Morphogenesis, Flowering, and Gene Expression of <i>Dendranthema grandiflorum</i> in Response to Shift in Light Quality of Night Interruption

Park, Yoo Gyeong,Muneer, Sowbiya,Jeong, Byoung Ryong MDPI 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.16 No.7

<P>The impact of shifts in the spectral quality of light on morphogenesis, flowering, and photoperiodic gene expression during exposure to light quality of night interruption (NI) was investigated in <I>Dendranthema grandiflorum</I>. The circadian rhythms of plants grown in a closed walk-in growth chamber were interrupted at night for a total of 4 h, using light-emitting diodes with an intensity of 10 μmol·m<SUP>−2</SUP>·s<SUP>−1</SUP> PPF. The light quality of the NI was shifted from one wavelength to another after the first 2 h. Light treatments consisting of all possible pairings of blue (B), red (R), far-red (Fr), and white (W) light were tested. Plants in the NI treatment groups exposed to Fr light grew larger than plants in other treatment groups. Of plants in NI treatment groups, those in the NI-WB treatment grew the least. In addition, the impact of shifts in the light quality of NI on leaf expansion was greater in treatment groups exposed to a combination of either B and R or R and W light, regardless of their order of supply. Flowering was observed in the NI-RB, NI-FrR, NI-BFr, NI-FrB, NI-WB, NI-FrW, NI-WFr, NI-WR, and SD (short-day) treatments, and was especially promoted in the NI-BFr and NI-FrB treatments. In a combined shift treatment of B and R or B and W light, the NI concluded with B light (NI-RB and NI-WB) treatment induced flowering. The transcriptional factors <I>phyA</I>, <I>cry1</I> and <I>FTL</I> (<I>FLOWERING LOCUS T</I>) were positively affected, while <I>phyB</I> and <I>AFT</I> were negatively affected. In conclusion, morphogenesis, flowering, and transcriptional factors were all significantly affected either positively or negatively by shifts in the light quality of NI. The light quality of the first 2 h of NI affected neither morphogenesis nor flowering, while the light quality of the last 2 h of NI significantly affected both morphogenesis and flowering.</P>

Effects of LED Light Quality of Urban Agricultural Plant Factories on the Growth of Daughter Plants of ‘Seolhyang’ Strawberry

( Kook-han Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2018 한국환경과학회지 Vol.27 No.10

This study was conducted to examine the influence of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) light quality in urban agricultural plant factories on the growth and development of Seolhyang strawberry daughter plants in order to improve the efficiency of daughter plant growth and urban agriculture. LED light quality by demonstrated that above-ground growth and development were greatest for daughter plant 2. Daughter plant 1 showed the next highest growth and development, followed by daughter plant 3. Among the different qualities of LED light, the stem was thickest and growth rate of leaves was highest for R + B III (LED quality: red 660 nm + blue 450 nm/photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD): 241-243 μmol·m^-2·s^-1) and lowest for R (red 660 nm/115-117 μ mol·m^-2·s^-1). Plant height, leaf width, petiole length, and the leaf growth rate were highest for W (white fluorescent lamp/241-243 μ mol·m^-2·s^-1) and lowest for R + B Ⅰ (red 660 nm + blue 450 nm/80-82 μ㏖·m^-2·s^-1). For above-ground growth and development, as the plants surpassed the seedling age, mixed light (red + blue), rather than monochromatic light (red or blue), and higher PPFD values tended to increase development. Regarding the quality of the LED light, daughter plant 2 showed the highest chlorophyll content, followed by daughter plant 1, and daughter plant 3 showed the least chlorophyll content. When the wavelength was monochromatic, chlorophyll content increased, compared to that when PPFD values were increased. Mixed light vitality was highest in daughter plant 2, followed by 1, and 3, showed increased photosynthesis when PPFD values were high with mixed light, in contrast to the results observed for chlorophyll content.

Effect of light quality on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JBC36 and its biocontrol efficacy

Yu, S.M.,Lee, Y.H. Academic Press 2013 Biological control Vol.64 No.3

Light is one of the most important environmental signals regulating physiological processes of many microorganisms. However, very few studies have been reported on the qualitative or quantitative effects of light on control of postharvest spoilage using antagonistic bacteria. In this study, we investigated the effects of white, red, green, and blue light at photon flux densities of 40, 240, and 360μmolm<SUP>-2</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP> on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JBC36 (JBC36), which has been reported as a promising candidate for biocontrol of green and blue mold on mandarin fruit. With the exception of blue light at 240 and 360μmolm<SUP>-2</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP>, light generally stimulated growth of JBC36 compared to the controls grown in the dark. Red light increased swarming motility irrespective of intensity and significantly enhanced biofilm formation at 240μmolm<SUP>-2</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP>. Production of antifungal metabolites and antifungal activity on Penicillium digitatum was also affected by light quality. Interestingly, antifungal activity was significantly increased when JBC36 and P. digitatum was co-incubated under red and green light at an intensity of 240μmolm<SUP>-2</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP>. We also demonstrated that the quality of light resulted in changes in colonization of JBC36 on mandarin fruit and control of green mold. In particular, red light increased the population level on mandarin fruit and biocontrol efficacy against green mold. These results represent the first report on the effect of light quality on an antagonistic bacterium for the control of postharvest spoilage. We believe that an improved understanding of the JBC36 response to light quality may help in the development of strategies to increase biocontrol efficacy of postharvest spoilage.

Physiological response of red macroalgae Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) to light quality: a short-term adaptation

Xuefeng Zhong,Shuai Che,Congying Xie,Lan Wu,Xinyu Zhang,Lin Tian,Chan Liu,Hongbo Li,Guoying Du The Korean Society of Phycology 2023 ALGAE Vol.38 No.2

Light quality is a common environmental factor which influences the metabolism of biochemical substances in algae and leads to the response of algal growth and development. Pyropia yezoensis is a kind of economic macroalgae that naturally grows in the intertidal zone where the light environment changes dramatically. In the present study, P. yezoensis thalli were treated under white light (control) and monochromatic lights with primary colors (blue, green, and red) for 14 days to explore their physiological response to light quality. During the first 3 days of treatment, P. yezoensis grew faster under blue light than other light qualities. In the next 11 days, it showed better adaptation to green light, with higher growth rate and photosynthetic capacity (reflected by a higher rETR_max = 61.58 and E_k = 237.78). A higher non-photochemical quenching was observed in the treatment of red light than others for 14 days. Furthermore, the response of P. yezoensis to light quality also results in the difference of photosynthetic pigment contents. The monochromatic light could reduce the synthesis of all pigments, but the reduction degree was different, which may relate to the spectral absorption characteristics of pigments. It was speculated that P. yezoensis adapted to a specific or changing light environments by regulating the synthesis of pigments to achieve the best use of light energy in photosynthesis and premium growth and metabolism.

적색/청색광의 비율 및 수확 전 광질변환이 어린잎상추의 생육 및 안토시아닌 함량에 미치는 영향

이준구(Jun Gu Lee),오상석(Sang Seok Oh),차선화(Seon Hwa Cha),장윤아(Yoon Ah Jang),김승유(Seung Yu Kim),엄영철(Young Chul Um),정승룡(Seung Ryong Cheong) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2010 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.19 No.4

식물공장 내 생육과 안토시아닌 함량을 동반 제고시킬 수 있는 최적 광조사 방법을 구명하고자 적색광과 청색광의 비율 및 단기간 광질변화 조건을 달리하여 어린잎 상추의 생육 및 안토시아닌 색소발현 양상을 비교 평가하였다. 적색광 단일파장에서 어린잎 상추의 생육이 가장 좋았으며 혼합광, 청색광 및 형광등의 순으로 생육이 억제되었다. 어린잎 상추의 엽내 총 안토시아닌 함량은 청색광과 적색광의 혼합광(R57-B43) 처리에 의해 적색광 단일광원 조건에 비해 4.1배, 형광등(FL) 조건에 비해 6.9배 각각 증가되었다. 청색광의 혼합비율이 43%까지 순차적으로 높아짐에 따라 생육은 억제되었으나 상대 엽록소 함량과 적색도의 발현은 크게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 수확전 9일간 적색 단일광으로의 광질변환시 생육은 크게 증진된 반면 색소는 급격하게 소실되었으며 반대로 혼합광으로의 광질변환시에는 생육속도는 감소한 대신 안토시아닌 색소함량은 형광등과 적색광에 비해 크게 높아졌다. 따라서 수확 전의 단기간 광질변환 시 적색광의 비율이 높은 광원조건에서 생육을 촉진시킨 후 적색과 청색의 동등 혼합광원으로 변환할 경우 생산성을 유지하면서 고품질의 고색도 상추를 생산할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. To establish the optimum artificial light illumination method for baby leaf lettuce in closed plant factory system, the effects of red/blue light quality and short-term light quality conversion on growth and anthocyanin content were investigated. The growth of 'Hongha' lettuce was most favorable under red single wavelength LED light after 23 days of treatment, sequentially followed by the growth under red/blue mixed light, blue light, and fluorescent light. Total anthocyanin content in the mixed red/blue light (R57-B43) was 4.1-fold and 6.9-fold increased compared to the red LED and fluorescent light, respectively. With increasing the blue light ratio to 43%, the growth of lettuce was significantly decreased, while the relative chlorophyll content and Hunter's a* value was increased, indicating that the red/blue light ratio inversely affects on growth and anthocyanin pigment development. By changing light quality from red to red/blue mixed light source (R57-B43) for 9 days before harvest, the growth rate decreased compared to the continuous red light illumination, while the anthocyanin content dramatically increased compared to either red LED or fluorescent light. Whereas, when the light source was changed to red light, the growth rate was increased but anthocyanin content was reversely decreased. The result demonstrated that both growth and anthocyanin expression could be effectively regulated by shifting of light quality between red and red/blue mixed light source at a specific growth stage of lettuce in a plant factory.

상추 생육에 적합한 식물공장의 LED 광환경에 관한 문헌연구

심수빈, 이훈수 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2008 農業科學硏究 Vol.36 No.2

Recently, there have been brisk research on plant production systems in plant factories that can???? control the environment. The development of LEDs as artificial light provides new possibilities in plant factories operation. In this paper, we will analyze the existing research on the design of LED lighting conditions that is efficient for productivity and quality enhancement of lettuce cultivated in plant factories and summarize it for optimal LED lighting conditions. The effect of different kinds of artificial lightings on the reproduction of lettuce in plant factories was investigated and the effect of RGB ratio of LEDs on the growth and quality of lettuce were investigated. LED lighting is a light developed to replace ordinary artificial lighting. It is effective in reducing power and is environmentally friendly. And it is effective as an artificial light source for plant cultivation because it can selectively use red light and blue light which are effective in plant photosynthesis. RGB Ratio of LED affect the growth and development of lettuce and its nutritional quality. The selection of light source should be considered according to the plant variety cultivated in the plant factory and the nutient to be promoted. Blue light has more effect on quality such as vitamin C than red light, but red light rather than blue light on appearance changes such as increase of body weight and leaf shape. The gene expression and nutrient accumulation of lettuce are relatively superior in mixed light than in single light. Considering the various conditions, the ratio of RGB for lettuce cultivation in a fully controlled plant production system is approximately appropriate 5~7 : 0~2 : 1~3. As a result, appropriate light sources shall be selected according to the breed of lettuce, functional material and the plant growth stages.

보광 광원 종류에 따른 약광기 품종별 오이 접목묘의 생육과 묘소질 및 정식 후 초기 과실 수량

최형은,황소영,윤지혜,유진,황정훈,박은원,구정길,황희성,황승재 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2023 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.32 No.4

상품성 있는 오이를 수확하기 위해서는 고품질의 묘를 사용해야 한다. 약광기 온실에서 묘를 생산하는 것은 묘의 생육에필요한 광이 불충분하여 상품성이 저하될 수 있다. 이는 광질이 다른 인공광을 사용한 보광을 통해 약광 조건을 해결하여고품질의 묘를 생산할 수 있다. 본 연구는 약광기에 오이 접목묘의 생육과 묘소질에 적절한 보광 광원을 구명하고자 진행되었다. 오이는 ‘낙원성청장’, ‘신세대’, ‘굿모닝백다다기’ 3가지 품종을 접수로 사용하였다. ‘흑종’ 호박을 대목으로 사용하였다. 종자는 2023년 1월 26일 파종하였고, 2023년 2월 9일에접목하였다. 접목 활착 후 오이묘를 RB LED(red and blue LED, red:blue = 8:2), W LED(white LED, R:G:B = 5:3:2), 그리고 HPS를 광원으로 이용하여 처리하였다. 무처리구를대조구로 사용하였다. 보광은 일출 전 2시간, 일몰 후 2시간 동안 19일간 처리하였다. 경경과 지하부의 생체중과 지하부는보광 광원 처리별 유의적인 차이가 없었다. W LED에서 초장과 하배축장이 짧아졌다. 하지만, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽면적 그리고지상부의 생체중과 건물중은 RB LED에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 충실도, 순동화율, 그리고 작물생장률과 같은 묘소질은 RB LED와 W LED에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 정식 후, 대부분의 생장은 유의적인 차이가 없었지만, 초기 과실 수량은 전체적으로 대조구보다 실험구에서 많았고, RB LED와 W LED에서 과실 수량이 가장 많았다. 결론적으로 약광기 오이접목묘에 RB LED와 W LED를 보광 광원으로 사용하는 것은 묘의 생육, 묘소질, 그리고 초기 과실 수량을 증가시킬 수있다. To harvest marketable cucumbers, high quality seedlings must be used. Producing seedlings in the greenhouse during the low radiation period decreases marketability due to insufficient light for growth. Supplemental lighting with artificial light of different quality can be used to improve low light conditions and produce high quality seedlings. Therefore, this study was conducted to select the appropriate supplemental light sources on the growth and seedling quality of grafted cucumber seedlings during the low radiation period. Three cultivars of cucumber were used as scions for grafting; ‘NakWonSeongcheongjang’, ‘Sinsedae’, and ‘Goodmorning baekdadagi’. Figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia) ‘Heukjong’ was used as the rootstock. The seeds were sown on January 26, 2023, and grafted on February 9, 2023. After graft-taking, cucumbers in plug trays were treated with RB light-emitting diodes (LED, red and blue LED, red:blue = 8:2), W LED (white LED, R:G:B = 5:3:2), and HPS (high-pressure sodium lamp), respectively. Non-treatment was used as the control. Supplemental lighting was applied 2 hours before sunrise and 2 hours after sunset for 19 days. The stem diameter and fresh and dry weights of roots did not differ significantly by supplemental light sources. The plant height and hypocotyl length were decreased in W LED. However, the leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of shoots were the highest in the RB LED. Seedling qualities such as crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, and compactness were also increased in RB LED and W LED. After transplanting, most of the growth was not significant, but early yield of cucumber was higher in LED than non-treatment. In conclusion, using RB LED, W LED for supplemental light source during low radiation period in grafted cucumber seedlings improved growth, seedling quality, and early yield of cucumber. Additional key words: compactness, leaf area, light quality, net assimilation rate, plug seedling

Artificial daylength enhancement (pre-sunrise and post-sunset) with blue and red led lights affects tomato plant development, yield, and fruit nutritional quality

Ngcobo Bonga Lewis,Bertling Isa,Clulow Alistair David 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.6

In this research, the combined eff ect of red and blue LED lights on tomato plants and fruit was investigated. Selected tomato plants were illuminated with a combination of red light (RL) and blue light (BL) at a ratio of (1:1) with a combined pho- −2 tosynthetic photon fl ux density (PPFD) of 138 ± 5 μmol  m −1 . This illumination was installed above the plants and was s 1 Introduction In the past few years, the interest in the nutritional value of fruit and vegetables has increased rapidly, particularly due to the positive health eff ects associated with their consumption. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) is one of the most -popular fruit vegetable crops worldwide and is also a major source of several nutrients and healthpromoting phytonutrients that are well known to ameliorate oxidative damage to human organs caused by free radicals (Rao and Rao 2007 ). Tomato is also an important source of special carotenoids that have the potential to prevent important chronic degenerative dis- orders (Salehi et al. 2019 ). The concentration of carotenoids present in food crops does not only infl uence the quality of carotenoid-rich crops, but also gives specifi c foods their colour characteristics (Liu et al. 2009 ). A healthy diet is the only source of carotenoids for humans, as our body cannot Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3 terminated at diff erent stages of plant growth, namely , at 50% fl owering (FLW) and when fruit were mature green (MG). The plants were allowed to receive natural light during the day and were exposed to the light treatments 3 h after sunset and 3 h before sunrise. Control plants received only natural light. Growth, yield, and quality parameters were assessed. Both light treatments, whether terminated at FLW or MG, signifi cantly enhanced plant height, number of leaves, and branching, with light treatment until the MG stage having a lesser, but nonetheless signifi cant, eff ect. Plants that were treated with additional light until fruit were MG had a signifi cantly increased total fruit mass compared with other treatments. Surpris- ingly, plants treated until FLW showed a signifi cant increase in number of fruit per plant. Both treatments did not have a signifi cant eff ect on colour parameters, while light treatments, particularly treatment until MG, were able to signifi cantly enhance chlorophyll degradation in fruit. In addition, both light treatments resulted in a signifi cant increase in fruit lycopene, the most important carotenoid in red tomato, while also potentially increasing the concentration of β-carotene, as well as total soluble solids (TSS), phenolics , and vitamin C. Treating tomato plants with a combination of LED light sources only until FLW was suffi cient to enhance growth, yield , and antioxidant phytonutrients in tomatoes with no additional increase with further light treatment.

05 포스터 발표 : 자연생태 환경 분야(PN) ; 식물공장 시스템내 광환경 제어가 적축면 상추 생장에 미치는 영향

허정욱 ( Jeong Wook Heo ),김동억 ( Dong Euk Kim ),이광재 ( Kwang Jae Lee ),강동현 ( Dong Hyeon Kang ),이시영 ( Si Young Lee ),신현만 ( Hyun Man Shin ),허윤선 ( Yoon Sun Huh ),이기열 ( Ki Yeol Lee ),김태중 ( Tae Jung Kim ),김숙종 ( 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-

Plant factory, which considered as a novel plant production system preparing for the climate changes such as a global warming or raining, is an attractive year-round production technique of leafy plants regardless of place or season. The environmental factors of air temperature, relative humidity, nutrient, CO2 concentration, light intensity or quality inside the factory system influencing on growth have been reported. In this study, effects of light-environmental control of quality or intensity were investigated on growth of red curly lettuce ( Brassica rapa) seedlings with different four growth ages (0, 10, 20, and 30 days-old after transplanting) inside the factory system. ‘Tukksum’ red-curly lettuce which developed two true leaves was used as a plant material, and the seedlings were cultured under nutrient solution of 1.5 ds m-1 EC and 5.8 pH for 10 days after light exposure of 50, 100 or 230 μmol m-2 s-1. Light-emitting diodes of Red, blue plus red, and blue plus white were used, and fluorescent light was considered as a control. In 0 day-old seedlings after transplanting, dry weight and number of leaves under blue plus red light of 50 μmol m-2 s-1 light intensity for 10 days increased 28 and 19% comparing with the control, respectively. Increasing of fresh and dry weights in 30 days-old seedlings was significantly stimulated by blue plus red and red light. However, leaf pigmentation was inhibited by the red light regardless of the different growth ages and promoted by the mixture lights. Under 230 μmol m-2 s-1 light intensity, number of leaves, fresh and dry weights were greater by mixture-light exposure on 20 days-old seedlings. On 30 days-old seedlings, increment of dry and fresh weights was also affected by the mixture light. Leaf pigmentation was significantly inhibited by the red light regardless of the different light intensities in all the growth ages. Higher growth and pigmentation could be achieved at 20 and 30 days-old seedlings cultured under the mixture lights of blue, red, or white. It is concluded that light intensity should be controlled according to growth ages for growth and pigmentation, but rather stable control during culture period, and monochromic red is not suitable for leaf pigmentation of red curly lettuce in plant factory system.

Effects of Different Colored Light-quality Selective Plastic Films on Growth, Photosynthetic Abilities, and Fruit Qualities of Strawberry

Xin Peng,Bin Wang,Xile Wang,Binbin Ni,Zhaojiang Zuo 한국원예학회 2020 원예과학기술지 Vol.38 No.4

Light quality regulates plant growth and photosynthesis, the drivers of fruit quality, and light quality can be controlled by colored light-quality selective plastic films in field production. To identify the optimal color of plastic film for high-quality strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit production, plant growth, photosynthetic abilities, and fruit qualities were investigated under transparent (T), red (R), yellow (Y), green (G), blue (B), and purple (P) films. The R film showed the maximum promoting effects on leaf area, petiole length, leaf biomass, and shoot biomass. The R film improved photosynthetic abilities by increasing photosynthetic pigment content, quantum yield (φPo), electron transfer (Ψo and φEo), the density of reaction centers (RC/CSm), and the photosynthetic performance index (PIabs), and by decreasing the dissipation of absorbed solar energy as heat (φDo), while varied reverse effects were detected under other films. For fruit qualities, the R film also improved fruit weight and the content of total sugar, anthocyanin, and soluble protein. Therefore, the R light-quality selective plastic film should be suitable for strawberry production due to the promoting effects on plant growth, photosynthetic abilities, and fruit weight and quality.