2012년 제정 ICC 포페이팅통일규칙(URF)에 관한 소고

허해관 韓國貿易商務學會 2013 貿易商務硏究 Vol.58 No.-

This article introduces and briefly examines the Uniform Rules for Forfaiting (URF)(ICC Publication No. 800), which were prepared by a joint project of the Banking Commission of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the International Forfaiting Association (IFA), and became effective on January 1, 2013. Forfaiting is a kind of trade financing technic performed by way of a sale and purchase of payment claim between its seller and its buyer, the forfaiter, on a without recourse basis. URF is designed to facilitate global trade finance and embraces all the international payment instruments which are currently used and will be newly developed in the future. URF is expected to be a set of standardized terms and conditions for both the primary and secondary forfaiting markets. In this context, this article first looks into the concept of the forfaiting and certain features and structure of forfaiting transactions. Then this article moves to discussing URF itself. For this it examines (i) the nature and scope of URF and some important definitions provided in URF, (ii) some provisions of URF that apply to the delivery of documents to the forfaiter, the examination, and the acceptance or refusal, of such documents by the forfaiter, and (iii) the payment of purchase price by the forfaiter to its seller, including the matter of "payment under reserve" and repurchase by the seller from the forfaiter. Finally, this article examines liabilities of the parties concerned, before conclusion.

포페이팅 통일규칙에 관한 연구

임재욱(Jae-Wook Lim) 한국관세학회 2012 관세학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Forfaiting is one of the rare instruments with which an exporter obliged to grant payment terms to an importer can obtain liquidity and cover all the risks related to this transaction at the same time. During the recent crisis, many exporters have realized how important this source of financing is. Forfaiting does not only cover the traditional without recourse financing of claims arising from drafts and letters of credit. More and more trade is settled nowadays on open account terms and this tendency will accelerate with the further development of commerce. Also, there is a growing awareness among corporations about the importance of the optimization of working capital. Focusing on the Draft of Uniform Rules for Forfaiting(URF), this study explains the background, scope, definitions and the consist of the URF. The URF have been drafted with representatives from both the IFA and ICC and draw on a deep pool of technical knowledge and practical experience. The URF have been drafted with representatives from both the IFA and ICC and draw on a deep pool of technical knowledge and practical experience. The authors and both organizations are confident that this combination has resulted in set of robust and functional set of contractual rules. The URF provides a set of rules for the origination and sale and purchase of instruments and agreements used for financing trade. The URF does not by itself create a new instrument or agreement in the same way as.

갑상선 세포주에서 방사선 조사에 따른 RET 암유전자에 재배열에 관한 연구

박영홍,손우현,김상효 인제대학교 1998 仁濟醫學 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구에서는 실험적인 X-선 조사에 의한 RET 재배열의 유발 가능성을 알아보고 갑상선암 조직에서도 RET 재배열을 검출함으로서 방사선 조사에 의한 RET 재배열과 갑상선암 발생의 상관 관계를 확인하고자 하였다. RT-PCR과 직접 염기서열 결정의 방법으로 X-선을 조사받은 세포주 TT와 SW759와 유두선종 갑상선암 조직 4예를 대상으로 RET의 재배열을 분석하였다. TT와 SW759 세포주에 10-100 Gy의 X-선을 조사한 결과 PTC2-RET 또는 D10S170-RET 재배열이 발생하였으나 URF-RET 재배열은 전혀 발생하지 않았다. 그리고 4예의 갑상선암 조직에서도 D10S170-RET와 PTC2-RET 재배열은 관찰되었으나 URF-RET 재배열은 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 세포주와 갑상선암 조직에서 관찰된 재배열의 직접 염기서열 결과 모두 동일한 1가지 염기배열만 나타났다. 따라서 갑상선 세포주에서 X-선 조사에 의해 유발되는 RET 유전자의 재배열은 D10S170 및 PTC2와 밀접한 관련을 가지는 것으로 보이며, 이는 갑상선암 조직에서의 실험에서도 이를 부분적으로 확인된다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 원폭 생존자들 중에서의 암을 포함하여 X-선 조사로 야기된 일부 thyroid cancer들은 방사선 노출에 의해 유발된 특정 형태의 RET 암유전자의 재배열을 통해 발생하게 될 것이라는 가설이 타당함을 보여준다. Objective: To reveal the inducibility and incidence of RET rearrangement by in vitro X-irradiation and to detect RET rearrangement from papillary thyroid cancer Method and Materials: Reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing technique were carried out to 0, 10, 50 and 100 Gy X-irradiated TT and SW759 cell lines originated from thyroid cancer. And four samples of papillary thyroid cancer were also analysed. Results: D10S170-RET and PTC2-RET rearrangements were detected in TT and SW759 cell line irradlated at 10 Gy or over, but URF-RET rearrangement not at all. And analysis of papillary thyroid cancers showed D10S170-RET and PTC2-RET rearrangement but not URF-RET rearrangement. D10S170-RET and PTC2-RET rearrangements from cell lines and thyroid cancer tissues had the same sequence, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that rearrangement of RET gene of thyroid cell by X-ray irradiation is closely related with D10S170 or PTC2 gene and that RET rearrangement may be critical to thyroid tumorigenesis.

국내 외국환은행의 포페이팅 위험관리 비교 고찰

김창선(Chang-Sun Kim) 한국무역학회 2018 貿易學會誌 Vol.43 No.5

국내 외국환은행의 포페이팅 취급행태와 개선점에 관한 연구

김창선(Chang-Sun Kim) 한국무역학회 2017 貿易學會誌 Vol.42 No.3

Sedimentary copper mineralization in the upper red formation, Yakhab area, central Iran

Kaveh Pazand,Ali Behzadinasab,Mohammad Reza Ghaderi,Mohammad Reza Rezvanianzadeh 한국자원공학회 2019 Geosystem engineering Vol.22 No.6

Copper mineralization in the Yakhab area, Central Iran, appears as disseminated copper sulfides along a redox boundary in gray sandstone of Upper Red Formation (URF). The URF formation section was investigated in the study area and report copper mineralization. Geochemical analyses of the Yakhab deposits showed maximum of 7.5 wt. % copper, 1.6 wt. % molybdenum and 116 mg/kg silver in the gray sandstone. In Yakhab section URF exposer reaches a thickness of as much as 1400 m that often copper mineralization is found in Midsection (261-681 m) in the grey sandstone in the form of patches inside plant fossils. Based on X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses, microscopic studies and field observation paratacamite, atacamite, covellite and chalcocite were identified as major copper minerals and Powellite is the major molybdenum mineral in URF sandstone. The main phase of the copper mineralization in the Yakhab area was developed during diagenesis.

Current Status of the IAEA URF Network and the Results of the 19th Annual Meeting

Geon Young Kim,Jin-Seop Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2021 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2021 No.06

Embedded Linux 기반 무인비행로봇의 저가 고정밀 위치 모니터링 시스템 구현 연구

임준후(Joonhoo Lim),김희성(Hee Sung Kim),이제영(Je Yong Lee),최광호(Kwang Ho Choi),조정호(Jeongho Cho),이형근(Hyung Keun Lee) 제어로봇시스템학회 2014 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.20 No.12

Recently, UFRs (Unmanned Flying Robots) have begun to be utilized in various areas for civilian and military applications. Due to this increased utilization, accidents involving UFRsare also increasing. To prevent or monitor accidents caused by UFRs, high-accuracy positioning information is one of the most important technical elements. This paper proposes an efficient UFR monitoring system which provides accurate UFR positioning information with low-cost onboard elements; a small ARM module based on an embedded Linux operating system, a low-cost single frequency GPS receiver with a cheap patch antenna, and a versatile wireless network interface module. The ground monitoring system employs a dual frequency GPS receiver to generate exact UFR coordinates with cm-level accuracy. By processing the UFR measurements based on the Inverse RTK (Real Time Kinematic) method, the ground monitoring system determines the cm-level accurate coordinates of the UFR. The feasibility of the proposed UFR monitoring system was evaluated by three experiments in terms of data loss and accuracy.