저온프로세스를 이용한 고분자필름의 플라즈마 표면처리

조욱,양성채,Cho, Wook,Yang, Sung-Chae 한국전기전자재료학회 2008 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.21 No.5

The plasma processing is applied to many industrial fields as thin film deposition or surface treatment technique. In this study, we investigated large-area uniformed surface treatment of PET film at low temperature by using Scanning Plasma Method(SPM). Then, we measured difference and distribution of temperature on film's surface by setting up a thermometer. We studied the condition of plasma for surface treatment by examining intensity of irradiation of uniformed plasma. And we compared contact angles of treated PET film by using Ar and $O_2$ plasma based low temperature. In our result, surface temperature of 3-point of treating is low temperature about $22^{\circ}C$, in other hands, there is scarcely any variation of temperature on film's surface. And by using Ar plasma treatment, contact angle is lower than untreatment or $O_2$ plasma treatment. In case of PET film having thermal weak point, low temperature processing using SPM is undamaged method in film's surface and uniformly treated film's surface. As a result, Ar plasma surface treatment using SPM is suitable surface treatment method of PET film.

쌀 분말이 함유된 생분해성 멀칭필름이 고구마 생육에 미치는 영향

박신영,임주현,고은별,김길자,박재민,김동관 한국작물학회 2024 한국작물학회지 Vol.69 No.2

적 요쌀 분말이 함유된 플라스틱 수지를 이용하여 생분해성필름 시제품 2종을 생산하고, 고구마(Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) 재배에 적용하여 생육과 수량, 토양환경 등을 PE (Polyethylene) 필름과 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 투광율은 350 mesh 쌀 분말 30% 함유된 생분해성 필름(BF30-350RP)이 0.8%로 500 mesh 쌀 분말 40% 함유된 생분해성 필름(BF40-500RP) 2.0%, PE 필름 2.7%보다 낮았다. 2. 맑은 날 필름의 표면온도는 PE 필름이 가장 낮았고, BF40-500RP와 BF30-350RP는 차이가 적었다. 3. 농작업 충격에 의한 손상율은 PE 필름 0.4%, BF500- 400RP 3.3%, BF350-30RP 5.3% 순으로 낮았다. 4. 외부에 노출하였을 때 BF40-500RP와 BF30-350RP의가시적인 분해 시점은 각각 노출 40일과 30일 차이었고, 노출 90일 차에 각각 62.3%와 70.4% 분해되었다. 5. 고구마 재배에 적용된 생분해성 필름의 분해는 BF40-500RP 가 BF30-350RP보다 서서히 진행되었다. 두둑 표면부의BF40-500RP는 고구마 삽식 30일 후에 5%, 60일 후에30%, 90일 후에 55%, 120일 후에 90% 분해되었다. 두둑과 고랑 경계부의 생분해성 필름은 고구마 삽식 75일후에 완전히 분해되었다. 6. 멀칭 후 고구마를 재배하지 않아 지표면이 밀폐된 조건에서는 토양습도와 그 편차는 PE 필름, BF40-500RP, BF30-350RP 순으로 낮았으나 큰 차이를 보이지 않았고, 토양온도는 PE 필름이 생분해성 필름보다 높았으나그 차이는 낮았다. 7. 고구마 삽식 2개월 후에 7일 동안 일평균 토양습도는BF30-350RP 멀칭 2.5%point, BF40-500RP 멀칭 1.5%point, PE 필름 멀칭 1.1%point 씩 감소하였고, 토양온도는 두생분해성 필름 멀칭 모두 비슷하였으나 PE 필름 멀칭은지속적으로 증가되어 생분해성 필름보다 일평균 0.1°C 높았다. 8. 고구마 줄기 생육과 괴근 수량은 멀칭 필름간 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. ABSTRACT In this study, two types of biodegradable film prototypes were produced using plastic resin containing rice powder. The application of these biodegradable films in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) fields and their impacts of plant growth, yield, and the soil environment were assessed, in comparison with Polyethylene (PE) film. The light transmittance of the biodegradable film containing 30% of 350 mesh rice powder (BF30-350RP) was 0.8%, which was lower than the 2.0% light transmittance of the biodegradable film containing 40% of 500 mesh rice powder (BF40-500RP) and 2.7% light transmittance of PE film. Surface temperature measurements on clear day indicated that the PE film exhibited the lowest temperature, with the minimal difference observed between BF40-500RP and BF30-350RP. Assessment of the damage ratio resulting from agricultural work revealed a ranking of 0.4% for the PE film, 3.3% for BF500-400RP, and 5.3% for BF350-30RP. Visible decomposition of BF40-500RP and BF30-350RP commenced after 40 and 30 days of outdoor exposure, reaching 62.3% and 70.4% decomposition at 90 days post-exposure, respectively. The decomposition of biodegradable films applied to sweetpotato fields progressed more slowly in BF40-500RP than in BF30-350RP. The BF40-500RP film on the surface of the ridges was decomposed by 5%, 30%, 55%, and 90% after 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after planting sweetpotato cuttings, respectively. Both types of biodegradable films at the ridge and furrow borders were completely decomposed after 75 days of sweetpotato planting. In a field where the surface was sealed by mulching without growing sweetpotatoes, the soil moisture and its deviation were lower in the order of PE film, BF40-500RP, and BF30-350RP, but the differences were not significant. The soil temperature was higher for PE film mulching than for the biodegradable films containing rice powder, but the differences were small. Two months after sweetpotato planting, the daily average soil moisture decreased by 2.5%point for BF30-350RP mulching, 1.5%point for BF40-500RP mulching, and 1.1%point for PE film mulching over seven days. Soil temperature was similar for both biodegradable film mulches, but increased steadily for the PE film mulch, reaching a daily average of 0.1°C higher than for the biodegradable films. Sweetpotato vine growth and tuber yield were similar for all the mulching films tested.

창호 단열재의 종류별 단열성능에 대한 실험적 연구

백승엽(Seung Yub Baek),강동현(Dong Hyun Kang),장원재(Won Jae Jang),박경순(Kyung Soon Park) 대한설비공학회 2021 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.6

The temperature and room temperature of the aging building were measured through multi-channel data logger and two-channel data logger by attaching air caps, rock film, transparent film, opaque film, and spray to the lab window. The air cap had the best performance in terms of the temperature of the window and the temperature of the room, but it had the disadvantage of having attachment surfaces and condensation. The temperature of the film was different depending on the influence of sunlight, and the temperature of the room was not much different. The transparent film had a good temperature difference inside the window. The temperature retention of the opaque film room was better than that of other insulation materials, and the room temperature was also effective after the air cap. Finally, the spray had insufficient effect, and its performance fell behind that of the film.

Serially connected tantalum and amorphous indium tin oxide for sensing the temperature increase in IGZO thin-film transistor backplanes

Yu EunSeong,Kim SeoungGyun,Kang SeoJin,Lee HyuckSu,Moon SeungJae,Lee JongMo,An SeungBae,Bae ByungSeong 한국정보디스플레이학회 2023 Journal of information display Vol.24 No.3

A temperature sensor embedded in an In-Ga-Zn oxide (IGZO) TFT was evaluated after fabrication to facilitate monitoring of the temperature distribution on a thin-film transistor (TFT) array. Because the proposed temperature sensor uses the same material as the TFT, no additional process or material is required. Moreover, it can be used as a light shield layer because the temperature sensor is located on a TFT. The temperature sensor used in this study was serially connected to indium tin oxide and a metal. As the temperature increased to 120 °C, the output voltage of the temperature sensor increased to 176.6 mV. The sensitivity, hysteresis, and repeatability were 0.85 mV/°C, 3.56 %, and 0.04 %, respectively. The temperature sensor was integrated into an amorphous IGZO bottomgate TFT. The TFT exhibited a field-effect mobility of 8.2cm2V−1·s−1 and threshold voltage of 5.2 V. As the drain current increased from 300 μA to 1.1 mA, the temperature increased from 26 to 32.9 °C, and the output voltages of the temperature sensor augmented from 66 to 76 mV. The integrated temperature sensors enable us to measure the temperature distribution in a display panel and compensate for image deterioration due to increased temperature.

Influence of sulfurization temperature on photovoltaic properties of Ge alloyed Cu₂SnS₃ (CTGS) thin film solar cells

He, Mingrui,Kim, Jihun,Suryawanshi, M.P.,Lokhande, A.C.,Gang, Myengil,Ghorpade, U.V.,Seon Lee, Dong,Hyeok Kim, Jin Elsevier 2018 Solar energy materials and solar cells Vol.174 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ge alloyed Cu<SUB>2</SUB>SnS<SUB>3</SUB> (CTGS) thin films were prepared by annealing the sputtered deposited Cu-Ge-Sn precursor films under sulfur atmosphere at different annealing temperatures. The influence of different annealing temperatures on morphological, compositional, crystal structure of CTGS thin films were investigated. It was found that the annealing temperature of 550°C provides a favorable sulfurization environment to promote grain growth leading to a compact thin film formation. Improved performance is ascribed to high Ge contents as evidenced from X-ray fluorescence (XRF) studies. Well incorporated Ge atoms into CTS thin film can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study provides an evidence of existence of Ge atoms where its binding energy located at 25.78 and 26.78eV, respectively. However, the decreased performance was found at unsuitable annealing temperatures such as 500°C, 520°C, 580°C and 600°C. Finally, with annealing temperatures of 550°C, the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.14% was attained with an open circuit voltage (<I>V</I> <SUB>oc</SUB>) of 220mV, a short circuit current density (<I>J</I> <SUB>sc</SUB>) of 23.74mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and a fill factor (<I>FF</I>) of 41%.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ge Alloyed Cu<SUB>2</SUB>SnS<SUB>3</SUB> (CTGS) thin film solar cells have been successfully fabricated at different annealing temperatures. </LI> <LI> Annealing temperature dependence on photovoltaic properties of CTGS thin films was studied. </LI> <LI> Ge atoms can be well incorporated to the CTS thin film at annealing temperature of 550°C. </LI> <LI> CTGS thin film solar cell exhibited the highest efficiency of 2.14%. </LI> </UL> </P>

FBAR 필터 응용을 위한 Al 하부전극 상에서 ZnO 박막 증착 및 온도가 ZnO 결정의 성장에 미치는 영향

윤기완,임문혁,채동규,Mai Linh 한국정보통신학회 2003 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.7 No.2

In this paper, an investigation on the ZnO film deposition using radio-frequency magnetic sputtering techniques on aluminum bottom electrode for film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) filter applications and the temperature effects on the ZnO film growth is presented. The investigation on how much impact the actual process temperature may have on the crystal growth is more meaningful if it is considered that the piezoelectricity property of ZnO films plays a dominant role in determining the resonance characteristics of FBAR devices and the piezoelectricity is determined by the degree of the c-axis preferred orientation of the deposited ZnO films. In this experiment, it was found that the growth of ZnO crystals has a strong dependence on the deposition temperature ranged from room temperature to $350^{\circ}C$ regardless of the RF powers applied and there exist 3 temperature regions divided by 2 critical temperatures according to the degree of the c-axis preferred orientation. Overall, below $200^{\circ}C$, ZnO deposition results in columnar grains with a highly preferred c-axis orientation. With this ZnO film, a multilayered FBAR structure could be realized successfully. 본 논문에서는 FBAR(film bulk acoustic wave resonator) 필터 응용을 위해 Al 하부전극 상에서 RF magnetron sputtering 기술을 이용한 ZnO 박막 증착 및 공정온도가 ZnO 결정성장에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구결과를 발표한다 ZnO 박막의 압전특성은 FBAR 소자의 공진특성을 결정하는 가장 중요한 요소이고 압전성은 증착된 ZnO박막의 c축 우선배향성의 정도에 의해 결정된다는 사실을 고려한다면 ZnO 결정성장에 미치는 공정온도에 관한 연구는 매우 의미 있는 일이다. 본 실험을 통하여 ZnO 박막의 성장특성은 상온에서부터 35$0^{\circ}C$까지의 실험조건에서 c축 우선배향성의 정도에 따라 RF power에 관계없이 온도를 2개의 임계온도에 의해 나눠진 3개의 온도구간으로 구분할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 20$0^{\circ}C$ 이하의 공정온도에서는 주상형 결정립을 가진 c축 우선배향의 ZnO 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. 이렇게 얻은 ZnO박막을 사용하여 FBAR 다층박막 구조를 구현하였다.

Adhesion strength of die attach film for thin electronic package at elevated temperature

Mose, Bruno R.,Son, In-Seo,Shin, Dong-Kil Elsevier 2018 Microelectronics and reliability Vol.91 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Adhesion strength of a thin film for electronic packaging was investigated. The effects of temperature and loading rate on the adhesion were observed considering the viscoelasticity of adhesive. Various temperature conditions over the glass transition temperature of the adhesive were applied with controlled loading rates. A small hot plate was specially designed to control the temperature. Loading rate was controlled by a servo motor. A cantilever specimen was fabricated by two rectangular silicon chips. The adhesion was measured by a modified single cantilever beam method. Bending force was applied to the cantilever using rotatable jig. Adhesion strength was found to strongly depend on the temperature and loading rate. Below the glass transition temperature (T<SUB>g</SUB>), the adhesion strength was increased with increasing loading rate. Near the Tg, the adhesion strength was decreased with increasing loading rate. Above the T<SUB>g</SUB>, the adhesion strength did not significantly depend on the loading rate.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Single cantilever beam method measures mode-I adhesion of die attach film. </LI> <LI> Hot plate controls the specimen temperature easily. </LI> <LI> Below the glass transition temperature, the adhesion strength increases with increasing loading rate. </LI> <LI> Near the glass transition temperature, the adhesion strength decreases with increasing loading rate. </LI> </UL> </P>

콩 재배지에서 다양한 생분해성 멀칭필름 종류별 작물 생육, 수량 및 토양환경에 미치는 영향

김예건,우연후,박현화,이도진,국용인 한국작물학회 2024 한국작물학회지 Vol.69 No.1

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of biodegradable mulching films in soybean (Glycine max) cultivation by measuring their effects on crop growth and yield, film decomposition and soil chemical and physical properties. In 2022 and 2023, plant height, branch number, chlorophyll contents, yield components, and yield of soybean did not vary significantly in areas using PE films and biodegradable mulching films. The light transmission rate of the biodegradable mulching films ranged from 6.4 to 15.8% when measured 112 days after soybean transplanting, and was higher, on average, in 2023 than in 2022. In both years, degradation of the biodegradable mulching films began 20 days after soybean transplantation and increased over time. In addition, remains of biodegradable mulching films were present in fields at soybean harvest and remained until 50 days after harvest. Decomposition rates of the biodegradable mulching films at 112 days after soybean transplanting ranged from 9.8 to 26.7% in 2022 and 13 to 36% in 2023. Although soil pH and EC varied based on the year and timing of measurements, there was no significant difference between areas that used biodegradable mulching films and PE films. Soil organic matter, nitrate and exchangeable cation contents such as Ca, Mg, and K were not significantly different in areas that used both PE films and biodegradable films. However, significantly higher levels of available phosphoric acid content were measured in areas that used biodegradable mulch films E, S, and T. Regardless of which films were used, there were no significant differences in the soil’s physical properties. In 2022 and 2023, there was no difference between areas that used biodegradable mulch films and PE films. However, soil temperature in mulched areas was 2°C higher and soil moisture was 5-15% higher than in non-mulched areas. Barley growth was not affected by being planted in soil that had been used for soybean cultivation with biodegradable films. Therefore, the biodegradable mulch films used in this study can be used without negatively affecting the growth, yield, and soil environment of soybeans. 적 요본 연구의 목적은 다양한 생분해성 멀칭필름을 사용한 콩재배지에서 작물 생육, 수량, 필름 분해율, 토양 화학성 및물리성 등을 조사하여 안전하게 사용할 수 있는지를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 2022년과 2023년 콩의 초장, 분지수 및엽록소 함량은 조사 시기에 상관없이 PE필름과 생분해성멀칭필름 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 콩 수량구성요소 및 수량은 시험기간(2022, 2023)에 상관없이 PE필름과 생분해성 멀칭필름 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 생분해성 멀칭필름의 투광율은 콩 이식 후 112일에 6.4~15.8% 를 보였고, 2022년보다는 2023년에 높았다. 2022년과 2023 년 생분해성 멀칭필름의 붕괴정도는 콩 이식 후 20일부터시작하였고, 시간이 경과할수록 증가하였다. 또한 콩 수확후 포장에 잔재한 생분해성 멀칭필름은 수확 후 50일에 대부분 붕괴되었다. 콩 이식 후 112일에 생분해성 멀칭필름의 분해율의 경우 2022년에는 9.8~26.7%를 보였고, 2023 년에는 13~36%을 보였다. 토양 pH와 EC는 조사 연도와조사 시기에 따라 차이를 보였지만, 전반적으로 생분해성멀칭필름과 PE필름 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 토양 유기물, 질산태질소와 치환성양이온 함량은 생분해 필름 종류에 상관없이 PE필름과 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 유효인산 함량은 E, S 및 T 생분해성 멀칭필름이PE필름에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 토양 물리성(토성, 용적밀도, 공극률 등)도 생분해성 멀칭필름과 PE필름 간의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 2022년과 2023년 토양온도와 수분은 생분해성 멀칭필름과 PE필름 간에 차이가 없으나, 토양온도는 무멀칭에 비해 2℃ 정도 상승하였고, 토양수분은5~15% 정도 증가하였다. 생분해성 필름을 사용한 콩 재배지 토양에 후작물 보리 재배 시 생육에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에 사용된 생분해성 멀칭필름은 콩의생육, 수량 및 토양환경에 부정적인 영향 없이 안전하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

유막온도경계조건이 평행 슬라이더 베어링의 윤활성능에 미치는 영향

박태조(TaeJo Park),김민규(MinGyu Kim) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2017 한국트라이볼로지학회지 (Tribol. Lubr.) Vol.33 No.5

In sliding bearings, viscous friction due to high shear acting on the bearing surface raises the oil temperature. One of the mechanisms responsible for generating the load-carrying capacity in parallel surfaces is known as the viscosity wedge effect. In this paper, we investigate the effect of film-temperature boundary conditions on the thermohydrodynamic (THD) lubrication of parallel slider bearings. For this purpose, the continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equation, and the energy equation with temperature-viscosity-density relations are numerically analyzed using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT. Two different film-temperature boundary conditions are adopted to investigate the pressure generation mechanism. The temperature and viscosity distributions in the film thickness and flow directions were obtained, and the factors related to the pressure generation in the equation of motion were examined in detail. It was confirmed that the temperature gradients in the film and flow directions contribute heavily to the thermal wedge effect, due to which parallel slider bearing can not only support a considerable load but also reduce the frictional force, and its effect is significantly changed with the film-temperature boundary conditions. The present results can be used as basic data for THD analysis of surface-textured sliding bearings; however, further studies on various film-temperature boundary conditions are required.

Deposition and Growth Mechanism of Low-Temperature Crystalline Silicon Films on Inexpensive Substrates

Deyan He,Min Yin,Jinxiao Wang,Pingqi Gao,Junshuai Li 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.6

Low-temperature crystalline silicon films were deposited on glass and plastic by using an inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) system. The effects of the deposition parameters on the crystallinity and the preferred crystal orientation of the samples on glass were investigated, and films with adjustable crystallinity and controllable preferred crystal orientation were obtained at a substrate temperature of 350 ˚C. A new approach of aluminum-induced crystallization growth was developed to prepare highly-crystallized Si films at room temperature. A growth mechanism was suggested and demonstrated by the subsequent experimental results. Crystalline Si films with (111)-preferred orientation were deposited on Al-coated polyethylene napthalate at room temperature by optimizing the deposition parameters. The achievement of highly-crystallized Si films could be attributed to the promotion of nucleation in the incubation layer with the assistance of the Al layer. Low-temperature crystalline silicon films were deposited on glass and plastic by using an inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) system. The effects of the deposition parameters on the crystallinity and the preferred crystal orientation of the samples on glass were investigated, and films with adjustable crystallinity and controllable preferred crystal orientation were obtained at a substrate temperature of 350 ˚C. A new approach of aluminum-induced crystallization growth was developed to prepare highly-crystallized Si films at room temperature. A growth mechanism was suggested and demonstrated by the subsequent experimental results. Crystalline Si films with (111)-preferred orientation were deposited on Al-coated polyethylene napthalate at room temperature by optimizing the deposition parameters. The achievement of highly-crystallized Si films could be attributed to the promotion of nucleation in the incubation layer with the assistance of the Al layer.