Elaborate Corrective Exercise Program after Surgical Correction for Sprengel’s Deformity: A Case Study

황의재,정성훈,이현정,은지연,김문환 KEMA학회 2018 근골격계과학기술학회 Vol.2 No.2

ABSTRACT Background Sprengel’s deformity is a malpositioning anomaly characterized by dysplasia and elevation of the scapula. After Sprengel’s deformity corrective surgery, an abnormal scapulohumeral rhythm can be generated because of relative stiffness. An elaborate corrective exercise program is needed to prevent the recurrence of the deformity and maintain the effect of the surgery. Study design A single-subject case study. Observations The scapular elevation height and scapular upward rotation angle were measured to confirm the scapulohumeral rhythm during 80° shoulder abduction using am electromagnetic system in an 8-y-old girl who had undergone Sprengel’s deformity corrective surgery 3 y earlier. Shoulder abductor strength were measured using a Smart KEMA strength measurement system, with and without restricted scapular elevation. An elaborate corrective exercise program, including five types of exercises, was prescribed for 6 wk. The child’s parents were instructed to ensure that scapular elevation was restricted during the exercises. Scapular elevation and upward rotation were measured pre, 2, 4, and 6 wk after an elaborate corrective exercise program. Scapular elevation and upward rotation during 80° shoulder abduction were significantly decreased, and shoulder abductor strength with restricted scapular elevation was significantly increased 6 wk after the elaborate corrective exercise program. Conclusions After Sprengel’s deformity corrective surgery, an elaborate corrective exercise program is necessary to enable control of scapular elevation during humeral elevation. ABSTRACT Background Sprengel’s deformity is a malpositioning anomaly characterized by dysplasia and elevation of the scapula. After Sprengel’s deformity corrective surgery, an abnormal scapulohumeral rhythm can be generated because of relative stiffness. An elaborate corrective exercise program is needed to prevent the recurrence of the deformity and maintain the effect of the surgery. Study design A single-subject case study. Observations The scapular elevation height and scapular upward rotation angle were measured to confirm the scapulohumeral rhythm during 80° shoulder abduction using am electromagnetic system in an 8-y-old girl who had undergone Sprengel’s deformity corrective surgery 3 y earlier. Shoulder abductor strength were measured using a Smart KEMA strength measurement system, with and without restricted scapular elevation. An elaborate corrective exercise program, including five types of exercises, was prescribed for 6 wk. The child’s parents were instructed to ensure that scapular elevation was restricted during the exercises. Scapular elevation and upward rotation were measured pre, 2, 4, and 6 wk after an elaborate corrective exercise program. Scapular elevation and upward rotation during 80° shoulder abduction were significantly decreased, and shoulder abductor strength with restricted scapular elevation was significantly increased 6 wk after the elaborate corrective exercise program. Conclusions After Sprengel’s deformity corrective surgery, an elaborate corrective exercise program is necessary to enable control of scapular elevation during humeral elevation.

농경지 지역 무인항공기 영상 기반 시계열 수치표고모델 표고 보정

김태헌,박주언,윤예린,이원희,한유경 한국측량학회 2020 한국측량학회지 Vol.38 No.3

In this study, we propose an approach for calibrating the elevation of a DEM (Digital Elevation Model), one of the key data in realizing unmanned aerial vehicle image-based precision agriculture. First of all, radiometric correction is performed on the orthophoto, and then ExG (Excess Green) is generated. The non-vegetation area is extracted based on the threshold value estimated by applying the Otsu method to ExG. Subsequently, the elevation of the DEM corresponding to the location of the non-vegetation area is extracted as EIFs (Elevation Invariant Features), which is data for elevation correction. The normalized Z-score is estimated based on the difference between the extracted EIFs to eliminate the outliers. Then, by constructing a linear regression model and correcting the elevation of the DEM, high-quality DEM is produced without GCPs (Ground Control Points). To verify the proposed method using a total of 10 DEMs, the maximum/minimum value, average/standard deviation before and after elevation correction were compared and analyzed. In addition, as a result of estimating the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) by selecting the checkpoints, an average RMSE was derivsed as 0.35m. Comprehensively, it was confirmed that a high-quality DEM could be produced without GCPs. 본 연구에서는 무인항공기 영상 기반의 정밀농업(precision agricultural) 구현에 있어 핵심 데이터 중 하나인 수치표고모델의 표고를 보정하기 위한 수치표고모델 표고 보정 방법론을 제시한다. 먼저 정사영상에 방사보정을 수행한 다음 ExG (Excess Green)를 생성한다. ExG에 Otsu 기법을 적용하여 산출된 임계값을 기준으로 비식생지역을 추출한다. 이어서, 비식생지역의 위치에 대응되는 수치표고모델의 표고를 표고 보정을 위한 데이터인 EIFs (Elevation Invariant Features)로 추출한다. 추출된 EIFs 간 차이값을 기반으로 정규화된 Z-score를 산출하여 포함된 특이치를 제거한다. 그리고 선형회귀식을 구성하여 수치표고모델의 표고를 보정함으로써 지상기준점 데이터 없이 고품질의 수치표고모델을 제작한다. 총 10장의 수치표고모델을 활용하여 제안기법을 검증하기 위해 표고 보정 전과 후의 최대/최소값, 평균/표준편차를 비교분석하였다. 또한, 검사점을 선정하여 RMSE (Root Mean Square Error)를 산출한 결과, 정확도는 평균 RMSE 0.35m로 도출되었다. 이를 통해 지상기준점 데이터 없이 고품질의 수치표고모델을 제작할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

해안사구 변화 모니터링을 위한 시계열 UAV DEM 표고보정

최석근(Choi, Seok-Keun),이승기(Lee, Soung-Ki),최도연(Choi, Do-Yeon),임희창(Lim, Heechang) 한국측량학회 2023 한국측량학회지 Vol.41 No.6

Due to climate change and coastal development, significant transformations in coastal dunes have increased the demand for continuous monitoring. The usage of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) for this purpose has escalated. However, early UAV monitoring methods encountered limitations in the continuous installation and field measurement of GCP (Ground Control Points), necessitating the use of a reference DEM (Digital Elevation Model) for elevation correction. Notably, as the study area includes coastal dunes on islands, which differ from the mainland, long-term monitoring involves substantial costs and manpower for GCP surveying. This research introduces an elevation correction method for monitoring changes in coastal dunes, building upon previous studies. UNET was used to distinguish classes in invariant areas and to extract characteristic values from these areas. These values were normalized using the Z-score to eliminate outliers, and a linear regression formula was applied to adjust the DEM values. Over eight years, 13 sets of orthoimages and DEMs were created, both with and without GCPs. The proposed technique was evaluated by comparing DEMs with GCPs to those corrected using the proposed method without GCPs. Additionally, transects were selected to assess the effectiveness of the proposed monitoring method. This study confirms the feasibility of using the corrected DEM without ground control point data for coastal dune monitoring.

Satellite Image Processing Software for Value-Added Products

Hae Yeoun Lee,Won Kyu Park,Seung Bum Kim,Tae Jung Kim,Dong Seok Shin,Heung Kyu Lee 大韓遠隔探査學會 1999 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.15 No.4

To extract value-added products which are important in scientific area and practical life, e.g. digital elevation models, ortho-rectified images and geometric corrected images, Satellite Technology Research Center at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology has developed a satellite image processing software called "Valadd-Pro". In this paper, "Valadd-Pro" software is briefly introduced and its main components such as precise geometric correction, ortho-rectification and digital elevation model extraction component are described. The performance of "Valadd-Pro" software was assessed on 10m resolution 6000×6000 SPOT panchromatic images (60km×60km) using ground control points from GPS measurements. The height accuracy was measured by comparing our results with 100m resolution DTEDs produced by USGS and 60m resolution DEMs generated from digitized contours produced by National Geography Institute. Also, to show the superior performance of "Valadd-Pro" software, we compared the performance with that of commonly used PCI(R) commercial software. Based on the results, the geometric correction of "Valadd-Pro" software needs fewer ground control points than that of PCI(R) software and the ortho-rectification of "Valadd-Pro" software shows similar performance to that of PCI(R) software. In the digital elevation model extraction, "Valadd-Pro" software is two times more accurate and four times faster than PCI(R) software.

포물형 방정식을 이용한 레이다 안테나 고도각도 보정 연구

허준,서영광,박민규,배준우,박용배 한국전자파학회 2022 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.33 No.8

레이다는 전자파를 송신하고 나서 돌아온 신호를 해석해서 특정 기능을 수행하는 시스템이다. 레이다와 미지의 표적사이에서 오고 가는 전자파는 대기를 통해 진행하면서 굴절 현상을 겪게 되는데, 이는 레이다 운용 시 결과 해석에 오차를 만들 가능성을 증가시킨다. 사전에 전자파가 어느 정도로 굴절되어 진행하는지 예측할 수 있다면, 미지의 표적이 운용될 가능성이 큰 영역을 목표로 전자파가 진행할 수 있도록 하여 레이다 운용에 응용할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는조향각을 따라서 전자파가 진행했을 경우와 굴절하여 진행했을 경우를 분석하여, 안테나의 조향각을 보정하는 방법을제안했다. 4곳의 임의의 위치에 대해서 보정 방법을 적용함으로 안테나의 주 빔이 목표로 하는 영역을 향하게 설정할수 있음을 확인했다.

Satellite Image Processing Software for Value-Added Products

Lee, Hae-Yeoun,Park, Won-Kyu,Kim, Seung-Bum,Kim, Tae-Jung,Yoon, Tae-Hun,Shin, Dong-Seok,Lee, Heung-Kyu The Korean Society of Remote Sensing 1999 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.15 No.4

To extract value-added products which are important in scientific area and practical life, e.g. digital elevation models, ortho-rectified images and geometric corrected images, Satellite Technology Research Center at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology has developed a satellite image processing software called "Valadd-Pro". In this paper, "Valadd-Pro" software is briefly introduced and its main components such as precise geometric correction, ortho-rectification and digital elevation model extraction component are described. The performance of "Valadd-Pro" software was assessed on 10m resolution 6000 $\times$ 6000 SPOT panchromatic images (60km $\times$ 60km) using ground control points from GPS measurements. The height accuracy was measured by comparing our results with 100m resolution $DTEDs^{1)}$ produced by USGS and 60m resolution DEMs generated from digitized contours produced by National Geography Institute. Also, to show the superior performance of "Valadd-Pro" software, we compared the performance with that of commonly used PCI$\circledR$ commercial software. Based on the results, the geometric correction of "Valadd-Pro" software needs fewer ground control points than that of PCI$\circledR$ software and the ortho-rectification of "Valadd-Pro" software shows similar performance to that of PCI$\circledR$ software. In the digital elevation model extraction, "Valadd-Pro" software is two times more accurate and four times faster than PCI$\circledR$ software.ccurate and four times faster than PCI$\circledR$ software.

위도 검조자료를 이용한 최저-최고 천문조위 추정 오차 분석

정신택(Shin Taek Jeong),윤종태(Jong Tae Yoon),조홍연(Hongyeon Cho),고동휘(Dong Hui Ko),강금석(Keum Seok Kang) 한국해안해양공학회 2016 한국해안해양공학회 논문집 Vol.28 No.2

해상풍력 발전시설은 국제적인 설계기준조위로 최고천문조위(highest astronomical tide, HAT)와 최저천문조위(lowest astronomical tide, LAT) 기준을 요구하고 있다. 우리나라는 설계기준조위로 약최고고조위(AHHW)와 약최저저조위(ALLW) 기준을 사용하여 왔기 때문에 국제적인 설계기준을 만족하기 위해서는 해상풍력 발전시설 후보 해역인 위도에서의 HAT, LAT 추정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 위도에서 가용한 31년 조위자료를 이용하여 HAT, LAT 기준조위를 추정하였으며, 추정에 사용한 자료의 신뢰수준을 검토하기 위하여 장기 태음분조에 해당하는 18.61년 주기의 Nodal 변동 특성 분석을 수행하였다. Nodal 보정을 고려하지 않은 연간 M2, O1, K1 분조의 진폭변화는 뚜렷한 18.61년 주기를 보여 조화분석 결과가 적절하게 추정된 것으로 파악되고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 한편 조위자료를 이용하여 추정한 HAT, LAT 신뢰구간의 상한 및 하한으로 최종 추정한 HAT, LAT 조위는 AHHW, ALLW 기준조위에 비하여 각각 +40 cm, -35 cm 정도로 파악되었다. In designing of the wind power facilities, the highest and lowest astronomical tides (HAT and LAT) are needed in terms of an international design tidal water levels. The AHHW and ALLW, however, have been used as the design tidal levels in Korea. The HAT and LAT in the Wido coastal sea should be estimated to satisfy the standard because the pilot wind power facilities will be located in the adjacent Wido coastal sea. In this study, the HAT and LAT are estimated using the 31-years hourly tidal elevation data of the Wido tidal gauging station and the nodal variation patterns of the major lunar components, such as M₂, O₁, and K₁, are analysed to check the expected long-term lunar cycle, i.e., 18.61-year’s nodal variation patterns. The temporal amplitude variations of the M₂, O₁, and K₁ clearly show the 18.61-years periodic patterns in case of the no-nodal correction condition. In addition, the suggested HAT and LAT elevations, estimated as the upper and lower confidence limits of the yearly HAT and LAT elevations, show 40 cm greater than AHHW and 35 cm lower than ALLW, respectively.

대규모 발파자료를 이용한 한반도 남부 상부지각의 종파 속도 이방성

홍명호 ( Myung Ho Hong ),김기영 ( Ki Young Kim ) 한국지구물리·물리탐사학회 2009 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.12 No.3