Real-Time Batch Size Determination in The Production Line

나기현(Kihyun Na),김민제(Minje Kim),이종환(Jonghwan Lee) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2019 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.42 No.1

This paper develops an algorithm to determine the batch size of the batch process in real time for improving production and efficient control of production system with multiple processes and batch processes. It is so important to find the batch size of the batch process, because the variability arising from the batch process in the production system affects the capacity of the production. Specifically, batch size could change system efficiency such as throughput, WIP (Work In Process) in production system, batch formation time and so on. In order to improve the system variability and productivity, real time batch size determined by considering the preparation time and batch formation time according to the number of operation of the batch process. The purpose of the study is to control the WIP by applying CONWIP production system method in the production line and implements an algorithm for a real time batch size decision in a batch process that requires long work preparation time and affects system efficiency. In order to verify the efficiency of the developed algorithm that determine the batch size in a real time, an existed production system with fixed the batch size will be implemented first and determines that batch size in real time considering WIP in queue and average lead time in the current system. To comparing the efficiency of a system with a fixed batch size and a system that determines a batch size in real time, the results are analyzed using three evaluation indexes of lead time, throughput, and average WIP of the queue.

여중생 성장을 고려한 최적 교복치수 선정 : 자켓과 스커트를 중심으로 Focusing on Jacket and Skirt

김인숙,김덕하 한국의류학회 2001 한국의류학회지 Vol.25 No.2

This study is to suggest data for setting school uniform size with the size satisfaction degree through finding out the physical body change and uniform size problems following an increase in age during middle school girl days. For this purpose, by analyzing the physical body size data of 13∼15 age of girls amongrhuman body size data of the youth for product design publicized under sponsorship of National Technology Quality Institute in 1999 the physical body size change by part following an increase in age during middle school girl days was found out and the most frequent physical body size by grade was suggested. Questionnaire about uniform production status and product size at the object of uniform makers were measured directly, a school uniform wearing status and size satisfaction degree by part were at the object of middle school girls were examined by means of questionnaire and unsatisfactory factors in uniform size were found out. Based on collected data the most optimum product size in each part by item were suggested. The method of suggesting the most optimum size suitability by item was decided based on the result of survey into corresponding title and product size by maker and that of survey into the size satisfaction degree of middle school girls by maker, and the product size of maker showing the highest size satisfaction degree was selected as the most optimum product size.

제품 디자인 과정에서 시각 인지적 체적 최소화를 위한 조형 기법 제안

김용균(Ghim, Yong Gyun) 한국디자인문화학회 2017 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.23 No.1

타 기능 조직 간의 협업에 바탕을 둔 제품 디자인 과정에서 디자이너와 엔지니어 사이에는 내부 구조에 따른 제품의 크기 문제로 상호 간에 충돌이 빈번하게 발생한다. 상호 조율로 크기 문제가 더 이상 해결이 안될 때 디자이너는 구조 조건에 맞추어 크기를 키우면서 최대한 작아보이게 하고자 노력하지만 이와 관련된 체계적, 객관적인 디자인 가이드가 없기 때문에 디자이너의 역량과 주관적 판단에 의존하게 된다. 본 연구는 크기 문제를 해결하기 위한 하나의 방법으로서 시지각 관점에서의 체적 최소화 방안을 모색하고 그 요소들을 도출, 제품 디자인 과정에 적용할 수 있는 조형 기법을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 시지각 이론에 바탕을 둔 입체 사물의 형태와 체적 인지 과정을 탐색해 보고 체적 인지 실험을 위한 조형 요소(곡률, 각도, 모서리 처리)를 추출하였다. 각 조형 요소별 변화에 따라 형태가 다른 10개의 모형을 무선청소기 배터리 케이스의 실제 내부 구조를 바탕으로 제작, 다섯 차례의 실험을 통하여 피실험자에게 가장 작게 느껴지는 형태를 선택하도록 하였다. 그 결과 모서리 라운드 처리와 표면 곡면 적용시에 체적이 작게 인지되고 라운드 처리가 곡면 적용 혹은 측면 각도 변화와 결합하여 인지 체적을 최소화할 수 있음을 발견하였고, 형태를 인지하는 시각 각도가 인지 체적과 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 제품 디자인 시에 시각으로 인지되는 제품의 최외곽 모서리 경계선을 안쪽으로 모아주는 방법은 제품을 작아 보이게 하기 위한 조형 기법으로 사용될 수 있다. 향후 표면 특성에 의한 명암 차이가 인지 체적에 미치는 영향과 보다 복잡한 형태의 인지 체적 최소화 기법에 대한 연구를 지속하고자 한다. Throughout the course of a product design process that is based on co-work across different functions, conflicts between industrial designers and engineers occur often due to a product’s size issues coupled with engineering structure. When mutual efforts do not yield to a solution other than designers’ reluctant consent to adjust the size to meet engineering requirements, designers tend to rely on their own capabilities and subjective decision as there is no systematic guide to deal with the size issue. This research aimed to search methods for visually perceived size minimization and find relevant design elements as means of solving the size issue occurring during a product design process. First, theory on visual perception was examined to clarify perception processes of three-dimensional objects’ form and size. Second, design elements of curvature, tilt and edge treatment were extracted as a guidance for tests on the perceived size. Third, those design elements were applied to form 10 different shaped prototypes that were based on the actual inner structure of the battery case used on the cordless vacuum cleaner. Five rounds of tests were done asking participants to select the smallest looking object each time. The result showed that prototypes with rounded edge and curved surface were perceived smaller than others. Combination of rounded edge either with curved surface or tilted side surface showed minimal perceived size. The result also presented a positive relationship between the perceived size and the visual angle derived from perceived outmost contours. Bringing outmost boundaries closer to each other can be used as a design technique to make a product look smaller. Future research includes influence of surface characteristics on perceived size through the play of light and shade and methods for perceived size minimization of more complicated form.

증권산업에서의 규모와 생산성

장진숙 ( Jin Sook Jang ),지홍민 ( Hong Min Zi ) 한국생산성학회 2011 生産性論集 Vol.25 No.2

This study investigates the relationship between firm size and productivity in the Korean securities industry for the period 2000-2006. We estimate, using a mathematical programming technique, the Malmquist productivity index and decompose the index into two different components, efficiency change and frontier change. The results shows that on average large size firms have exhibited relatively lower level of productivity index than small size firms during the sample period and the increase in asset has not enhanced productivity. Other important findings are as follows; First, the Malmquist productivity indices have been greater than one for the entire period. The industry has increased its productivity about 6.4% per year. Second, productivity change has contributed to productivity more than efficiency change. Third, the productivity has been positively affected by return on assets, cyber trading, dealer and underwriting business. Overall the securities industry has over-invested during the period. The findings suggest that individual security firms may be able to improve productivity by choosing differential strategies depending upon scale and output combinations.

Vineyards in Northern U.S. States: Farm Size and Productivity Relationship

Jong-Woo Choi,Won Fy Lee,William C. Gartner 한국유통과학회 2016 유통과학연구 Vol.14 No.7

Purpose – The production efficiency of agricultural crops has been the subject of numerous studies in the field of agricultural economics. This study examines the production efficiency of emerging vineyards in the 14 northern U.S. states and aims to understand raw input and managerial factors affecting the grape production with focusing on the effect of farm size. Research design, data, and methodology – Using a unique survey dataset that was collected from 176 vineyards in 2012, we employed data envelopment analysis (DEA) for estimation of production efficiency in individual vineyards. Production efficiency is regressed on various input and managerial covariates to understand factors influencing the productivity. Results – Although there exists positive correlation between the farm size and productivity of vineyards in Northern U.S. states, we find negative relationship when the farm size is instrumented by the additional farm size expansion indicator. The negative effect is more pronounced for the recently established vineyards. Conclusions – This study suggests that there needs to be adequate managerial improvements for emerging vineyards in northern states for the achievement of increased productivity.

여성복 스몰사이즈 재킷 제품 생산실태 - 2021년 S/S 영컨템포러리 브랜드를 중심으로 -

이유진 ( Yujin Lee ),장정아 ( Jeongah Jang ) 복식문화학회 2021 服飾文化硏究 Vol.29 No.6

This study analyzed product conditions in terms of “size system,” “clothing construction depending on fit,” “details,” “colors,” and “prices,” with an emphasis on young contemporary brands for spring/summer 2021, in order to provide basic data for the development of small-sized women’s jackets. Out of 96 domestic and foreign brands, the study analyzed 254 small-sized jacket products from 23 brands that produce size-XS jackets. First, when examining the sizes for women’s jackets, we found that 8 out of the 23 brands offer a size-XXS option. After conducting tree analysis to analyze the factors affecting the production of size-XXS, the study found significant results in the areas of “distinction between domestic and foreign brands” and “product price.” Second, after categorizing small-sized women’s jackets into 3 categories―fit-slim, basic, and straight―the study analyzed clothing construction elements depending on fit. This seasons mainly feature straight-fit’s hip-line length jacket, a 4-panel pattern, and a panel without a waist dart. Third, the study, through the analysis of the colors of small-sized women’s jackets, found a higher frequency of colors in the order of black (23.0%), white (13.3%), and beige tones (10.1%), with additional colors such as sky blue, rose pink, and aquamarine in production, which exhibit the senses of the seasons. Price analysis revealed that small-sized jackets constituted a price range at the mid-to-low end, as in ₩50,000-100,000 (30.3%), ₩100,000-150,000 (19.3%), and ₩150,000-200,000 (11.8%).

Impact of Balance between Productivities on Repetitive Construction Projects

Shim, Euysup,Yoo, Wi Sung The Korean Institute of Building Construction 2013 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Fast delivery of construction projects provides more value to project owners. Batch production, which is production not in single pieces, but in batches, is a common approach in repetitive construction projects such as multi-unit residential building construction projects. In batch production, the use of a small batch size allows the early start of subsequent activities, and thus can lead to early completion of projects. In addition to batch size, balance between productivities in construction activities can affect project duration. However, the impact of the balance between productivities with regard to their order on project duration has not been studied. The main goal of this study is to test a hypothesis, which is that the order of construction activities' unbalanced productivities affects the amount of time reduction that can be achieved by using a small batch size. A computer-based simulation model was developed, and five different cases were simulated to test the hypothesis. The conclusion of the simulation result is that the order of productivities does not affect the time reduction achieved by using a small batch size. It is expected that the findings of this study can help general contractors make decisions in terms of batch size.

플러스 사이즈 여성을 위한 온라인쇼핑몰의 의류치수 사용실태 및 청바지 사이즈스펙에 대한 비교 연구

정화연,류경옥 한국의상디자인학회 2023 한국의상디자인학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This study collected and analyzed reference information on the size labeling method and size of clothing products in 13 online shopping malls for plus size women in their 20s and 30s, and compared the size specification information focusing on jeans. First, in the results of examining the method of clothing size designation, clothing sizes indicated by 1, 2, 3 or physique designation (M, L, XL) differed between shopping malls, and even in the same shopping mall, even if the same size notation was used. Most the clothing sizes were different depending on the type of clothing. For bottoms, it was found that one company used seven size designation methods at the same time, two shopping malls used four size designation methods, and five shopping malls used three size designation methods. In the meantime, in the results of comparing the size specifications of jeans XL (size 88, 32 inches) by product part, for waist and hip circumferences, each of the eight companies showed that the size was smaller than the body size suggested by KS adult women's wear.

Impact of Balance between Productivities on Repetitive Construction Projects

심의섭,유위성 한국건축시공학회 2013 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Fast delivery of construction projects provides more value to project owners. Batch production, which is production not in single pieces, but in batches, is a common approach in repetitive construction projects such as multi-unit residential building construction projects. In batch production, the use of a small batch size allows the early start of subsequent activities, and thus can lead to early completion of projects. In addition to batch size, balance between productivities in construction activities can affect project duration. However, the impact of the balance between productivities with regard to their order on project duration has not been studied. The main goal of this study is to test a hypothesis, which is that the order of construction activities’ unbalanced productivities affects the amount of time reduction that can be achieved by using a small batch size. A computer-based simulation model was developed,and five different cases were simulated to test the hypothesis. The conclusion of the simulation result is that the order of productivities does not affect the time reduction achieved by using a small batch size. It is expected that the findings of this study can help general contractors make decisions in terms of batch size.

작은 패키지 사이즈가 자기통제 의도에 미치는 효과: 분리 효과와 조절초점을 중심으로

김재휘,하효림 한국소비자·광고심리학회 2015 한국심리학회지 소비자·광고 Vol.16 No.2

This research focuses on the condition that people use small packaged products to do self-control easily, only to fail self-control. Taking in small packaged products by ones is definitely so successive eating situation that calories are accumulated. Although people should add up all the cases, they perceive the cases independently. This is called isolation effect. On this basis, we tried to prove isolation effect through small packaged products. In Study 1, it is assumed that isolation effect has influence on self-control intention when tempting products came into small package formats. Yet, when tempting products came in large package formats, isolation effect does not affect self-control intention. Study 1 shows us self-control intention decrease in small packaged products than in large packaged products. Also, we found out isolation effects mediated this result. Further to the result above, we tried to examine the interaction between isolation effect and regulatory focus has effect on self-control intention. The study designed 2(isolation effect: unrestrained isolation effect/restrained isolation effect) x 2(regulatory focus: promotion focus/prevention focus) and measured self-control intention of each group in study 2. Finally these hypothesis was verified by the study. What we found through the study was the interaction between isolation effect and regulatory focus has effect on self-control intention in eating small packaged formats. Moreover, Our findings extend package size research by examining isolation effect. Also, it is important to know that situation regulatory focus decrease this bias. 본 연구는 다이어트와 같은 장기적인 목표를 추구하는 과정에서 이용하는 작은 패키지 사이즈로 인해 오히려 자기 통제에 실패하는 상황에 주목하였다. 본 연구는 앞서 섭취한 사건이 전체적인 칼로리에 영향을 주는 것을 지각하지 못하고, 바로 눈앞에 존재하는 작은 패키지 사이즈의 작은 손실만을 고려하게 되는 분리 효과(isolation effect)가 발생할 것이라 보았다. 연구 1에서는 패키지 사이즈에 따라 분리 효과의 여부가 달라지며, 이에 따라 소비자의 자기통제 의도가 달라질 것이라 가정하였다. 패키지 사이즈(큰 패키지 사이즈/작은 패키지 사이즈)를 처치하고, 각 처치 이후 자기통제 의도와 분리 효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 제품이 큰 패키지로 제공된 조건에 비하여 작은 패키지로 제공된 조건에서 자기통제 의도가 더 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 큰 패키지 사이즈 제품 조건보다 작은 패키지 사이즈 제품 조건에서 자기 통제의도가 낮아지는 결과를 분리 효과가 매개하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 연구 2에서는 분리 효과의 처치 여부와 사건을 바라보는 방식이 달라지는 조절초점이 자기통제 의도에 미치는 효과를 검증하였다. 실험은 2(분리 효과: 분리 효과 비억제/억제) x 2(조절초점: 향상초점/예방초점)로 설계되었으며 연구 1과 마찬가지로 자기통제 의도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 분리 효과가 억제되지 못했을 경우, 향상 초점이 점화되었을 때 자기 통제 의도가 증가하지만 분리 효과가 억제되었을 경우에는 예방 초점이 점화되었을 때 자기통제 의도가 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 작은 패키지 사이즈 제품을 섭취하는 과정에서 분리 효과의 억제 여부와 조절초점에 따라 자기통제 의도에 다른 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 검증하였다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 패키지 사이즈 연구에서 심리적인 기제인 분리 효과와 관련하여 확장된 연구를 하였다는 점과 이러한 편향이 덜 나타나는 조건을 조절초점을 통해 찾았다는 점에서 의의가 있다.