연기관차의 감소를 유도하는 정책적 효과도 유지할 수 있다. 또한 향후 자동차 가격을 반영하여 재산세적 개념을 추가하는 방안을 제시하였으며, 배출가스가 주행거리에 비례하여 배출된다는 점에 착안하여 주행거리 데이터와 연계된 자동차세의 개선방안을 제안하였다. The government is converting internal combustion engine vehicles to eco-friendly vehicles to promote carbon neutrality in the transportation sector, however, which is expected to result in a lack of government tax revenue. The current automobile tax is levied by engine displacement (cc), making it difficult to apply to eco-friendly vehicles, so it is necessary to think of a policy to secure a sustainable tax in the carbon-neutral era. After analyzing the problems of the current automobile holding tax, this study tried to prepare an improvement plan by applying the characteristics of non-combustible fine dust. First of all, the automobile tax currently levied on the engine displacement was suggested to be changed to that on carbon tax base. In this case, considering that the carbon based tax is likely to decrease, this study proposed to fill the carbon based tax. shortage by adding a weight tax that can be imposed on any kinds of vehicles regardless of vehicle types. Since internal combustion locomotives impose taxes both by carbon emission and weight at the same time, their average automobile tax is relatively high, so the policy effect to induce the reduction of internal combustion locomotives can also be maintained. In addition, this study suggested to add the concept of property tax reflecting the car price in the future. Lastly, a vehicle tax system linked with mileage data was proposed in consideration of the exhaust gas emitted in proportion to the mileage.

배기가스 재순환이 비예혼합 연소시스템에 미치는 영향

유병훈(Byeonghun Yu),김진수(Jinsu Kim),이창언(Chang-Eon Lee) 한국연소학회 2014 한국연소학회지 Vol.19 No.3

We examined the characteristics of NOx emission for CH4/air non-premixed flames using the exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) methods, which are the air-induced EGR(AI-EGR) and fuel-induced EGR(FI-EGR) methods. Our experimental results show that the NOx emission index(EInox) decreased with increasing EGR ratio. In the range needed to form a stable flame, the reduction rate of EInox for the FI-EGR method was approximately 29% when the EGR ratio was 20%, and the reduction rate for the AI-EGR method was approximately 28% with 25% of the EGR ratio. According to the flame structure based on numerical results, high temperature regions for the FI-EGR method were narrower and lower than those for the AI-EGR method at the same EGR ratio. Furthermore, based on the experimental results for swirl flames, the reduction rate of EInox for the FI-EGR method was approximately 49% with 15% of the EGR ratio, while the maximum reduction rate for AI-EGR method was approximately 45% with 25% of the EGR ratio. Consequently, we verified that the FI-EGR method was more effective than the AI-EGR method in reducing NOx emission for non-premixed flames with EGR. We expect that the results of this study will provide fundamental information relating to hybrid combustion systems, which can be used in the design of combustion systems in the future.

저방사 단열재 폴리에틸렌(PE) 폼 소재의 준불연 성능개발에 관한 연구

송형우,이영백,백범선,최석주,김병구 한국화재소방학회 2023 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.2

저방사 단열재 폴리에틸렌(PE) 폼 소재의 준불연 성능개발에 관한 연구

송형우,이영백,백범선,최석주,김병구 한국화재소방학회 2023 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.2