사회신뢰와 국가의 부 창출과정

박상준 ( Sang June Park ) 한국소비자학회 2012 소비자학연구 Vol.23 No.2

사회신뢰는 거래비용을 줄이고 집단적 문제를 해결하는데 도움을 줌으로써 협력에 긍정적 영향을 미치고, 궁극적으로는 국가의 경제적 성과를 증대시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 사회자본의 핵심요소의 하나인 사회신뢰는 사회구성 원 간의 상호작용에 있어서 이러한 긍정적 역할로 인하여 다양한 학문분야에서 관심을 받아 왔다. 열심히 일하는 것에 대한 사회적 가치인식이 높으면 사회구성원들이 열심히 일하게 되고 이것이 국가의 부를 증대시키게 된다. 그러나 열심히 일하는 것에 대한 긍정적 가치인식이 사회신뢰에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 선행연구에서 관심이 부족했다. 본 연구에서는 열심히 일하는 것에 대한 긍정적 인식이 사회신뢰에 미치는 영향을 미치는지 분석하고 있다. 이 러한 연구목적을 위해 145개국 대상으로 조사된 세계가치조사 자료를 이용하여 열심히 일하는 것과 관련된 가치인 식과 사회신뢰간의 관계를 분석하였다. 사회신뢰는 대다수의 사람들을 신뢰할 수 있다고 생각하는지에 관한 질문을 이용하였고, 열심히 일하는 것에 대한 가치인식은 2가지 문항으로 측정되었다. 첫 번째 가치인식 변수는 "모든 것이 운명에 의해 결정되는 것이 아니고 자신의 노력에 결정된다."라는 문항으로 측정되었고, 두 번째 가치인식 변수는 "운과 배경보다는 열심히 일함으로써 생활이 나아진다."라는 문항으로 측정되었다. 분석결과, 열심히 일하는 것과 관 련된 가치인식은 사회신뢰에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. Other-regarding preferences (ORPs) such as trust, reciprocity and altruism are integral elements in economic transactions between companies, between consumers and retailers, between employers and employees, and in determining economic performance. Especially, social trust has been given a great deal of attention across an array of academic disciplines for its role in promoting cooperation among individuals and groups and for its positive influence on the economic performance of corporations. The crucial role of social trust for decision-making and economic performance has been recognized for a long time. Social trust stands for the social structure of a country and enables the investigation of the relationship between social and economic development. For example, the trust game proposed by Berg et al. (1995) demonstrated that individuals are able to achieve a higher but uncertain payoff by trusting that the anonymous counterpart is willing to cooperate and reciprocate the trust placed. Most studies (including World Values Survey) describe Korea as a low-trust society than Japan or China, even though a few studies find the evidences that social trust in South Korea is no less than those in other east asian countries. The argument created serious concerns for Korean scholars. The literature showed that income inequality and corruption best explains why social trust in Korea is lower than other east asian countries. The term "social trust", which is generalized interpersonal trust, is distinguished from trust embedded in personal relations, or "particularized thick trust". The most widely used question on social trust in surveys is "In general, do you agree that most people can be trusted or that you can`t be too careful in dealing with other people?". The general social survey has asked this same question since in the US, and the World Values Surveys, and European Values Study has used the same question. Social development in the form of higher trust is supposed to be strongly related to economic development. In other words, social trust increases the wealth of nation because social trust has positive influence on economic performance of corporations. The wealth of nation can be considered as aggregation of individuals` wealths in a nation. Thus, one can interpret that social trust increases the wealth of nation if it increases each individual`s wealth. It is possible to accumulate wealth when each individual works hard and when individuals cooperate with each other (or when transaction costs is low) because social trust increases cooperation and it reduces transaction cost (and it helps solve collective action problems). Previous studies have focused on the role of social trust in increasing cooperation and in reducing transaction cost. However, few study focuses on the relationship between social trust and individuals` perception on hard work. The salient value similarity (SVS) model explains that social value influence social trust. Thus, this paper investigates if individuals` perception on hard work influences on social trust because individuals` perception related to hard work represents a social value. Used is the World Values Survey (WVS) data for 55,090 respondents (The number of male is 26,692 and that of female was 28,398.) from 155 nations (including Korea, USA, Spain, Chile, Norway, and so on.). The average age of the respondents was 41.9. The World Values Survey (WVS) is a global research project that explores people`s values and beliefs, how they change over time and what social and political impact they have. It is carried out by a worldwide network of social scientists who, since 1981, have conducted representative national surveys. The WVS is the only source of empirical data on attitudes covering a majority of the world`s population (nearly 90%). The social trust was measured by degree to which a respondent thinks that most people can be trusted. The perceptions on hard work were measured with 2 questions: The first one is that "Hard work does not generally bring success: it´s more a matter of luck and connections. - In the long run, hard work usually brings a better life.", and the second one is that "Everything is determined by fate. - People shape their fate themselves." To test the effects of the two perceptions on the social trust, this study used the GLM (Generalized Linear Model) in which the factors were gender, nation, income, marital status, and the covariates were the two perceptions and age. The results showed that the social trust is positively influenced by the perceptions (related to hard work). The respondents, who perceive that hard work usually brings a better life (or who perceive that hard work generally bring success: it is not a matter of luck and connections) and who perceive that people shape their fate themselves (or who perceive that everything is not determined by fate), showed higher social trust. This implies that the wealth of nation is affected directly and indirectly through social trust by individuals` perception on hard work. Additionally, this study found that the social trust is different by regional area, income class, and marital status. First, the countries in North Europe have higher social trust than those in the other regional areas (e.g., Asia, America, and Africa). Second, the high income classes have higher social trust than the lower income classes. Third, persons who are married have higher social trust than those who are divorced or separated.

미군정 여론조사로 본 한국의 정치,사회동향(1945~1947)

송재경 ( Jae Gyoung Song ) 서울대학교 국사학과 2014 韓國史論 Vol.60 No.-

This thesis examines South Korea`s political and social trends through analyzing of US army govemment`s opinion surveys during 1945-1947. After occupation of South Korea, USAMGIK (US army military govemment in Korea) had to face political, economic, social problem of south Korea Economic difficulties were rising due to cutting of trade with manchuria, North Korea and Japan, and feudalistic tenant system was still prevailing. South Korean wanted their nation`s unconditional independence, and was seeking reforms such as land reform. At the same time, USAMGIK had to carry out mission of accomplishing US`s interest in Korea peninsula. USAMGIK influenced South Korea`s political realignment, and pushed forward concept of Korean interim government to promote core political group of future Korean government. Because election was important medium in USAMGIK`s concept of Korean interim government, it was important to secure suport of South Korean. USAMGIK`s opinion survey was to find solution for both matters. USAMGIK inspected any social problems which might threaten the stability of occupation and checked Korean`s reaction to its political program through opinion survey. Consequently, USAMGIK`s opinion surveys contained social trends and polical trends of South Korea during occupation. Also, USAMGIK had to mind so called "Democratic Reform" which took place in north of 38 degree latitude. Under Soviet Union`s regime, North Korean established North Korean Interim People`s Committee, and executed reforms such as land reform, nationalization of industry, female equality, and improvement of labor environment. USAMGIK`s opinion survey was conducted by sub-section of public information organization. While changing its name from Office of Public Opinion to Public Opinion Bureau, this section carried out opinion polls by means of Opinion Sampling Trip and On the Street Survey. Opinion Sampling Trip was method of conduction interviews with several local residents by army officers, and it was a preliminary study before beginning opinion surveys. After employment of polltaker through out cities and towns of each provinces, opinion survey activity could be conducted by means of on the Street Survey. From that time, prepared questionnaire was used in surveying activity. It was possible to do quantitative surveys, and track down the trends of public opinion. But On the Street Survey had limits because it was not a scientific sampling of public opinion. In fact, in Seoul area, right wings` opinion could be exaggerated in survey results, due to left wings` refusal to respond USAMGIK`s opinion polls. This is one of the rfactor that should be considered when analyzing USAMGIK`s poll results. USAMGIK conducted regular opinion polls and occasional polls. Regular opinion polls was done regularly to check variation of certain opinion trends. Problems concerning livelihood of people, satisfaction of USAMGIK and USAMGIK`s policy, preference of economic system were main subject of regular opinion poll. Occasional opinion polls mostly included USAMGIK`s political plans. USAMGIK conduct both regular polls and occasional polls in Seoul, but only regular polls in provinces. To USAMGIK, Seoul was an important political center. On the other hand, USAMGIK conducted only regular polls in provinces, which is concerned with stability of occupation only. In USAMGIK`s polls, two social trends can be analyzed. First thing is food crisis and prevailing dissatisfaction of city dwellers. Soaring upward trend of rice price had bad influence on ``satisfaction of USAMGIK``, and was a cause of Korean`s distrust on USAMGIK`s administrative ability. For USAMGIK regarded Seoul as a important political center, this food crisis was a great threat to USAMGIK`s occupation. Secondary social trends were South Korean (city dwellers, especially Seoul)`s support of Government controlled economy, land reform and a better labor conditions. Korean favored nationalization of main industries or all industries, and supported govemmental control of economy by various means. Also Koreans demanded land reform by future Korean government, but they did not favored USAMGIK`s intervention. Most of Korean idd not supported labor union`s political activities, but they still wanted improvement of labor conditions. Even right wings supported these reforms, which is similar to those conducted under North Korean Interim People`s Committee. USAMGIK`s surveys also shows political trends of 1946. USAMGIK was interested in pushing interim government plan instead of trusteeship by Joint Soviet-American commission. And they constantly surveyed South Korean`s reaction to their plans. Though it`s only limited to Seoul area, Korean`s opinion trends slowly moved toward the direction of the USAMGIK`s desire. In 1946 march`s opinion poll, Koreans were against USAMGIK`s Representative Democratic Council of South Korean. Instead, they insisted US and Soviet army`s withdrawal. But after failure of 1st Joint Soviet-American commission, Korean opinion supported USAMGIK`s South Kore an Interim Legislative Assembly (SKILA). Also Korean blamed Soviet for the recession of Joint Soviet- American commission. Korean were agreeing to USAMGIK`s plan of SKILA, but not the way USAMGIK establishes SKILA. Koreans demanded popular suffrage for the SKILA election in opinion polls, but USAMGIK limited suffrage in order that right wing wins the election. USAMGIK also connived police and Korean government employee`s intervention of election. In Seoul, Koreans supported invalidation of election and reelection of representatives of their area.

한국 사회자본의 특성에 관한 연구

유시용 ( Shiyong Yoo ) 중앙대학교 국가정책연구소 2017 국가정책연구 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 사회자본에 대한 기존의 연구와는 차별화하여, 사회조사 데이터를 활용하여 좀 더 미시적인 실증분석을 실시하였다. 동 시점 다양한 설문을 포함하고 있는 세계가치관조사(WVS)의 Wave6 중 한국데이터를 활용하여, 어떤 설문내용이 사회자본의 구성요소와 관련 있는지 분석하였다. Putnam(1993)이 제시한 사회자본의 세 가지요소인 일반신뢰(general trust), 사회규범(social norms), 네트워크(network) 등을 기준으로 각각 고집단과 저집단으로 구분하였다. WVS의 각 설문에 대해서 요소별 고집단과 저집단간의 평균을 비교하였다. 일반신뢰에 대한 설문을 통해서 사회규범 고집단과 저집단 간에는 통계적으로 유의하게 차이를 보이고 있지 않다. 반면, 네트워크 고집단이 저집단보다는 일반신뢰 수준이 높은 것으로 나타나고 있다. 네트워크에 대한 설문은 전반적으로 일반신뢰와 사회규범과 비례관계에 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그리고 사회규범관련 문항들이 다른 사회자본 요소인 일반신뢰와 네트워크와 상관관계가 없다는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 사람에 대한 신뢰(trust)에 관한 문항들은 사회자본 각 요소와 비례관계에 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 단체에 대한 신뢰에 관한 대부분의 설문은 사회자본 어느 요소이든 고집단이 저집단 보다 높은 것으로 나타나고 있어, 사회자본의 각 요소와 각 단체에 대한 신뢰가 비례 관계에 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 또한 단체에 대한 신뢰는 사회자본 모든 요소들과 전반적으로 비례관계에 있지만, 일반신뢰보다 사회규범 및 네트워크와 더 강한 비례관계가 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그리고 세분화된 사회자본 구성요소가 개인의 행복감, 삶의 만족도, 주관적 건강상태, 정부기관 신뢰, 사회기관 신뢰 및 비영리단체 신뢰 등에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 향후 사회자본측정을 위한 데이터를 구축할 때 어떤 변수나 데이터를 좀 더 고려해야하는 지를 파악하는데 기초를 제공할 것으로 예상된다. This study tries a more microscopic empirical analysis using social survey data on Korea in Wave 6 of the World Values Survey (WVS), which includes various contemporaneous surveys, to analyze what questionnaires are related to the components of social capital. Putnam (1993) suggested three components of socal capital: general trust, social norms, and network. The respondents of the questionnaire were divided into high and low groups according to each of three criteria. For each questionnaire, the differences of between the sample means of two groups were tested. Regarding the questionnaire on general trust, there is no statistically significant difference between low and high groups of the social capital. On the other hand, the network high group shows higher general trust level than low group. Surveys on networks are generally found to be in proportion to general trust and social norms. And surveys on social norms are not correlated with other social capital elements such as general trust and network. Surveys on trust for a person are shown to be proportional to each component of social capital. Confidence in an organization is found to be higher in the high group than in the low group of any component of social capital. This means that each component of social capital and confidence in each organization are in proportion. Confidence in organizations is generally proportional to all components of social capital, but it appears that there is a stronger proportionality to social norms and networks than to general trust. And decomposed social capital components have a statistically significant effect on the individual’s happiness, life satisfaction, subjective health status, government trust, social institution trust and non-profit organization trust. This study is expected to provide a basis for understanding which variable or data should be considered more when constructing the data for future social capital survey.

데이터마이닝을 이용한 경상남도 사회지표 조사 분석

조광현,박희창 한국자료분석학회 2013 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.15 No.5

Currently, Gyeongnam province is executing the social index survey every year (per 3 year cycles) to the provincials. Social indicator survey can check the status of the whole society. Also, social indicator survey is an important measure of social change, and has been conducted in many municipalities (Seoul, Pusan, Ulsan, Gyeongnam etc). Social indicator survey is conducted a lot of time and expense. But, the results of social indicator survey analysis showed mainly the basic statistical analysis. This mean is the low utilization of survey data. We are necessary to apply a variety of ways in analysis of the social indicator survey. In this study, we analyze the 2010 Gyeongnam's social indicator survey data using data mining (association rule, clustering, decision tree). The results of this study can be analyzed much more efficiently social status. 현재 경상남도는 도민들을 대상으로 3년 주기로 매년 설문 문항을 다르게 하여 사회지표조사를 실시하고 있다. 사회지표조사는 주민들이 생각하는 사회 상태를 전반적으로 파악할 수 있다. 또한 사회지표조사는 사회 변화의 중요한 척도라고 할 수 있으며, 여러 지자체(서울, 부산, 울산, 경상남도 등)에서 많은 시간과 비용을 들여 사회지표조사를 실시하고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 사회지표조사 분석 결과를 살펴보면 결과가 단순 기초통계분석 위주로 되어 있다. 이는 각 지자체에서 많은 시간과 비용을 들여 조사한 자료를 제대로 활용하고 있지 못하고 있는 실정이라고 할 수 있으며, 사회지표조사에 대하여 기초통계분석 외의 다양한 분석 방법의 적용이 필요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 2010년 경상남도에서 조사한 사회지표 조사 자료에 대하여 데이터마이닝 기법(연관성 규칙, 군집분석, 의사결정나무)을 이용하여 분석을 실시하고자 한다. 사회지표조사에 대한 데이터마이닝 기법의 적용은 주민들의 사회 상태를 더욱더 총체적이고 효율적으로 분석 할 수 있을 것이다.

비면접원조사는 면접원조사만큼 신뢰할 만한가: 코로나시대의 사회조사 한계 극복을 위한 연구

조성겸 ( Sung Kyum Cho ),김성중 ( Sungjoong Kim ),강미나 ( Mina Kang ) 한국조사연구학회 2021 조사연구 Vol.22 No.3

코로나사태와 조사환경의 변화로 인해 면접원조사의 실효성은 점차 줄어들고 있다. 이러한 상황에 대처하기 위해 다양한 조사방법을 동시에 사용하는 혼합조사를 과학적 사회조사에 도입할 필요성이 제기된다. 혼합조사의 도입에서 문제가되는 것은 상이한 조사방법을 동시에 사용함으로써 나타나는 모드효과이다. 이 연구에서는 모드효과 중 측정효과의 발생 여부와 발생할 경우 얼마나 심각한 수준인지를 실험을 통해 검증해 보았다. 실험을 위해 한 리서치전문회사가 보유한 온라인 패널을 대상으로 동일한 질문으로 구성된 전화조사와 모바일조사를 2개의 집단에 순서를 달리하여 실시하였다. 전화조사와 모바일조사가 동일한 결과를 산출하는지 검증하기 위해 동등성 검증을 실시하였다. 분석의 결과, 원자료를 사용한 비교에서는 양 조사간 오차의 크기에서 차이가 나타났다. 이상치의 영향을 제거한 절삭된 평균을 사용할 경우 양 조사방법 간 오차크기와 측정치 기대값의 실질적인 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 비면접원조사가 측정오차를 증가시키거나 편향을 발생시키는 것은 사실이지만, 이는 충분히 관리 가능하므로 과학적 사회조사에서 혼합조사 도입이 가능하다는 것을 시사한다. Personal interview survey is becoming increasingly harder to carry out due to changing survey environment and COVID-19 pandemic. Adoption of multimodal survey in scientific social surveys is necessary. Mode effect may be present when different survey methods are simultaneously used to construct a single data set. The current study investigated the presence and the magnitude of one type of mode effect, measurement effect, through an experiment. The experiment conducted telephone interview surveys and mobile web surveys, which used the same questionnaires, on two groups of volunteers, alternating the order of the two survey methods. Equivalence tests were carried out to investigate if telephone interview survey and mobile survey yield equivalent outcomes. The results showed significant differences between outcomes of the two survey methods when the raw data was used. When trimmed means were used controlling effects of the outliers, there was no meaningful difference in measurement errors and expected values between two survey methods. The findings imply that while the mobile web survey method may increase measurement error or yield biased values, it is possible to control them. With a careful planning and preparation, adoption of multimodal survey method in a scientific social survey is feasible.

보건업 및 사회복지서비스업 종사자들의 사회 안전에 대한 인식도 변화 및 영향요인

차유진,김세연 한국산학기술학회 2023 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.24 No.11

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the levels of social safety perception among health and social welfare service workers both before and after the onset of COVID-19. Additionally, the study aims to identify the demographic and health-related factors that influence this perception. The analysis employed the SPSS program (version 18) to examine the frequency of general characteristics among survey participants based on raw data from the 2018 and 2020 Social Surveys. The analysis established statistical significance through cross-tabulation, t-tests, and ANOVA. The ranking of social anxiety factors was determined via frequency analysis (averaging), followed by multiple regression analysis to explore factors affecting the perception of social safety. In 2018, safety perception exceeded that of 2022 in most areas, whereas in 2022, safety perception surpassed that of 2018 in the context of new disease safety. Crime-related factors were the primary sources of anxiety in 2018, followed by environmental pollution, human disaster, and economic risks. Conversely, new disease-related factors emerged as the most prominent concerns in 2022, followed by crime, economic crises, and human disaster factors. The study identified that in 2018, the perception of social safety was influenced by factors such as health evaluations and whether participants had children. In 2022, household income and health evaluations were found to impact the perception of social safety. The study underscores that psychological concerns regarding social safety among health and social welfare service workers directly influence their job performance, with ramifications for medical and social welfare services. Consequently, bolstering the social safety net for these workers is imperative. The findings of this study hold significance in furnishing fundamental data for the establishment of a precise and professional social safety system catering to health and social welfare service workers.

Is Simple Random Sampling Better than Quota Sampling? An Analysis Based on the Sampling Methods of Three Surveys in South Korea

Cho, Sung Kyum,Jang, Deok-Hyun,LoCascio, Sarah Prusoff Center for Asian Public Opinion ResearchCollaborat 2016 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.3 No.4

This paper considers whether random sampling always produces more accurate survey results in the case of South Korea. We compare information from the 2010 census to the demographic variables of three public opinion surveys from South Korea: Gallup Korea's Omnibus Survey (Survey A) is conducted every two months by Gallup Korea; the annual Social Survey (Survey B) is conducted by Statistics Korea (KOSTAT); the Korean General Social Survey (KGSS or Survey C) is conducted annually by the Survey Research Center (SRC) at Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU). Survey A uses quota sampling after randomly selecting the neighborhood and initial addresses; Survey B uses random sampling, but allows replacements in some situations; Survey C uses simple random sampling. Data from more than one year was used for each survey. Our analysis suggests that Survey B is the most representative in most respects, and, in some respects, Survey A may be more representative than Survey C. Data from Survey C was the least stable in terms of representativeness by geographical area and age. Single-person households were underrepresented in both Surveys A and C, but the problem was more severe in Survey A. Four-person households and married persons were both over-represented in Survey A. Less educated people were under-represented in both Survey A and Survey C. There were differences in income level between Survey A and Survey C, but income data was not available for Survey B or the census, so it is difficult to ascertain which survey was more representative in this case.

무작위 쌍대비교 조사의 분석 절차 확립을 위한 연구: 사회문제와 ESG 기업활동 평가의 예

문기홍,강정한,이진철 한국조사연구학회 2022 조사연구 Vol.23 No.1

Randomized paired comparison surveys have the advantage of clearly mapping the relative importance between items in respondents’ mind and can detect who are stakeholders in a specific context of choice. However, the format of raw data from survey is complicated, and if there are many items for pairng, the number of comparison pairs explosively increases, resulting in incomprehensible interpretation of survey results. In order to solve these problem and maximize the advantages of the paired comparison survey, this study proposes four- step procedures for effective analysis, with the examples of two online surveys. We also contribute to wider applications of the paired comparison survey by sharing our Python codes for automatic analysis and visualization. The four proposed steps are in the order of ① identifying the overall ranking among items, ② exploring determinants by items, ③ producing detailed ordered map among items, and ④ analyzing a particular paired comparison and exploring determinants of a choice between the pair. The first survey for demonstration is the paired comparison of urgency from 13 social problems (N=1,002) and the second survey is that of relative importance from 15 corporate ESG (environmental, social, governance) practices (N=5,142). Our analysis shows that ① the overall ranks of environmental problems are lower than expected in both surveys, suggesting that environmental issues are perceived as important but less urgent. ; ② both surveys consistently show that women value environments whereas older people value disaster prevention and symbiotic economy. ; ③ ordered value maps, by setting each item as a node and connecting them with a directed arrow to a more important item, enable us to detect preferences among items at a glance; and ④ exploring determinants of the choice between a pair yields useful implications for policy decision- making. For example, in comparison between the household debt and youth employment, both of which we had found to be preferred by the male respondents, political orientation emerges as a factor instead of gender: politically liberal respondents take the problem of youth employment more seriously than household debt. Concerning ESG practices, younger respondents prefer to invest in companies striving for renewable energy to companies contributing to global issues even though they think that our society needs the latter more than the former. 무작위 쌍대비교 조사는 항목 간 상대적인 중요성을 명확하게 판별할 수 있다는 장점이 있으나 조사 자료의 형태가 복잡하고 비교 항목의 수가 증가할수록 분석해야 할 비교 쌍의 수가 지나치게 많아지며 결과 해석이 복잡해진다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 쌍대비교 조사 자료를 신속하고 효율적으로 해석할 수 있는 4단계 분석 절차를 제안하여, 전체적인 항목 간 우선순위 파악에서 출발하여 구체적인 선택 맥락에서 드러나는 이해관계자 특성까지 파악하고자 한다. 이러한 단계적 분석은 구체적 조사 내용에 구애받지 않고 적용 가능하며, 이를 시연하기 위해 두 가지의 온라인 무작위 쌍대비교 조사를 실시하고 분석한다. 또한 분석 및 시각화 에 사용한 파이썬 코드를 공개하여***** 온라인 쌍대비교 조사 영역의 확대에 기여하고자 한다. 제안하는 네 단계는 ①항목 간 전체적 순위 파악, ②항목별 결정요인 탐색, ③항목 간 선호도 관계지도 작성, ④두 항목 간의 쌍대비교 분석 및 선택에 미치는 결정요인 탐색 순으로 진행되며, 이를 통해 조사의 함의를 도출하는 과정을 체계화했다. 각 단계별 절차의 시연을 위해 13가지 사회문제 간의 심각성 우선순위 파악을 위한 쌍대비교 조사(N=1,002)와 15가지 ESG(환경, 사회, 거버넌스) 기업활동 간의 상대적 중요성 파악을 위한 쌍대비교 조사(N=5,142)를 활용하였다. 분석의 결과, ①사회문제 비교, ESG 기업활동 비교 모두에서 환경 항목의 순위가 기대보다 낮게 나와, 환경은 중요하나 우선순위 선택의 상황에서는 덜 시급한 문제로 인식되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 ②두 조사에서 모두 여성이 환경을 중요시하고 고연령일수록 재난 방지 및 경제적 상생을 중요시하는 이해관계자별 일관적인 경향을 관찰하였다. 다음으로 ③전체적 순위만으로는 유추하기 힘든 특정 쌍대비교 간 선호도를 볼 수 있게 해주는 관계지도를 산출하여 이를 앞선 단계와 통합적으로 고려한 결과 정책적 의사결정에 유용한 함의들을 도출할 수 있었다. 예를 들어 ④사회문제 조사에서 남성 응답자가 중요하게 여기는 것으로 파악된 가계 부채와 청년 일자리 문제가 함께 제시되었을 경우는, 성별 대신 정치적 성향이 결정요인으로 작용하여 진보적일수록 청년 일자리 문제를 선택하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 ④ESG 기업활동에 있어 글로벌 이슈 기여에 비해 재생 에너지 사용을 선호하는 경향은 투자의 관점에서는 저연령에서 나타났으나, 필요의 관점에서는 반대로 고연령에서 나타났다.

Social Participation and Intent to Participate in Internet Surveys

U-Seok Seo,Gihong Yi 한국사회학회 2013 韓國社會學 Vol.47 No.3

This research centers around the following questions. What influences intent to participate in Internet surveys? More specifically, does any of education, Internet usage, and social participation do so? The 2009 Social Survey by Statistics Korea uniquely asks about the intent. Analyses of the data show the following variables explain the intent statistically significantly: 1) demographic variables including education; 2) the frequency of reading Internet newspapers, which this research considers a proxy for Internet use; and 3) social participation experiences such as non-political donation, social group participation, and volunteering. This suggests that Internet surveys, as they continue to replace traditional off-line data, may excessively include or exclude certain characteristics of the general population. This, as a case of self-selection bias, also implies that sampling needs to be more prudently planned and executed, especially for government data.

Designing, Conducting, and Reporting Survey Studies: A Primer for Researchers

Zimba Olena,Gasparyan Armen Yuri 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.48

Survey studies have become instrumental in contributing to the evidence accumulation in rapidly developing medical disciplines such as medical education, public health, and nursing. The global medical community has seen an upsurge of surveys covering the experience and perceptions of health specialists, patients, and public representatives in the peri-pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 period. Currently, surveys can play a central role in increasing research activities in non-mainstream science countries where limited research funding and other barriers hinder science growth. Planning surveys starts with overviewing related reviews and other publications which may help to design questionnaires with comprehensive coverage of all related points. The validity and reliability of questionnaires rely on input from experts and potential responders who may suggest pertinent revisions to prepare forms with attractive designs, easily understandable questions, and correctly ordered points that appeal to target respondents. Currently available numerous online platforms such as Google Forms and Survey Monkey enable moderating online surveys and collecting responses from a large number of responders. Online surveys benefit from disseminating questionnaires via social media and other online platforms which facilitate the survey internationalization and participation of large groups of responders. Survey reporting can be arranged in line with related recommendations and reporting standards all of which have their strengths and limitations. The current article overviews available recommendations and presents pointers on designing, conducting, and reporting surveys.