대전 동구 일부 노인의 흡연, 경제적 상태와 노인 구강건강의 연관성

김혜영 ( Hae Young Kim ),황수정 ( Soo Jeong Hwang ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2011 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.35 No.1

Objectives. Smoking is a major risk factor of periodontal disease. The socio-economic status of an individual is known to correlate with oral health status and smoking rate. Therefore, it is important to control socio-economic status as a confounding factor to investigate the effect of smoking on oral health. However, there have been few studies to consider the relationship of two factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking and economic status on oral health and quality of life in elderly people using stratified analysis for economic status. Methods. The subjects consisted of 581 elderly persons participating in the National Scaling and Topical Fluoride Application Program for the elderly, and a convenient sampling method was utilized after written consent. An oral examination was performed using the teeth status and periodontal status using community periodontal index (CPI). The survey with the questionnaires including OHIP-14 was carried out by 2 interviewers. The data were analyzed using chi-squre test and ANCOVA adjusted by age and subjective oral health management in SPSS 18.0. Results. Using stratified analysis to determine the economic status, smoking was associated with the total number of residual teeth regardless of economic status (p<0.001), and the upper incisor area was influenced significantly (p<0.05) under only high economic status. The difference of CPI among smoking, stop-smoking and non-smoking groups was detected in only lower economic status (p<0.05). OHIP-14 was associated with smoking in only the middle economic status (p<0.01). Conclusions. It was suggested that smoking had a significant impact on total number of residual teeth regardless economic status, but OHIP-14 seemed to be influenced by economic status.

자가보고 흡연상태의 정확도 및 관련 특성 분석

김미년,김지만,이창우,김나영,신의철 한국보건의료기술평가학회 2019 보건의료기술평가 Vol.7 No.1

Objectives: Identifying smoking levels is very important for public health assessment along with accurate assessment of smoking rates is important for establishing and evaluating smoking cessation policies. Identifying the validity of the questionnaire is important in determining whether the self-reported questionnaire provides accurate smoking status. Methods: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. To analyze the characteristics of inconsistency by analyzing the correspond of self-reported questionnaire data on smoking status and urine cotinine concentration, multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results: The results of the self-reported smoking accuracy were 22.0% and urine cotinine smoking rate was 24.1%. Sensitivity and specificity were each 95.4% and 95.9%. Self-reported questionnaires on smoking status and characteristics affecting urine cotinine concentration inconsistency were statistically significant at the present marital status with divorce/bereavement. Conclusion: The accuracy of the self-reported smoking rate was high and the false response rate was low in the smoking questionnaire, confirming that it is similar to the western population with no gender difference. To improve the cause of inconsistency due to divorce (including bereavement), it is necessary to study the improvement of accuracy of national smoking rate by supplementing questionnaire and monitoring continuously.

Causal relationship between smoking status, smoking frequency and bladder cancer: a Mendelian randomization study

Pang Lei,Ding Zijun,Chai Hongqiang,Li Fei,Wu Ming,Shuang Weibing 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.2

Background Smoking is a well-established risk factor for bladder cancer. However, it remained unclear that whether smoke status and smoke frequency increase bladder cancer. Objective We aim to explore the causal relationship between smoking status, smoking frequency and the risk of bladder cancer by Mendelian randomization. Methods Large sample size of the genome-wide association(GWAS) database of smoking status, smoking frequency and bladder cancer were obtained. Smoking status included never, previous and current whereas smoking frequency included cigarettes smoked per day, number of cigarettes currently smoked daily and pack years of smoking. Six sets of instrumental variables and 78 related single nucleotide polymorphic(SNP) loci were identified (P < 5 × 10–8. Linkage disequilibrium R2 < 0.001). The causal relationship between smoking status and bladder tumor was studied by inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median and MR-Egger regression. Sensitivity analysis were also performed. Results There is no causal effect from smoke status on bladder cancer risk while significantly positive relationship between smoking frequency on bladder cancer risk were found. IVW results showed that cigarettes smoked per day, number of cigarettes currently smoked daily and pack years of smoking increase bladder cancer (OR 1.001, 95% CI 1.000–1.002, P = 0.047; OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.000–1.005, P = 0.028; OR 1.004, 95% CI 1.001–1.006, P = 0.003). Sensitivity analysis showed that genetic pleiotropy did not bias the results. Conclusion The results of two sample Mendelian randomization analysis show that there is a positive causal relationship between smoking frequency and the risk of bladder cancer.

일 지역 대학생의 흡연 실태와 흡연에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

김경아(Kyeong-Ah Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.8

본 연구는 일 지역 대학생들의 흡연 실태와 흡연에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하고자 수행되었다. 자료는 H군의 일개 대학에서 2015년 10월 26일부터 10월 30일까지 181명으로부터 설문지와 측정을 통하여 수집하였다. 수집한 자료는 SPSS/WIN 18.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 X2-test, t-test, Spearman rho Correlation과 Logistic Regression으로 분석하였다. 흡 연유무와 체중, 신장, 흡연을 하지 않을 자신감, 우울은 양(+)의 상관관계를 보였고, 흡연유무와 흡연태도는 음(-)의 상관관계 를 보였다. 체중, 신장, 흡연태도, 흡연하지 않을 자신감, 우울, 음주유무 중에서 대상자의 흡연유무에 영향을 미치는 요인을 검정하기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석 한 결과 회귀모형은 유의한 것으로 나타났으며(X2=72.854, p<.001), 모형의 설명력은 36.4%, Negelkerke의 결정계수(R2)도 62.0%의 설명력을 보여 주고 있다. 흡연에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 흡연에 대한 태도가 부정적인 경우(OR 0.717 , 95% CI 0.543-0.945), 흡연을 하지 않을 자신감이 높은 경우(OR 1.281, 95% CI 1.117-1.470)로 확인되었다. 따라서 일 지역 대학생들에게 적합한 금연 프로그램을 개발하기 위해서는 흡연에 대한 부정적인 태도를 증가시 키고 금연을 할 수 있다는 자신감을 향상시킬 필요가 있다고 생각된다. This study was performed to survey factors related to smoking and smoking conditions among college students in H-gun. Data were collected and analyzed through a questionnaire from 181 college students in H-gun between the 26th and 30th of October, 2015. Using SPSS/WIN statistics 18.0, the data was analyzed by X2-test, t-test, Spearman rho Correlation and Multiple Logistic Regression. There was a significant positive correlation among body weight, height, smoking cessation confidence, depression and smoking status. There was a significant negative correlation between smoking attitude and smoking status. The factors affecting smoking status explained 62.0% of the smoking status. The factors related to smoking were negative smoking attitude (OR 0.717, 95% CI 0.543-0.945) and high level of smoking cessation confidence (OR 1.281, 95% CI 1.117-1.470). It is necessary to improve smoking cessation confidence and increase negative smoking attitude in a smoking cessation program for college students.

Self-rated Subjective Health Status Is Strongly Associated with Sociodemographic Factors, Lifestyle, Nutrient Intakes, and Biochemical Indices, but Not Smoking Status: KNHANES 2007- 2012

박선민,안재억,이병국 대한의학회 2015 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.30 No.9

Despite advertised health warnings regarding the deadly hazards of smoking, many people have not heeded recommendations to quit smoking. We examined factors that affect selfrated subjective health status (SRH) scores among lifestyle, nutrient intake and biochemical parameters, and the association of SRH scores and smoking status in a large Korean adult population. Adjusted odd ratios for SRH were calculated for smoking status, selected biochemical data, and food and nutrient intake obtained using the 24-hr recall method after covariate adjustment in the 2007-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (27,534 men and women aged ≥ 20 yr). Age, sex, income, education, drinking, exercise and stress levels were associated with SRH scores, regardless of smoking status (P < 0.001). Interestingly, people in any smoking status groups considered the well-known indicators for metabolic diseases (HDL cholesterol, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in the circulation), and the intake of fiber, total vitamins A, and vitamin C as indicators of SRH. Especially in current smokers, higher intake of nutritious food groups such as grains (OR = 1.227), vegetables (OR = 1.944), and milk (OR = 2.26) significantly increased the adjusted odds ratio of SRH. However, smoking status was not associated with SRH scores. In conclusion, SRH is affected by the indices related to health but not smoking status in Korean adults. The development of a new indicator of the direct adverse effects of smoking at regular health check-ups might be required to modulate the SRH in smokers and a nutritional education should not include the possible attenuation of adverse effects of smoking by good nutrition.

Effects of Cigarette Smoking across Three Generations and of Perceptions of the Smoking-Cancer Relationship on the Cigarette Smoking Status of Turkish University Students

Ozturk, Candan,Bektas, Murat,Mert, Ozlem Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

Background: This descriptive and cross-sectional study aimed to investigate effects of cigarette smoking across three generations and perceptions of the smoking-cancer relationship on the cigarette smoking status of Turkish university students. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised of 434 university students studying in different departments of a university. Data were collected using a socio-demographic data collection form and the Decisional Balance Scaleqand evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test, CHAID and multiple regression analyses. Results: The average age of the students participating in the study is 19.6+.5.0, some 11.3% of the students reporting that they smoked cigarettes. No statistically significant relationship was ascertained between the cigarette smoking statuses of the students based on the cigarette smoking status of their grandparents (p=0.144). but there was alink to that of their parents (p=0.002). The difference between the cigarette smoking ratios of the students based on their perceptions of smoking-cancer relationship was statistically significant (p<0.001). Believing that there is a relationship between smoking and cancer decreased likelihood of cigarette smoking 3.7 fold. Cigarette smoking by grandparents, and believing that there is a relationship between smoking and cancer, and cigarette smoking by parents explained 8.3% of the cigarette smoking status of the students. Conclusions: While cigarette smoking by grandparents only indirectly influences cigarette smoking by the students, believing that there is a relationship between smoking and cancer, and cigarette smoking by parents are influential variables in determining cigarette smoking by Turkish students.

노인의 흡연, 음주에 따른 생활습관과 건강상태의 관련성 연구

박장진 한국스포츠학회 2017 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 건강상태와 건강생활습관에 대한 영향 관계를 연구하고, 생활습관과 건강상태에 대한 흡연여부와 음 주여부 그리고 성별에 대한 차이와 그 변화에 대해 연구하였다. 통계기법은 교차분석과 χ2분석을 통해 노인의 흡연과 음주실태를 확인하였고, 변수의 영향력을 확인하고자 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 성별, 흡연여부, 음주여부에 따른 변수와의 관련성을 검증하기 위해 공분산분석(ANCOVA)을 하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 흡연율과 음주율은 연구대상자의 41%로 나타났고, 성별에 따라 흡연율과 음주율의 차이가 나타났으며 남자노인이 여자노인보다 높게 나 타났다. 둘째, 신체적 건강에 건강생활습관의 하위요인인 건강인지습관, 운동생활습관의 순으로 정(+)의 영향을 미치 는 것으로 나타났고, 사회적 건강에 대해서는 일상생활습관과 식생활습관의 순으로 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나 타났다. 마지막으로 성별, 흡연여부, 음주여부의 차이에 대한 건강상태와 건강생활습관의 변화에 대해서는 신체적 건강 에서는 성별, 흡연여부, 음주여부의 차이에 대해 건강생활습관이 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 건강 에서는 성별, 흡연여부, 음주여부의 차이에 대해 건강생활습관은 성별, 음주여부는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났고, 흡연여부의 차이가 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health status and health habits, and to investigate the relationship between smoking habits, drinking habits, gender, and changes in lifestyle and health status. The statistical method used the crossover analysis and χ 2 analysis to confirm the smoking and drinking status of the elderly and to perform a hierarchical regression analysis to check the influence of the variables. Covariance analysis(ANCOVA) was conducted to verify the relationship between the variables according to gender, smoking status, and drinking status. The results are as follows. First, the smoking rate and the drinking rate were 41% of the subjects. There was a difference between the smoking rate and the drinking rate according to sex, and the male elderly was higher than the female elderly. Second, it was shown that physical health was positively (+) in the order of health cognitive habit and exercise habits which are subordinate factors of health lifestyle habits. In terms of social health,), Respectively. Finally, health status and health habits of gender, smoking status, and drinking status were significantly influenced by gender, smoking status, and drinking habits in physical health. In terms of gender, smoking, and drinking status, health habits did not have a significant effect on gender, alcohol drinking, and smoking status in social health.

남자 고등학생 흡연자의 비타민 C 보충 및 금연교육 효과 평가

김정희,임재연,강현주,김경원 대한지역사회영양학회 2000 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.5 No.3

Smoking can increase oxidative stress and thereby change the antioxidant defense system in the body. Supplementation of antioxidant vitamins might improve antioxidant status in the body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin C supplementation and smoking cessation education on changes of antioxidant status and psychosocial factors related to smoking. To obtain above purposes, we investigated the effectiveness of intervention for male adolescent smokers were evalnate by assessing changes in dietary intakes, plasma antioxidant vitamin concentration, and psychosocial factors related to smoking after program completion. Subjects, male adolescent smokers, were assigned into four groups : Control group(19 students), Educ. group(19 students), Vit. C supple. group(19 students), and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group(19 students). The Educ. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group received nutrition and smoking cessation education once a week for 5 weeks. Vit. C suppl. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group received 500 mg per day of ascorbic acid for 35 days. All data were collected before and after intervention. Vit. B$_2$and Vit. C intakes of all groups were increased, but the only Ca intake was increased in the Educ. group. Plasma Vit. C concentration and Ratio(plasma Vit. C/Vit. C intakes) were increased in the Vit. C suppl. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group, and the Vit. C deficiency status of these groups(Vit. C suppl. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group) disappeared. Showing the effects of Vit. C supplementation, plasma $\alpha$-tocopherol was increased in the Educ. and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group, and especially high increases were seen in the Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group. Psychosocial factors related to smoking changed after the education a little. This intervention program had an impact on nutrition intakes, plasma antioxidant vitamins, and some beliefs related to smoking in male adolescent students. Various programs of nutrition and smoking cessation education and vitamin supplementation for quitting smoking must be implemented for adolescent smokers, and further studies are needed regarding sorts and amount of antioxidant nutrients and supplementation periods.

Relationship of Smoking with Self-perceived Health and Selected Health Behaviors

Choi Eun-Jin Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion 2004 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The purpose of this study was to analyze variables associated with smoking and selected health behaviors. This study targeted adult men and women over 20 of age. The sample population was drawn from the national sample, and the samples were chosen from the telephone book. A total of 1,500 cases were collected through a telephone based interview survey. As a tool for this study, a structured questionnaire was developed. the variables included self-perceived health status, and selected 7 health behaviors; smoking behavior, physical activities, eating habit, weight control, alcohol consumption, stress management, and cancer exam. The healthy life practice actions of Trans-theoretical model have been classified into five stages. Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to positive attitudes toward smoking and the impact of smoking in this study. This means that smokers's awareness toward the impact of smoking is very week. Smoking behavior was significantly related to other health related behaviors based on the correlation analysis. However, gender, engaging in regular physical activities, moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, and receiving a cancer examination were the variables that can explain and predict a person's stages of adopting a non-smoking behavior. Self perceived health status was closely related to other health behaviors. Gender, age, and monthly household income were important demographic variables that have significant relationship with the self-perceived health status. Among the health behaviors, regular physical activities and weight control were significant predictable variables. Similar results have been found in the National health and Nutrition examination survey in Korea. As a result of this study, it was found that among the selected health behaviors, engaging in physical activity was an important variable to increase positive sense of health and non-smoking behaviors. Educational and policy level input is needed to increase awareness and provide chances to participate in fitness activities. To those who maintain exercise, the environmental support and diffusion of knowledge information and education data should be strengthened. To change attitudes toward smoking, more in-dept awareness campaign and education should be provided according to people's different behavioral status. In addition, not only diffusing health education data and delivering knowledge information through related programs, but also environmental support system that helps an individual maintain his/her action is required. Such a support system means settlement of the health enhancement base of school, workplace and community should be carried out, and the policy level support and regular programs should be provided and spread to the unit of community.

Relationship of Smoking with Self-perceived Health and Selected Health Behaviors

Eun-Jin Choi 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2004 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The purpose of this study was to analyze variables associated with smoking and selected health behaviors. This study targeted adult men and women over 20 or age. The sample population was drawn from the national sample, and the samples were chosen from the telephone book. A total of 1,500 cases were collected through a telephone based interview survey. As a tool for this study, a structured questionnaire was developed. the variables included self-perceived health status, and selected 7 health behaviors; smoking behavior, physical activities, eating habit, weight control, alcohol consumption, stress management, and cancer exam. The healthy life practice actions of Trans-theoretical model have been classified into five stages. Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to positive attitudes toward smoking and the impact of smoking in this study. This means that smokers's awareness toward the impact of smoking is very week. Smoking behavior was significantly related to other health related behaviors based on the correlation analysis. However, gender, engaging in regular physical activities, moderate consumption or alcoholic beverages, and receiving a cancer examination were the variables that can explain and predict a person's stages of adopting a non-smoking behavior. Self perceived health status was closely related to other health behaviors. Gender, age, and monthly household income were important demographic variables that have significant relationship with the self-perceived health status. Among the health behaviors. regular physical activities and weight control were significant predictable variables. Similar results have been found in the National health and Nutrition examination survey in Korea. As a result of this study, it was found that among the selected health behaviors, engaging in physical activity was an important variable to increase positive sense or health and non-smoking behaviors. Educational and policy level input is needed to increase awareness and provide chances to participate in fitness activities. To those who maintain exercise, the environmental support and diffusion or knowledge information and education data should be strengthened. To change attitudes toward smoking, more in-dept awareness campaign and education should be provided according to people's different behavioral status. In addition, not only diffusing health education data and delivering knowledge information through related programs, but also environmental support system that helps an individual maintain his/her action is required. Such a support system means settlement of the health enhancement base of school, workplace and community should be carried out, and the policy level support and regular programs should be provided and spread to the unit of community.