친환경 유기 소재로서 열가소성 탄성체의 오늘과 내일

최은지 ( Eun Ji Choi ),윤지환 ( Ji Hwan Yoon ),조정규 ( Jung Kyu Jo ),심상은 ( Sang Eun Shim ),윤주호 ( Ju Ho Yun ),김일 ( Il Kim ) 한국고무학회 2010 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.45 No.3

열가소성 탄성체(thermoplastic elastomer, TPE)는 학술적 기초 및 응용은 물론이고 산업적, 상업적으로 매우 중요한 유기 소재의 하나이다. TPE는 블록 공중합체뿐만 아니라 많은 다른 고분자분야에서도 중요한 한 영역으로 생각할 수 있다. 가황 고무가 갖고 있는 성질과 열가소성 플라스틱이 보이는 성질을 동시에 갖고 있기 때문이다. 또한 블록과 그라프트 공중합체, 이들 혼합물, 가황 물질에서 비롯된 일련의 성질을 보여주기 때문이다. 이 소재의 중요성은 출판되는 간행물(논문, 특허, 보고서 등)의 수에서도 알 수 있다. `thermoplastic elastomer`를 키워드로, 열가소성 탄성체의 개념이 들어간 간행물의 숫자를 SciFinderScholar를 이용하여 조사한 결과, 1939년~2010년 7월 10일 사이에 18,508편에 이르렀으며, 특히 1990년 중반부터 그 숫자가 기하급수적으로 늘었다. 열가소성 플라스틱의 성질과 가교탄성체의 성질을 동시에 갖고 있는 TPE의 영역을 설명할 때 과학적, 기술적, 상업적인 관점을 모두 고려해야 한다. 본 보문에서는 TPE의 역사적인 관점을 먼저 설명하고, 화학적, 구조적 및 모폴러지 연구 동향을 다루고자 한다. 또한 주요 제조법과 현대적 분석 기술을 다룰 것이다. 이어 TPE의 성질과 가공성, 유기소재 사이에서의 입지와 응용에 대해도 분석한 후, 향후의 발전 방향에 대하여 논의하고자 한다. Much interest on the thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) has recently been attracted in commercial fields as well as scientific and applied researches. The TPEs have their own characteristic area especially in relation with block copolymers as well as many other polymeric materials, since they show interesting features displayed by the conventional vulcanized rubber, and at the same time, by the thermoplastics. In addition, they are characterized by a set of interesting properties inherent to block and graft copolymers, variety of blends and vulcanized materials. The importance of TPE as organic materials can be evaluated by the number of published reports (papers, patents, technical reports, etc). The input of the concept `thermoplastic elastomer` to SciFinderScholar yields 18,508 results between 1939 and July 10, 2010, and the number increased exponentially after the mid of 1990. For the suitable introduction of the TPE, historic, scientific, technical and commercial considerations should be taken into account. This review article starts with a brief discussion on historical considerations, followed by a introduction of the main preparations and analytical techniques utilized in chemical, structural, and morphological studies. The properties, processing tools, the position among organic materials, and applications of TPEs are also briefly reviewed. Finally, the most probable trends of their future development are discussed in a short final remarks.

LFT-D 시스템을 이용한 탄소 장섬유 열가소성 복합재의 제조 및 인장특성 분석

신유정(Yujeong Shin),정한규(Han-Kyu Jeung),박시우(Si-Woo Park),박동욱(Dong-Wook Park),박열(Yeol Park),정진우(Jin-Woo Jung) 한국기계가공학회 2017 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.16 No.5

Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite materials have been widely used in various industrial fields because the design variables can be adjusted according to the application of the required structure. Thermosetting and thermoplastic resins are used as the base materials of CFRP composites for the lightweight construction of automotive components. Thermoplastics have several advantages such as no curing and recyclability compared to thermosetting resin. In this study, CFRP composites were made using the Long-Fiber Thermoplastic-Direct (LFT-D) process. The LFT-D process includes an in-line production system that directly impregnates a thermoplastic resin, extrudes the composite material, and molds it. This process increases the strength and decreases the molding time. The tensile strength characteristics on the mechanical properties of CFRP were analyzed according to the parameters of LFT-D based on thermoplastics. To analyze the properties of CFRP, the specimens were prepared based on the tensile test standard ASTM 3039 of composite materials.

열가소성 플라스틱 재질과 3D 프린트 필라멘트 재질에대한 방사선량 분석에 관한 연구

이동연(Dong-Yeon Lee) 한국방사선학회 2021 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구는 방사선치료 시 사용하는 고정용구 인 열가소성 플라스틱 마스크를 3D 프린트로 제작하기 위한 선행 연구로써 열가소성 플라스틱을 대체할 수 있는 필라멘트 재질을 분석하고자 진행하였다. 시중에 상용화되어 있는 필라멘트 재질 중 열가소성 플라스틱 마스크와 특성이 유사한 재질을 선택하여 방사선량을 비교 분석하였다. 실험은 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션을 이용하였으며, 마스크가 두부를 고정한 형태를 ICRU 구를 대상으로 모사하고 열가소성 플라스틱 재질과 필라멘트 재질을 적용하여 피부 Hp(0.07), 수정체 Hp(3), 전신 Hp(10) 지점에서 광자 플루언스를 계산하였다. 그 결과 열가소성 플라스틱 재질을 기준으로 상대적인 선량을 보면 차이가 4% 이내로 근사한 값을 나타내었으며, 가장 유사한 선량을 보인 재질은 PA-nylon으로 나타났다. 적절한 필라멘트 재질 선택에 있어서 경제성, 방사선 영향 등 다양한 조건을 종합적으로 고려하여 선택해야 할 것이며, 본 연구 결과를 기초적인 자료로써 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. This study is a prior research to manufacture a thermoplastic mask, which is a fixture used in radiation therapy, by 3D printing. It proceeded to analyze the filament material that can replace the thermoplastic. Among the commercially available filament materials, a material having similar characteristics to that of a thermoplastic mask was selected and the radiation dose was compared and analyzed. The experiment used Monte Carlo simulation. The shape in which the mask fixed the head was simulated for the ICRU sphere. The photon fluence was calculated at the skin Hp (0.07), the lens Hp (3), and the whole body Hp (10) by applying a thermoplastic plastic material and a filament material. As a result, when looking at the relative dose based on the thermoplastic plastic material, the difference was approximated within 4%. The material showing the most similar dose was PA-nylon. In selecting an appropriate filament material, it should be selected by comprehensively considering various conditions such as economical efficiency and radiation effects. It is thought that the results of this study can be used as basic data.

총설 : 환경친화형 열가소성 탄성체 기술개발 동향

이용상 ( Yong Sang Lee ),정중채 ( Jung Chea Jeong ),박종만 ( Jong Man Park ) 한국고무학회 2010 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.45 No.4

ABSTRACT:Much interest on the thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) has recently been attracted in commercial fields as well as scientific and applied research. The TPEs have their own characteristic area especially in relation with block copolymers as well as many other polymeric materials, since they show interesting features displayed by the conventional vulcanized rubber, and at the same time, by the thermoplastics. In addition, they are characterized by a set of interesting properties inherent to block and graft copolymers, variety of blends and vulcanized materials. The importance of TPE as organic materials can be evaluated by the number of published reports (papers, patents, technical reports, etc). For the suitable introduction of the TPE, historic, scientific, technical and commercial considerations should be taken into account. This review article starts with a brief discussion on historical considerations, followed by a introduction of the main preparations and analytical techniques utilized in chemical, structural, and morphological studies. The properties, processing tools, the position among organic materials, and applications of TPEs are also briefly reviewed. Finally, the most probable trends of their future development are discussed in a short final remarks.

Properties of polypropylene/thermoplastic polyester elastomer blends and effects of a compatibilizer

김영곤,김민재,김영선,심상은 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1

Polypropylene (PP) is one of the important and common thermoplastics. The modification of PP for engineering applications has attracted attention in both academic and commercial fields. Thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) offer superior mechanical properties, heat resistance, flexibility and chemical resistance, elasticity, which allow it to be widely used for electronic instruments, automotive parts. Herein, PP is improved by means of blending it with TPEE. However, most polymers are not immiscible with each another in blending situations. Blending immiscible polymers usually results in a multiphase blend. Interfaces between multiphase have negative effects on determining mechanical properties of these blends. This problem can be resolved by using proper compatibilizers. As a special additive, compatibilizers usually concentrate at interfaces during blending and play the roles of reducing interfacial tension, preventing coalescence and strengthening interface adhesion. As a result, it gives a pair of immiscible polymers compatibility. Herein, a maleic anhydride-grafted-polypropylene (MA-g-PP) was utilized to compatibilize PP/TPEE blends. The resulting blends were characterized by means of universal testing machine (UTM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Effects of the compatibilizer for PP/TPEE blends can be confirmed with morphology by SEM. In SEM image, MAPP was effective in strengthening PP/ TPEE interface adhesion. Thermal and mechanical properties of PP/TPEE blends is investigating.

CFRTP 소재 가공을 위한 초음파 나이프 적용 가능성에 관한 연구

송기혁,김혜진,박지영,성시명 한국금형공학회 2023 한국금형공학회지 Vol.17 No.2

In this study, an experiment was conducted to confirm the applicability of the external shape control of the ultrasonic knife to the CFRTP material, which is the base material of thermoplastic. TC910 based on polyamide6 (PA6) was used as the material. The slope 와 and tool transfer speed of the material and tool were selected as process factors for processing, and the following results were obtained. Under all cutting conditions using an ultrasonic knife, friction heat caused by high-frequency vibration was issued at 150℃ at the contact part between the material and the knife during cutting. As a result of the cutting force analysis, the faster the transfer speed, the higher the cutting force as the angle of entry of the blade increased, and the size of the cutting force changed during cutting. As for the size of the burr in accordance with the transfer speed condition, the smallest burr occurred at 150mm/min in the side part, and the smallest burr occurred at 150mm/min and 200mm/min in the case of the outlet burr. The size of the burr according to the entry angle tended to decrease as the tool entry angle increased, and the side part tended to increase as the tool entry angle increased. As a result of the cutting surface analysis, it was confirmed that the base material was eluted under all conditions, and the faster the transfer speed, the lower the elution phenomenon of the base material. Based on the above results, cutting the CFRTP material with an ultrasonic knife is possible, but the effect on heat generation caused by friction needs to be minimized, and further research needs to be conducted on this.

SOLVING OF THERMOPLASTIC-CARBON BONDING ISSUE USING NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS

Paweł Paździor,Mirosław Szczepanik 한국자동차공학회 2021 International journal of automotive technology Vol.22 No.2

The aim of this study was to elaborate on the methods of constructing combined components of a car mirror. The components were made of materials with different thermal expansion coefficient. The basis for the research were numerical simulations prepared in Moldex 3D software. The external cover of a mirror would be made of carbon composite based on epoxy resin (hereafter referred to as carbon), and the internal insert would be made of ABS. The adhesive bonding applied did not provide appropriate properties and led to breaks during usage. After carrying out moldflows it was found that the areas of breaks were determined by the places where fronts of flowing material met during the injection. The cause of breaking was diametrically different thermal expansion of both materials. This induced significant stresses in the adhesive layer. Finally, the effective solution was to change the geometry of the mirror insert made of thermoplastic ABS.

Optimal Polymerization Conditions in Thermoplastic-Resin Transfer Molding Process for Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PA6 Composites Using the Response Surface Method

최찬웅,진지원,이학성,허몽영,강기원 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.5

This study aims to optimize the polymerization conditions in a thermoplastic-resin transfer molding (T-RTM)process for the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced PA6 composites (CFPA6) using a response surface method. For this, a T-RTM process was first established with carbon fiber and caprolactam (PA6 monomer) as the base materials. Next, the injection speed, C20 (activator) rate, and C10 (catalyst) rate were selected as design variables that affect themechanical properties of the CFPA6 composites. Experimental conditions for the three design variables were establishedusing the central composite design (CCD) from the design of experiments (DOE) method. The significance of the CCD wasverified by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and sensitivity analysis. Finally, an optimization problem was solved with anobjective function of tensile strength and a constraint of the polymer conversion rate to identify the optimal CFPA6polymerization reaction conditions.

방수제품용 열가소성-열경화성 이종 사출금형 개발

정태성(T. S. Jung),구본홍(B. H. Koo),이동진(D. J. Lee) 한국소성가공학회 2015 금형가공 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.8

Based on eco- friendly advantages and the enhanced development in the chemical and physical characteristics, liquid silicone rubber(LSR) is used in producing precision parts in the automotive, medical, electronics, aeronautical and many other industries. In this work, thermoplastic-thermoset multi component injection mold(MCM) has been developed for automotive waterproof connector housing using PBT and LSR resins. Measuring rheological characteristics of PBT and LSR was done to improve reliability of numerical analysis for multi component injection process. Applying measured viscosity, PVT and curing data, numerical analysis of multi cycles injection molding process were carried out by using the simulation software(Sigma).

Variation of mechanical and thermal properties of the thermoplastics reinforced with natural fibers by electron beam processing

Kim, Sok Won,Oh, Seungmin,Lee, Kyuse Pergamon 2007 Radiation physics and chemistry Vol.76 No.11-12

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>With restrictions for environmental protection being strengthened, the thermoplastics reinforced with natural fibers (NFs) such as jute, kenaf, flax, etc., appeared as an automobile interior material instead of the chemical plastics. Regardless of many advantages, one shortcoming is the deformation after being formed in high temperature of about 200°C, caused by the poor adhesion between the natural fibers and thermoplastics. Also, the energy saving in connection with car air-conditioning becomes very important. In this study, the thermal conductivity, tensile strength, and deformation of several kinds of thermoplastic composites composing of 50% polypropylene (PP) and 50% natural fiber irradiated by the electron beam (energy: 0.5MeV, dose: 0–20kGy) were measured. The length and thickness of PP and NF are 80±10mm and 40–120μm, respectively. The results show that the thermal conductivity and the tensile strength changed and became minimum when the dose of electron beam is 10kGy, and the deformation after the thermal cycle were reduced by the electron beam.</P>