Effects of Exercise on the Expression of 5-HT and TPH in the Raphe Nucles of Autism-treated Rats

Park, Joon-Ki,Lee Sam-Jun 한국스포츠학회 2019 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.17 No.4

임신중 Valproic Acid 투여는 태어난 새씨 쥐에서 자폐증과 같은 행동을 유발한다. 세로토닌은 뇌의 신경 활성을 나타내는 요인으로 뇌의 발달에 중요한 역할을 하는 화학물질이다. 운동은 뇌에서 신경 가소성 및 활성을 증진시키는 요소로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 임신 중 자폐증에 노출된 쥐로부터 태어난 새끼쥐의 봉선핵에서 세로토닌 합성 및 세로토닌 합성을 조절하는 효소인 5-HT 및 TPH의 과-발현증에 수영운동이 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 실험결과, 어미 의 자폐증 노출은 새끼 쥐의 봉선핵에서 세로토닌 합성 및 TPH 과발현증으로 불안과 철회행동과 같은 반응을 일으키는 것으로 나타나며, 이러한 반응은 수영 운동을 통해 이와 같은 영향이 억제가 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 수영 운동은 임신 중 자폐증에 노출된 모체로부터 태어난 새끼 쥐들의 5-HT 및 TPH 과-발현증을 감소시킴으 로써 뇌의 기능적인 영향에 유용한 전략적 방안이 될 수 있을 것으로 보여 진다. Using rats exposed prenatally to valproic acid (VPA) as an animal model, we measured expression of 5-HT and TPH in samples collected from the dorsal raphe using the immunohistochemistry. The basal 5-HT and TPH expression level in raphe was significantly higher in VPA-exposed rats relative to controls. Since the over-expression of 5-HT and TPH system is known to be sensitive to physical and psychological stressors, we measured expression 5-HT and TPH levels in raphe nucles after chronic swimming exercise. There were further gradual decreased in hyperserotonemia expression 5-HT and TPH levels during the swimming exercise in the VPA-exposed rats and the level of serotonine decreased in the control rats. The expression 5-HT and TPH revealed a significant decrease in exercise with autism-treated rats. These results suggest that this rodent model of autism exhibits a high expression 5-HT and TPH, which is inhibited by swim exercise. This abnormality may be responsible for anxiety and withdrawal behavior observed in autism. Based on these present results, swimming exercise may be a useful strategy to decrease the hyperserotoninemia such as overexpression 5-HT and TPH of the pups born from mothers who have exposed VPA-treated rats during pregnancy.

토양 내 TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons)의 생물학적 분해 연구

김지영 ( Jee Young Kim ),이상섭 ( Sang Seob Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2011 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.39 No.2

본 연구실에서 확보한 diesel 분해 고효율 균주 Pseudomonas putida KDi 19, kerosene 분해 고효율 균주 P. aeruginosa K14, gasoline 분해 고효율 균주 P. putida G8, BTEX 분해 고효율 균주 P. putida BJ10, P. putida E41의 5개의 고효율 균주를 컬럼 및 반응기에 적용하여 TPH의 생물학적 분해 실험에 적용하였다. 영양염류 및 산소 농도, 균농도 등 최적의 환경인자 도출을 통해 최적의 생물학적 처리 효율을 TPH의 경우, MSM 및 activator I을 주입하여 25일 동안 76.3%의 제거 효율과 제거속도상수 K=0.711를 나타냈으며, diesel의 경우 40일 동안 99.2%의 제거 효율을 보였다. 또한, TPH 오염 토양의 lab-scale bioremediation 실험에서 고효율 균주를 적용한 결과 45일 운전 기간 동안 7,209.9 mg·kg-1을 825.6 mg·kg-1까지 88.5% 제거하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 TPH로 오염된 토양의 bioremediation을 위한 고효율 균주 확보와 최적의 환경 인자 도출은 현재 부족한 생물학적 처리 연구와 물리적 화학적 처리의 문제를 해소하기 위한 기초적 실험 자료로서 기여할 것으로 사료된다. We previously showed that five strains belonging to Pseudomonas could remove TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) efficiently when they are applied to TPH-contaminated soil. We optimized the bioremediation condition using different hydrocarbons and nutrients conditions to improve the efficiency. We setup lab-scale column bioreactor to monitor TPH and diesel removal efficiency. When we applied five Pseudomonas sp. mixtures to 25,000 mg ·kg-1 TPH-contaminated soil (diesel 10,000 mg ·kg-1, kerosene 10,000 mg·kg-1, gasoline 5,000 mg·kg-1) with the optimum condition, 76.3% of TPH removal efficiency was shown for 25 days. Meanwhile, in the application of five Pseudomonas sp. mixtures to 20,000 mg·kg-1 diesel-contaminated soil with the optimum condition, 99.2% of diesel removal efficiency was shown for 40 days. In the application to lab-scale bioreactor with five high efficiency bacteria, 88.5% of TPH removal efficiency was shown for 45 days. Based on the results from this study, we confirmed that this mixed Pseudomonas sp. consortium might improve the bioremediation of TPH in contaminated soil, the efficacy can be controlled by improving the nutrients. We also confirmed that the nutrients and oxygen for biodegradation of TPH could contribute on the management and control of applications of these strains for the study of bioremediation of TPH-contaminated soil.

초음파의 음향밀도에 따른 디젤오염토양의 TPH 분해특성에 관한 연구

최호은 ( Ho-eun Choi ),정연화 ( Yon-hwa Jung ),김한석 ( Han-suk Kim ),김대용 ( Dae-yong Kim ),정병길 ( Byung-gil Jung ) 한국환경기술학회 2007 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.8 No.4

본 연구에서는 초음파 음향밀도에 따른 디젤오염토양의 TPH의 분해특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험은 토양 1 kg에 디젤을 주입하여 TPH 농도를 약 10,000 mg THP/kg soil로 오염시켜 사용하였다. 초음파 조사 후 토양 중에 남아 있는 TPH 농도를 GC를 이용하여 분석하였다. 실험결과 초음파의 조사강도가 클수록, 오염토양의 양이 많을수록 TPH 농도 감소가 크게 나타났다. 또한 디젤오염 토양에 대하여 초음파를 60분간 조사시 TPH 농도변화는 음향밀도 50 W/L의 경우 9,556 mg TPH/kg soil에서 1,254 mg TPH/kg soil로 감소하였고, 음향밀도 70 W/L의 경우 9,856 mg TPH/kg soil에서 965 mg TPH/kg soil로 음향밀도 90 W/L의 경우 9,532 mg TPH/kg soil에서 733 mg TPH/kg soil로 각각 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 디젤오염토양에 대한 초음파 조사시 TPH 제거효율은 음향밀도 90 W/L와 토양과 물의 혼합비율을 5:5로 하였을 경우 가장 높은 92.3%를 나타내었다. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degradation characteristics of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from artificially diesel-contaminated soil by means of the ultrasound acoustic density. The experiments were carried out with diesel fuel. A total of 1 kg of soil was artificially contaminated by approximately 10,000 mg of TPHs. The amounts of remaining TPHs in the treated soil were analyzed using a gas chromatography (GC).The removal efficiency of TPHs in the soil increased when the higher ultrasound intensity and the larger amounts of contaminated soil were used. In addition, the degrees of the degradation were carried out at constant ultrasound time of 60 min with different an acoustic densities. The most significant information of these were the following: 9,556 mg TPH/kg soil was decreased up to 1,254 mg TPH/kg soil at an acoustic density of 50 W/L. 9,856 mg TPH/kg soil was decreased up to 965 mg TPH/kg soil at an acoustic density of 70 W/L. 9,532 mg TPH/kg soil was decreased up to 733 mg TPH/kg soil at an acoustic density of 90 W/L. The result of this study showed that the highest removal efficiency (92.3%) of TPH in the soil was observed when an acoustic density of 90 W/L, and at a 5:5 soil to water ratio (w/w) were applied in this research.

마이크로나노버블 유입 공기유량 변화에 따른 TPH 제거효율 및 분해속도의 변화

최영익 ( Young-ik Choi ),최호은 ( Ho-eun Choi ),정진희 ( Jin-hee Jung ),정병길 ( Byung-gil Jung ) 한국환경기술학회 2016 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.17 No.5

본 연구는 마이크로나노버블 토양세척시스템을 이용한 TPH 처리 시 마이크로나노버블의 유입 공기유량의 변화에 따른 TPH 제거효율 및 분해속도의 변화를 알아보는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 5분, 10분, 20분, 30분, 60분 및 120분에 측정하였으며 TPH 잔량의 농도를 측정하여 제거율을 구하고 분해속도를 산출하였다. 실험에 사용된 오염토양은 U시에 위치하고 있는 폐차장에서 표층 0∼15 cm에서 채취한 중금속 오염토양을 사용하였으며 채취된 토양은 24시간 동안 풍건한 후 토양에 함유된 큰 입자와 기타물질을 제거하여 시료를 균등화하기 위해 No. 10(2 mm)을 이용하여 체거름 하였다. 운전조건은 마이크로나노버블 유입 공기유량을 1, 2 및 3 L/min으로 조정하여 120분 동안 처리하였다. 실험 결과 유입 공기유량이 1 L/min 일 때 TPH의 제거효율은 13.0% 및 분해속도는 0.7438, 2 L/min 일 때 TPH의 제거효율은 15.7% 및 분해속도는 0.7602, 3 L/min 일 때 TPH의 제거효율은 14.9% 및 분해속도는 0.6653로 나타났다. 이는 유입 공기유량이 2 L/min일 때 제거 효율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. This study aimed to look at how the removal efficiency and degradation rate for total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH) change as different rates of air inflow are provided to micro-nano bubbles when a micro-nano bubble soil washing system is used to treat TPH. For these purposes, the initial and final concentrations of TPH were measured to calculate the TPH removal efficiency and degradation rate at 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 min into the experiment. Soil contaminated by heavy metals and extracted from 0-15 cm below the surface of a vehicle junkyard in the city of U was used in the experiment. The extracted soil was air-dried for 24 h, and then a No. 10 (2 mm) was used as a filter to remove large particles and other substances from the soil and to even out the samples. Regarding operational conditions, the air inflow rate into the micro-nano bubbles was adjusted to 1, 2, or 3 L/min, and treatment lasted for 120 min. The results showed that when the air inflow rate was 1 L/min, the TPH removal efficiency was 13.0% and the degradation rate was 0.7438. When the air inflow rate was 2 L/min, the TPH removal efficiency was 15.7% and the degradation rate was 0.7602. When the air inflow rate was 3 L/min, the TPH removal efficiency was 14.9% and the degradation rate was 0.6653. Therefore, the removal efficiency and degradation rate were highest when the air inflow rate was 2 L/min.

잔류유분 함유 반출처리토 재활용을 위한 호밀 식재 식물상 토성회복 가능성

박지은,배범한,주완호,배세달,배은주,Park, Jieun,Bae, Bumhan,Joo, Wanho,Bae, Seidal,Bae, Enjoo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2014 지하수토양환경 Vol.19 No.3

The amount of TPH contaminated soil treated at off-site remediation facilities is ever increasing. For the recycle of the treated-soil on farmlands, it is necessary to restore biological and physico-chemical soil characteristics and to remove residual TPH in the soil by an economic polishing treatment method such as phytoremediation. In this study, a series of experiments was performed to select suitable plant species and to devise a proper planting method for the phyto-restoration of TPH-treated soil. Rye (Secale cereale) was selected as test species through a germination test, among 5 other plants. Five 7-day-old rye seedlings were planted in a plastic pot, 20 cm in height and 15 cm in diameter. The pot was filled with TPH-treated soil (residual TPH of 1,118 mg/kg) up to 15 cm, and upper 5 cm was filled with horticulture soil to prevent TPH toxic effects and to act as root growth zone. The planted pot was cultivated in a greenhouse for 38 days along with the control that rye planted in a normal soil and the blank with no plants. After 38 days, the above-ground biomass of rye in the TPH-treated soil was 30.6% less than that in the control, however, the photosynthetic activity of the leaf remained equal on both treatments. Soil DHA (dehydrogenase activity) increased 186 times in the rye treatment compared to 10.8 times in the blank. The gross TPH removal (%) in the planted soil and the blank soil was 34.5% and 18.4%, respectively, resulting in 16.1% increase of net TPH removal. Promotion of microbial activity by root exudate, increase in soil permeability and air ventilation as well as direct uptake and degradation by planted rye may have contributed to the higher TPH removal rate. Therefore, planting rye on the TPH-treated soil with the root growth zone method showed both the potential of restoring biological soil properties and the possibility of residual TPH removal that may allow the recycle of the treated soil to farmlands.

초등 예비교사들의 공간적 사고를 고려한 천문 분야 교수·학습 자료 개발 양상

김종욱 한국초등과학교육학회 2022 한국초등과학교육학회 학술대회 Vol.81 No.-

펜톤산화 및 생물학적 연속처리를 통한 유류오염토양의 효율적 처리

배재상,김종향,최정혜,칼루 이베 엑페게어,김수곤,고성철,Bae, Jae-Sang,Kim, Jong-Hyang,Choi, Jung-Hye,Ekpeghere, Kalu I.,Kim, Soo-Gon,Koh, Sung-Cheol 한국미생물학회 2011 미생물학회지 Vol.47 No.4

유류의 유출로 인한 총석유계탄화수소(total petroleum hydrocarbons: TPH)는 종종 토양과 지하수의 오염을 초래하고 있다. TPH는 환경에 노출이 될 경우 물리화학적 과정을 거쳐 분해가 되나 그 반응은 상대적으로 느리다. 본 연구에서는 TPH로 오염된 토양의 환경친화적인 처리기법을 궁극적으로 개발하기 위해서 화학적 및 생물학적 통합기술을 도입하고자 시도하였다. 여기서 펜톤유사반응을 전처리단계로 도입하고 이후 디젤분해 혼합균을 처리하여(생물증강법) 오염유류를 처리하고자 하였다. 계면활성제 OP-10S (0.05%)과 산화제($FeSO_4$ 4%, 및 $H_2O_2$ 5%)를 사용할 경우 토양으로부터 효율적으로 TPH를 처리, 제거할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 디젤분해 혼합균을 토양슬러리에 접종할 경우 100배 이상 분해균의 밀도상승이 관찰되었는데 이는 접종된 분해균이 오염된 토양에서 성공적으로 존재할 수 있음을 의미한다($10^8-10^9$ CFU/g slurry). Fenton으로 처리된 토양에서의 TPH 제거 효율은 분해균으로 생물증강을 실시할 경우 최소한 57% 정도 상승되는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 화학적, 생물학적 연속처리를 실시할 경우 대조구(무처리; 재거효율 95%)에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 처리효율(79-83%)을 나타내었는데, 이는 화학처리 중에 발생하는 자유기(free radicals) 함유 산화물질이 분해를 억제한 것에 기인하는 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서의 얻어진 결과는 환경에 있어서 TPH로 오염된 토양과 저질을 효율적으로 정화하고 토양생태계의 신속한 회복에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. The accidental releases of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) due to oil spills frequently ended up with soil and ground water pollution. TPH may be degraded through physicochemical and biological processes in the environment but with relatively slow rates. In this study an attempt has been made to develop an integrated chemical and biological treatment technology in order to establish an efficient and environment-friendly restoration technology for the TPH contaminated soils. A Fenton-like reaction was employed as a preceding chemical treatment process and a bioaugmentation process utilizing a diesel fuel degrader consortium was subsequently applied as a biological treatment process. An efficient chemical removal of TPH from soils occurred when the surfactant OP-10S (0.05%) and oxidants ($FeSO_4$ 4%, and $H_2O_2$ 5%) were used. Bioaugmentation of the degrader consortium into the soil slurry led to an increase in their population density at least two orders of magnitude, indicating a good survival of the degradative populations in the contaminated soils ($10^8-10^9$ CFU/g slurry). TPH removal efficiencies for the Fenton-treated soils increased by at least 57% when the soils were subjected to bioaugmentation of the degradative consortium. However, relatively lower TPH treatment efficiencies (79-83%) have been observed in the soils treated with Fenton and the degraders as opposed to the control (95%) that was left with no treatment. This appeared to be due to the presence of free radicals and other oxidative products generated during the Fenton treatment which might inhibit their degradation activity. The findings in this study will contribute to development of efficient bioremediation treatment technologies for TPH-contaminated soils and sediments in the environment.

Tyrosine Hydroxylase 및 Tryptophan Hydroxylase와 정신분열병의 관련연구

도규영,방승규,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.3

본 연구에서는 세로토닌과 도파민의 속도제한효소인 tryptophan hydroxylase(TPH) 유전자의 A218C 다형성 및 tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) 유전자의 intron 1 VNTR 다형성과 정신분열병 사이의 관련연구를 시행하였다. 환자군은 가톨릭대학교 강남성모병원에 입원하였던 환자 중 정신분열병으로 진단되 374명을 대상으로 하였으며 임상아형에 따랄 양성군과 음성군으로 구분하였다. 대조군은 건강한 지원자를 대상으로 하여 393명을 포함하였다. 말초혈액 단핵구에서 DNA를 분리하였으며, 두 다형성 부위를 각각 중합효소연쇄반응에 의하여 증폭한 후, TPH A 218C 다형성은 RFLP 법으로 그리고 TH intron 1 VNTR 다형성은 은염색으로 확인하였다. TPH 유전자형의 분포는 환자군과 대조군 사이에 차이가 없었으며, 양성군과 음성군 사이에도 차이가 없었다. TH 대립유전자는 Ap : (TCAT)10, Ai : (TCAT)4CAT(TCAT)5, B : (TCAT) 9 C : (TCAT) 8, D : (TCAT) 7, E : (TCAT) 6의 6가지 유형이 확인되었다. 이 대립유전자의 분포는 환자군과 대조군 사이에서 차이가 없었으나, 양성군은 음성군에 비하여 A(Ap/Ai)의 빈도가 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. TPH 유전자형과 TH 대립유전자와의 상호 관계에서는 TPH유전자형이 218C/C인 경우에서만 환자군의 TH 유전자 A형 빈도가 높은 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 양성 정신분열병고 TH 대립유전자 A형 사이에 유의한 관련이 있으며, TPH 유전자형에 따른 TH 유전자의 발현이 일부 정신분열병의 발생에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다. Neurochemical investigation has played a major role in the search for the cause of schizophrenia. Among many hypotheses, dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia prevails despite much criticism and qualification. Recently, evidences showing the atypical antipsychotics act via serotonergic mechanism suggest serotonin system as an etiologic factor for schizophrenia. We examined the possibility of the association of enzymes critical for the synthesis of serotonin(tryptophan hydroxylase, TPH) and dopamine(tyrosine hydroxylase, TH) with schizophrenia. The regions of DNA that has been know to be polymorphic were amplified using polymerase chain reaction from the peripheral blood cells of 374 biologically unrelated schizophrenic patients and 393 healthy controls. RFLP(A218C) and NVTR polymorphism(intron 1) were examined for TPH and TH, respectively. The patterns of polymorphisms and the frequencies of each allele were not significantly different between the control and the patient groups, suggesting no possible associations of the genetic polymorphisms of TPH and TH genes and schizophrenia, However, in schizophrenics, the frequency of A type allele was significantly higher in positive group than negative group. Thess findings suggest the association of positive schizophrenia with A type allele of TH gene.

미생물활성화제를 이용한 유류오염토양 복원에 관한 연구

이채영,정찬교,김종문 유기성자원학회 2011 유기물자원화 Vol.19 No.2

In this study, the soil remediation by landfarming was carried out using microbial activators. Feasibility studies and reduction capacity of TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) were investigated in order to find out how fast and eco-friendly the contaminated soil can be recovered . The lab-test confirmed not only the performance and degradation efficiency of microbial activators but also the effect of TPH reduction in the contaminated soil. The optimum growth conditions for indigenous microorganisms were identified using microbial activators. Based on the results of TPH removal,although there had been a little of difference in between natural decomposition and microbial activators until 20 days, the sample groups of microbial activators were higher than the control ones after 20days. Microbial activators were applied to the field experiments on landfarming. Based on the results of removal rate in each floor of soil, it was found that the removal rates were 85.8 % in the upper, 84.4 %in the middle, and 66.10 % in the bottom. Considering that the reduction rate of TPH for the control group averaged 71.1%, the microbial activators might not be fully transferred into the bottom, which resulted from the piles of soil. As the piles have already reached 1 m in the field experiments, the low piles of soil under 0.6 m may enhance the treatment efficiency of TPH. 본 연구에서는 미생물활성화제를 토양경작법에 적용하였을 경우 토양을 복원함에 있어 타 공법에 비해 장시간 걸리는 단점을 최소화하고, 빠른 시일 내에 친환경적으로 복원이 가능한지에 대한 타당성 조사와 더불어 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 저감 능력을 확인하였다. Pre-test의 개념으로 미생물활성화제의 성능과 분해 효율을 lab-test를 통해 확인하였으며, 유류오염 토양의 지표인 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 효과를 확인하였다. 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 처리 효과를 확인한 결과, 20일 정도까지는 자연분해와 미생물활성화제의 차이가 미미하게 발생하였으나, 20일 경과 후에는 처리 효과가 대조군에 비해 높게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 각층에 따른 제거율을 살펴본 결과, 상층 85.8 %, 중층 84.4 %의 제거율을 나타냈으나, 하층에서는 66.10 % 제거율을 나타냈다. 대조군에서 자연적으로 줄어드는 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 저감율이 평균 71.1 %임을 근거로 봤을 때 미생물활성화제가 하층까지 충분하게 전달되지 않은 상태로 볼 수 있었으며, 이는 토양 더미의 문제로 판단된다. 현장 실험에서는 토양 더미가 1 m 로 진행되었기 때문에 더미 높이를 0.6 m 이하로 낮추게 되면 석유계총탄화수소(TPH)의 처리효율은 더 높아질 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

유류오염지역 부지 내 TPH 수직 농도 분포에 따른 미생물 생태 특성

송수민,문희선,한지연,신제현,정승호,정찬덕,조성현 한국지하수토양환경학회 2022 지하수토양환경 Vol.27 No.S

In this study, the TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) contamination and microbial ecological characteristics in petroleumcontaminatedsite were investigated through the correlation among the vertical TPH contamination distribution of the site,the geochemical characteristics, and the indigenous microbial ecology. The high TPH concentration showed in the vicinityof 3~4 m or less which is thought to be affected by vertical movement due to the impervious clay layer. In addition, theTPH concentration was found to have a positive correlation with Fe2+, TOC concentration, and the number of petroleumdegradingbacteria, and a negative correlation with the microbial community diversity. The microbial communityaccording to the vertical distribution of TPH showed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level weredominant in this study area as a whole, and they competed with each other. In particular, it was confirmed that thedifference in the microbial community was different due to the difference in the degree of vertical TPH contamination. Inaddition, the genera Acidovorax, Leptolinea, Rugoshibacter, and Smithella appeared dominant in the samples in whichTPH was detected, which is considered to be the microorganisms involved in the degradation of TPH in this study area. Itis expected that this study can be used as an important data to understand the contamination characteristics andbiogeochemical and microbial characteristics of these TPH-contaminated sites.