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Kritika Rana,Jagjiwan Mittal,Jagriti Narang,Annu Mishra,Ramesh Namdeo Pudake 한국식물병리학회 2021 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.37 No.3
False smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is an impor- tant rice fungal disease that significantly decreases its production. In the recent past, conventional methods have been developed for its detection that is time-consuming and need high-cost equipments. The research and development in nanotechnology have made it possible to assemble efficient recognition interfaces in biosensors. In this study, we present a simple, sensitive, and selective oxidized graphene-based geno-biosensor for the detection of rice false smut. The biosensor has been developed using a probe DNA as a biological recognition element on paper electrodes, and oxidized graphene to enhance the limit of detection and sensitivity of the sensor. Probe single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and target ssDNA hybridization on the interface surface has been quantitatively measured with the electrochemical analysis tools namely, cyclic voltammetry, and linear sweep voltammetry. To confirm the selectivity of the device, probe hybridization with non-complementary ssDNA target has been studied. In our study, the developed sensor was able to detect up to 10 fM of target ssDNA. The paper electrodes were employed to pro- duce an effective and cost-effective platform for the immobilization of the DNA and can be extended to design low-cost biosensors for the detection of the other plant pathogens.
Rongtao Fu,Lei Ding,Jun Zhu,Ping Li,Ai-ping Zheng 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.2
The target pathogen Villosiclava virens (teleomorph: claviceps oryzae-sativae) was isolated from the infected rice, where it caused false smut. In our study, the forming processes of the chlamydospores, chlamydospore balls, conidiospores, and secondary conidiospores during the asexual reproduction were observed more precisely and in greater detail than previous descriptions. The microstructure of the infected rice kernel showed that the outer dense chlamydospores piled around the false smut balls grown on XBZ medium;moreover the sclerotia consisting of dense mycelium were found. The different morphology was observed across the different growing conditions. In addition, we observed the nuclear numbers of both the conidiospores and hyphae using 4 ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Because the fungus has small chromosomes and the numbers were not previously known, we analyzed the electrophoretic karyotype using a pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique. The results showed that V. virens has at least 10 chromosomes ranging in size from 0.6 kb to 6 Mb. The V. virens genome size is estimated to be 23 Mb. Here, we report the morphological characteristics of the fungus and the process of asexual spores forming asexual propagules, along with the first analyze the molecular karyotype of V. virens. These results supply a foundation for further study of the pathogenicity and biology of this devastating pathogen.
극저온용 Al-Mg합금 미그 및 플라즈마-미그 하이브리드 용접부 표면에 형성되는 smut 생성 현상 분석
이희근 ( Hee Keun Lee ),윤태진 ( Tae Jin Yoon ),강정윤 ( Chung Yun Kang ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2016 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.54 No.2
Black deposits (smut) are created on MIG welds in cryogenic Al alloys. The smut should be removed because it ruins the appearance of the end product and affects surface treatments such as painting. It was recently reported that plasma-MIG hybrid (PMH) welding controls the formation of smut duringwelding. In order to determine the reason for this, smut formation using both MIG and PMH welding was investigated through metallurgy and arc phenomena analysis. Smut on MIG welds is a Mg-Al-O amorphous layer that includes nano-sized MgO particles less than 100 nm in diameter and MgO particles 1-2 μm in diameter. Smut on MIG welds is created by large amounts of metal vapor from the arc explosion generated between the welding wire and the weld pool after a short circuit transfer. However, smut on PMH welds is not created owing to the small amount of metal vapor produced from a stable globular transfer rather than a short circuit transfer and arc explosion.(Received April 28, 2015)
핵연료 피복관의 산세 공정 시 Nb 함량에 따른 SMUT 특성
문종한,이영준,이진행,홍종원,이종현,Moon, Jong Han,Lee, Young Jun,Lee, Jin Hang,Hong, Jong Won,Lee, Jong Hyeon 한국재료학회 2019 한국재료학회지 Vol.29 No.8
Currently, the Korean nuclear industry uses ZIRLO as material for nuclear fuel cladding(zirconium alloy). KEPCO Nuclear Fuel is in the process of developing a HANA alloy to enable domestic production of cladding. Cladding manufacture involves multistage heat treatments and pickling processes, the latter of which is vital for the removal of defects and impurities on the cladding surface. SMUT that forms on the cladding surface during such pickling process is a source of surface defects during heat treatment and post-treatment processes if not removed. This study analyzes ZIRLO, HANA-4, and HANA-6 alloy claddings to extensively study the SEM/EDS, XRD, and particle size characteristics of SMUT, which are second phase particles that are formed on the cladding surface during pickling processes. Using the analysis results, this study observes SMUT formation characteristics according to Nb concentration in Zr alloys during the washing process following the pickling process. In addition, this study observes SMUT removal characteristics on cladding surfaces according to concentrations of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid in the acid solution.
First Report of Smut Caused by Urocystis eranthidis on Anemone flaccida in Korea
Avalos-Ruiz Diane,Seol Gi-Seok,Lim Seong-Keun,Kang In-Kyu,Lee Seung-Yeol,Jung Hee- Young 한국균학회 2022 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.50 No.1
Abnormal symptoms were observed on Anemone flaccida in Korea, indicating an infection caused by smut fungi. Morphological and molecular analyses of the strain KNUF-UB were consistent with previous reports of Urocystis eranthidis. Therefore, this is the first report of smut caused by U. eranthidis on A. flaccida in Korea.
지역 및 품종에 따른 벼 이삭누룩병 발생과 약제방제 효과
심홍식,류재당,한성숙 한국식물병리학회 2001 식물병연구 Vol.7 No.2
2000년에 전국적으로 이삭누룩병이 발생한 포장의 비율은 7.5%이었으며, 지역별로는 충북이 13.7%로 가장 높았고 전남이 1.5%로 가장 낮았다. 벼 품종별로는 남천벼가 가장 감수성이었고 흑진주벼는 1999년과 2000년에 전혀 발생이 되지 않아 가장 저항성인 것으로 조사되었다. 이삭누룩병 약제방제 선발 시험결과 터부코나졸 수화제의 방제가는 83.0% 이상으로 가장 우수하였고, 훼림존 성분이 함유된 두 약제도 방제가가 60.9%∼75.9%로 나타났다. 남원 지역의 포장에서 이삭누룩병 발생이 높은 원인은 일조부족 및 강우량이 많아 발병이 조장된 것으로 분석되었다. Currently the rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah. has occurred widely in Korea. A survey on the disease incidence at rice fields in 8 inland provinces was carried out in 2000, showing that the disease occurred at 104 (7.5%) out of 1,152 rice fields examined, ranging from 1.5% to 13.7% in provincial average. It was found that the disease incidence was greatly affected by local weather conditions and rice cultivars. In case of the most susceptible cultivar Namchunbyeo, the disease incidence was only about 1.3% in Icheon, while it was over 20% in Namwon which had weather conditions of the shorter sunshine period (about 64%) and the higher amount of precipitation (about 130%) during the rice cultivation than Icheon. In Icheon, artificial inoculation of the pathogen failed to induce the disease, probably because of the weather conditions unfavorable to the disease development, which also suggests that its incidence may be dependent on the weather conditions. Susceptibility of rice cultivars to the disease varied greatly; eight resistant cultivars including Heukjinjubyeo were not damaged by the disease, but 2 cultivars including Geumnambyeo and Namchunbyeo were severely damaged, having more than 20% of the disease incidence. Among chemicals tested fur the control of the rice false smut tebuconazole WP showed the highest control efficacy of 83∼88% on cvs. Geumnambyeo and Namchunbyeo. Other chemicals such as azoxystrobin WP and ferimzone WP also effectively suppressed the disease development in the field trials.
장석원,김희동,전대훈 한국약용작물학회 2000 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.8 No.1
본 연구는 율무 주산단지인 연천지역에서 율무 종자전염병인 잎마름병 및 깜부기병에 대한 종자 소독 실태와 종자소독제 처리에 의한 방제효과를 검정한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 율무의 잎마름병 종자감염율은 연천지역 농가에서 수집한 종자를 검사한 결과 32.7~45.7%였으며, 율무종자 소독기간은 율무 1호가 0~7일, 연천 재래종이 0~20일이었다. 농가별 종자소독기간 분포 비율은 무소독 20%, 1~5일 20%, 6~10일 55% 그리고 11일 이상이 15%였다. 종자소독처리제인 후루디옥소닐종자처리액상수화제의 잎마름병에 대한 종자소독효과는 97%, 깜부기병에 대한 종자 소독효과는 93.4% 로 높은 방제가를 나타냈다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of seed disinfectant on leaf blight and smut in adlay. Leaf blight and smut disease in adlay are known to be seed borne. Bjpolan's cojds, pathogen causing leaf blight in adlay, was detected from 32. 7 to 45. 7 % on seeds collected from adlay cultivated farms in Yonchon province. Periods of seed infestation are 0~7 days on the variety 'yulmu 1' and 0~20 days on 'Yonchon jaerae'. Distribution ratio of seed disinfestation periods was that no disinfestation, 1~5days, 6~10days and more 11days were 20%, 20%, 45% and 15%, respectively. Frudioxonil W. S. treatment was effective on inhibition of leaf blight and smut disease when treated with infested seeds ; that is, disease control values of the fungicide are 97 and 93.4 percentage, repectively.