Decolorization of textile industry effluent using immobilized consortium cells in upflow fixed bed reactor

Kurade, Mayur B.,Waghmode, Tatoba R.,Xiong, Jiu-Qiang,Govindwar, Sanjay P.,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2019 Journal of cleaner production Vol.213 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Textile dyes are xenobiotic contaminants which pose a potential risk on the ecosystem upon their disposal to the water bodies. This study evaluated the efficiencies of different immobilization matrices for its utilization in a reactor with continuous mode operation for decolorization of textile effluent. An effective consortium of bacteria (<I>Brevibacillus laterosporus</I>) and yeast (<I>Galactomyces geotrichum</I>) were immobilized in different support matrices including calcium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, stainless steel sponge and polyurethane foam to investigate the decolorization of a model azo dye, Remazol red and textile industry effluent. The microbial consortia immobilized in stainless steel sponge and polyurethane foam exhibited 100% decolorization of 50 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> Remazol red in 11 and 15 h, respectively; however, calcium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol required considerably more time (20 and 24 h, respectively) for complete decolorization. Among all the matrices, The calcium alginate, stainless steel sponge and polyurethane foam showed >95% decolorization of textile industry effluent within 48 h. The calcium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol exhibited stable performance of decolorization with its repeated use for 5 cycles with >76% decolorization. An upflow fixed bed reactor (total volume- 215 mL) packed with the immobilized cells of consortium onto stainless steel sponge attained ∼90% decolorization of textile industry effluent in continuous operation at 10 mL h<SUP>−1</SUP>. The decolorization efficiency of the reactor was well maintained (>90%) when the reactor was used repeatedly for three cycles. The overall results indicated that immobilized mixed consortium cells can be considered as an effective tool for its potential application in removal of xenobiotic textile dyes from the textile industry wastewater with >90% of decolorization efficiency.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effective microbial consortium was immobilized in different support matrices. </LI> <LI> SS-sponge immobilized cells showed 100% decolorization of Remazol red in 11 h. </LI> <LI> Calcium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol showed stable decolorization of textile effluent. </LI> <LI> The upflow fixed bed reactor can be used for continuous decolorization of effluent. </LI> </UL> </P>

Decolorization of reactive dyes by a thermostable laccase produced by Ganoderma lucidum in solid state culture

Murugesan, K.,Nam, I.H.,Kim, Y.M.,Chang, Y.S. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2007 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.40 No.7

Dye decolorizing potential of the white rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum KMK2 was demonstrated for recalcitrant textile dyes. G. lucidum produced laccase as the dominant lignolytic enzyme during solid state fermentation (SSF) of wheat bran (WB), a natural lignocellulosic substrate. Crude enzyme shows excellent decolorization activity to anthraquinone dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) without redox mediator whereas diazo dye Remazol Black-5 (RB-5) requires a redox mediator. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of crude enzyme confirms that the laccase enzyme was the major enzyme involved in decolorization of either dyes. Native and SDS-PAGE indicates that the presence of single laccase with molecular weight of 43kDa. N-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) at a concentration of 1mM was found as the best redox mediator. RB-5 (50mgl<SUP>-l</SUP>) was decolorized by 62% and 77.4% within 1 and 2h, respectively by the crude laccase (25Uml<SUP>-1</SUP>). RBBR (50mgl<SUP>-l</SUP>) was decolorized by 90% within 20h, however, it was more efficient in presence of HBT showing 92% decolorization within 2h. Crude laccase showed high thermostability and maximum decolorization activity at 60<SUP>o</SUP>C and pH 4.0. The decolorization was completely inhibited by the laccase inhibitor sodium azide (0.5mM). Enzyme inactivation method is a good method which averts the undesirable color formation in the reaction mixture after decolorization. High thermostability and efficient decolorization suggest that this crude enzyme could be effectively used to decolorize the synthetic dyes from effluents.

Decolorization of Acid Orange 7 by an electric field-assisted modified orifice plate hydrodynamic cavitation system: Optimization of operational parameters

Jung, Kyung-Won,Park, Dae-Seon,Hwang, Min-Jin,Ahn, Kyu-Hong Elsevier 2015 Ultrasonics sonochemistry Vol.26 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, the decolorization of Acid Orange 7 (AO-7) with intensified performance was obtained using hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) combined with an electric field (graphite electrodes). As a preliminary step, various HC systems were compared in terms of decolorization, and, among them, the electric field-assisted modified orifice plate HC (EFM-HC) system exhibited perfect decolorization performance within 40min of reaction time. Interestingly, when H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> was injected into the EFM-HC system as an additional oxidant, the reactor performance gradually decreased as the dosing ratio increased; thus, the remaining experiments were performed without H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. Subsequently, an optimization process was conducted using response surface methodology with a Box–Behnken design. The inlet pressure, initial pH, applied voltage, and reaction time were chosen as operational key factors, while decolorization was selected as the response variable. The overall performance revealed that the selected parameters were either slightly interdependent, or had significant interactive effects on the decolorization. In the verification test, complete decolorization was observed under statistically optimized conditions. This study suggests that EFM-HC is a useful method for pretreatment of dye wastewater with positive economic and commercial benefits.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Decolorization of Acid Orange 7 dye using hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) system. </LI> <LI> The combined process of HC system with electric field is the most efficient than others. </LI> <LI> Statistic optimization method was employed to EFM-HC system using RSM with a BBD. </LI> <LI> The quadratic regression model well matched with actual values. </LI> <LI> Complete decolorization of Acid Orange 7 was achieved. </LI> </UL> </P>

수중 유전체장벽방전 플라즈마를 이용한 아조 염색폐수 색도제거

조진오 ( Jin Oh Jo ),이상백 ( Sang Baek Lee ),목영선 ( Young Sun Mok ) 한국공업화학회 2013 공업화학 Vol.24 No.5

This work investigated the environmental application of an underwater dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor consisting of a porous hydrophobic ceramic tube to the decolorization of an azo dyeing wastewater. The reactive species generated by the plasma are mostly short-lived, which also need to be transferred to the wastewater right after the formation. Moreover, the gas-liquid interfacial area should be as large as possible to increase the decolorization rate. The arrangement of the present wastewater treatment system capable of immediately dispersing the plasmatic gas as tiny bubbles makes it possible to effectively decolorize the dyeing wastewater alongside consuming less amount of electrical energy. The effect of discharge power, gas flow rate, dissolved anion and initial dye concentration on the decolorization was examined with dry air for the creation of plasma and amaranth as an azo dye. At a gas flow rate of 1.5 L min -1 , the good contact between the plasmatic gas and the wastewater was achieved, resulting in rapid decolorization. For an initial dye concentration of 40.2 μmol L -1 (volume: 0.8 L; discharge power: 3.37 W), it took about 25 min to attain a decolorization efficiency of above 99%. Besides, the decolorization rate increased with decreasing the initial dye concentration or increasing the discharge power. The presence of chlorine anion appeared to slightly enhance the decolorization rate, whereas the effect of dissolved nitrate anion was negligible.

흰구름버섯(Coriolus hirsutus)에 의한 방향족 염료의 탈색

송연홍,최철민,김창진,신광수 대전대학교 이과대학 기초과학연구소 1997 自然科學 Vol.- No.-

담자균류 백색부후균의 일종인 흰구름버섯(Coriolus hirsutus)을 실험균주로 하여 수종의 난분해성 방향족염료의 분해능을 측정하였다. 사용된 4종류의 염료 중, triphenyl methane 염료인 bromophenol blue가 탈색를 95% 이상으로 가장 잘 탈색되었으며, Congo red와 Poly R-478은 이보다는 낮은 57%, 55% 가 탈색되었다. 그러나, heterocyclic 염료인 methylene blue는 본 균주에 의해 거의 탈색되지 않아TDmau, UV-visible spectrum상에서의 심색성 이동만 관찰되었다. 세포외 laccase와 peroxidase의 활성은 각 염료의 탈색율과 비례하여 나타났으며, 최대 활성 또한 최대 탈색시기에 관찰되었다. 효소의 활성 염색시 모든 연료의 탈색배지에서 공통적인 laccase와 peroxidase의 활성 띠가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 세포의 laccase와 peroxidase가 난분해성 염료의 탈색에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 판단된다. The white rot fungus Coriolus hirsutus decolorized several recalcitrant dyes. Four different types of dyes, including azo, triphenyl methane, heterocyclic, and polymeric dye, were treated by the mycelial preparation. Tri-phenyl methane dye, bromophenol blue lost over 95% of its color. Congo red and Poly R-478 were decolorized less than bromophenol blue, 57 and 55%, respectively. However, heterocyclic dye, methylene blue was not decolorized significantly and only red shift was observed. Extracellular laccase and peroxidase. activities were appeared maximally in high level of dye decolorization media. In electrophoretic experiments, common active bands of laccase and peroxidase were found in all dye decolorized medium. These results indicated that the culture conditions which yield high levels of laccase and peroxidase activity lead to high levels of dye decolorization, and these two enzymes might be play an important roles in dye decolorization.

Effect of Zeta Potential on Chitosan Doped Cerium Oxide in the Decolorization of Cationic Dye under Visible Light Irradiation

Santhoshini Priya Thomas,Hameed Hussain Ahmed Mansoor,Monicka Kullappan,Vadivel Sethumathavan,Balasubramanian Natesan 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.7

In recent days, semiconductor photocatalysis for the advanced water treatment of organic contaminants has beenconsidered as an efficient and attractive technology. This papers deals with the synthesis, characterization, and study of zetapotential effect of chitosan doped cerium oxide beads (CCB) for the photocatalytic decolorization of cationic dye, methyleneblue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The CCB were successfully synthesized through sol-gel method and furthercharacterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM). The SEM images show that cerium oxide nanoparticles were profoundly embedded on the chitosanmaterial. CCB exhibited higher photocatalytic activity with 97.75 % after 210 min of decolorization. Decolorization of MBusing CCB was analyzed at different intervals of time under visible light irradiation using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The rate ofMB decolorization under visible light irradiation follows the pseudo first order kinetics using Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Zeta potential of CCB were analyzed for aqueous solutions of chitosan dispersion over a pH range of 2 to 8.

흰구름버섯(Coriolus hirsutus)에 의한 방향족 염료의 탈색

송연홍,최철민,김창진,신광수,Song, Yeon-Hong,Choi, Chul-Min,Kim, Chang-Jin,Shin, Kwang-Soo 한국미생물학회 1997 미생물학회지 Vol.33 No.4

담자균류 백색부후균의 일종인 흰구름버섯(Coriolus hirsutus)을 실험균주로 하여 수종의 난분해성 방향족염료의 분해능을 측정하였다. 사용된 4종류의 염료 중, triphenyl methane 염료인 bromophenol blue가 탈색율 95% 이상으로 가장 잘 탈색되었으며, Congo red와 Poly R-478은 이보다는 낮은 57%, 55%가 탈색되었다. 그러나, heterocyclic 염료인 methylene blue는 본 균주에 의해 거의 탈색되지 않았으며, UV-visible spectrum상에서의 심색성 이동만 관찰되었다. 세포외 laccase와 peroxidase의 활성은 각 염료의 탈색율과 비례하여 나타났으며, 최대 활성 또한 최대 탈색시기에 관찰되었다. 효소의 활성 염색시 모든 염료의 탈색배지에서 공통적인 laccase와 peroxidase의 활성 띠가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 세포외 laccase와 peroxidase가 난분해성 염료의 탈색에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 판단된다. The white rot fungus Coriolus hiysutus decolorized several recalcitrant dyes. Four different types of dyes, including azo, triphenyl methane, heterocyclic, and polymeric dye, were treated by the mycelial preparation. Triphenyl methane dye, bromophenol blue lost over 95% of its color. Congo red and Poly R-478 were decolorized less than bromophenol blue, 57 and 55%, respectively. However, heterocyclic dye, methylene blue was not decolorized significantly and only red shift was observed. Extracellular laccase and peroxidase activities were appeared maximally in high level of dye decolorization media. In electrophoretic experiments, common active bands of laccase and peroxidase were found in all dye decolorized medium. These results indicated that the culture conditions which yield high levels of laccase and peroxidase activity lead to high levels of dye decolorization, and these two enzymes might be play an important roles in dye decolorization.

Trametes velutina JS18 유래 멜라닌 탈색 효소의 생산, 정제 및 특성

전숭종 ( Sung-jong Jeon ),김태윤 ( Tae-yun Kim ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2020 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.48 No.4

삼림지역의 고목에서 분리한 JS18 균주는 합성 멜라닌을 탈색하는 세포 외 분비효소를 생산했다. JS18 균주의 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 염기서열을 분석하고 계통학적으로 확인한 결과 본 균주는 Trametes velutina로 동정되었다. JS18 균주는 laccase 활성을 나타냈지만 manganese peroxidase 및 lignin peroxidase 활성은 나타내지 않았다. 본 균주를 회분배양한 결과 멜라닌 탈색 활성은 laccase 활성으로부터 유래하는 것으로 확인되었다. Laccase 유도인자로써 Syringic acid 및 CuSO4를 첨가하고 25℃에서 7일간 배양한 결과 배양상등액에서 98 U/ml의 laccase 활성을 나타내었다. GYP 배지에서 배양한 T. velutina의 배양상등액에서 ammonium sulfate 침전, Hi-trap Q Sepharose 컬럼 및 gel filtration을 이용하여 효소를 정제하였고, SDS-PAGE에서 약 67 kDa의 분자량을 나타내었다. 정제된 효소의 멜라닌 탈색율은 효소 단독으로는 24 시간 만에 단지 4% 만을 나타내는 반면, HBT의 존재 하에서는 80%로 향상되었다. 또한 1.5 mM HBT의 농도에서는 최대 81%의 멜라닌 탈색율을 나타내었다. 본 효소의 멜라닌 탈색에 대한 최적 pH 및 온도는 각각 5.0와 37℃를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 T. velutina JS18 유래 laccase가 촉매하는 멜라닌 탈색 반응에서 redox mediator로써 HBT의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다. The JS18 strain was isolated from an old tree forest and produced extracellular enzymes that decolorize synthetic melanin. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence, indicate that JS18 belongs to the Trametes velutina species. JS18 demonstrated laccase activity but no manganese peroxidase or lignin peroxidase activity. Batch culture indicated that the melanin decolorization activity of JS18 strain originated from the laccase. Syringic acid and CuSO₄ induced maximum laccase production, yielding 98 U/mL laccase activity after cultivation for 7 days at 25℃. T. velutina secretes an extracellular laccase in GYP medium, and this enzyme was purified using (NH₄)₂SO₄ precipitation, Hi-trap Q Sepharose columns and gel filtration. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 67 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This enzyme produced 80% of its melanin decolorization activity within the first 24 h of evaluation in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT), while only about 4% of the melanin was decolorized in the absence of the mediator. The greatest decolorization was observed at 1.5 mM/l HBT, which decolorized 81% of the melanin within the first 24 h. The optimum pH and temperature for this decolorization were found to be 5.0 and 37℃, respectively. Our results suggest the possibility of applying HBT induced T. velutina JS18 laccase-catalyzed melanin decolorization.

Monitoring the gradual biodegradation of dyes in a simulated textile effluent and development of a novel triple layered fixed bed reactor using a bacterium-yeast consortium

Kurade, M.B.,Waghmode, T.R.,Patil, S.M.,Jeon, B.H.,Govindwar, S.P. Elsevier 2017 Chemical engineering journal Vol.307 No.-

Textile industry effluents contain a variety of dyes, which are normally resistant to biodegradation. A bacterial-yeast consortium (Brevibacillus laterosporus and Galactomyces geotrichum) was used for decolorization of two real textile effluents (RTE) and a simulated synthetic effluent (SSE). It showed enhanced decolorization compared to that of individual microorganisms with decolorization efficiency of 89, 60 and 69% for RTE-1, RTE-2 and SSE respectively, within 48h. The cumulative action of oxido-reductive enzyme in the consortium was responsible for improved decolorization. Spectroscopic analysis suggested effective biodegradation of dyes present in the SSE by the consortium contrarily to the individual strains. The gradual biodegradation of each dye present in the SSE was monitored using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The consortium biodegraded all of the dyes within 1has compared to that of partial biodegradation by the individual microorganisms. A novel, triple layered fixed bed reactor was designed for continuous decolorization of effluent. It showed >80% decolorization (at 100mLh<SUP>-1</SUP>flow-rate), for a period of 7days, along with ~78% reduction in COD. The reproducibility of the bioreactor could be maintained for three consecutive cycles (7dayseach).

Azo dye decolorization by ZVI under circum-neutral pH conditions and the characterization of ZVI corrosion products

KHANABUZAR,SUBBAIAH MUTHU PRABHU,박재선,이우진,전철민,안주성,이기현 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.47 No.-

This study examined the effects of initial solution pH (pHi), ZVI dosage, initial Trypan Blue (TB)concentration ([TB]0), and background electrolytes (NaCl and NaNO3) on the rate and extent of dyedecolorization. TB azo dye ([TB]0 = 90 mM) was almost completely removed in 1320 min at pHi 4, whileonly 54% at pHi 10. The effects of Cl and NO3as a common major anion (10 mM) were contrasting on theefficiency of ZVI decolorization. The former accelerated the decolorization presumably due to impedingsurface passivation of secondary Fe (oxyhydr)oxides by forming dissolved Fe–Cl complexes. On thecontrary, the latter promoted the formation of secondary oxide layers resulting in the declining the ZVIreactivity. The XRD spectra of reacted ZVI particles suggested that lepidocrocite was initially formed asthe ZVI corrosion products, which gradually transformed to magnetite. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed thedecolorization processes as the destruction of N¼N bond in TB dye structure, followed by the formationof free aromatic amine groups ( NH2) after 1320 min of reaction with ZVI. The experimental resultsdemonstrated that the novel ZVI treatment system could be a potential and promising alternativetechnique to remove TB dye by reductive decolorization treatment processes.