The effect of swimming exercise and powdered-Salicornia herbacea L. ingestion on glucose metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic rats

( Se Sil Lee ),( Hyobin Seo ),( Sungpil Ryu ),( Tae Dong Kwon ) 한국운동영양학회 2015 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.19 No.3

[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Salicornia herbacea L. powder ingestion on carbohydrate metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic rats. [Methods] To achieve this objective, 35 Sprague-Dawley male rats were raised with feed mixed with Salicornia herbacia L. powder and given specific periods to swim for 5 weeks. There was no significant difference in the insulin increase rate while ingesting Salicornia herbacea L. powder and simultaneously exercising. [Results] Compared to the diabetes mellitus group, HOMA-IR was significantly decreased in the diabetes mellitus + exercise group, diabetes mellitus + Salicornia herbacea group, and the diabetes mellitus + Salicornia herbacea + exercise group. However, changes in blood glucose were significant ineach group. Thus, for the result of GLUT-4 and GLUT-2, which are the glycose transporters of the liver and muscle, diabetes mellitus + exercise group, diabetes mellitus + Salicornia herbacea group, and diabetes mellitus + Salicornia herbacea + exercise group showed significantly higher expressions. The glycogen concentration of the liver and muscle was significantly increased in the diabetes mellitus + exercise group, diabetes mellitus + Salicornia herbacea group, and diabetes mellitus + Salicornia herbacea + exercise group. [Conclusion] With the results above, it seems that taking Salicornia herbacea L. powder and exercise will help prevent various diabetic complications. Therefore, the findings of this study could justify Salicornia herbacea L. powder with its basal data of physiological activities and pharmacological components as a type of health functional food.

고지방식이로 유도한 비만 흰쥐에서 함초 (Salicornia herbacea L.) 분말의 항비만 효과 탐색

김미정,전현영,김정희 한국영양학회 2015 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.48 No.2

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine whether Hamcho freeze-dried powder and Hamcho freeze-dried nano powder have an anti-obese effect on high fat diet-induced obese rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 different groups, each of which was bred for 8 weeks with a different experimental diet: normal diet group (NC), high fat diet group (HFC), high fat diet + 2% Salicornia herbacea L. freeze-dried powder group (2% HS), high fat diet + 5% Salicornia herbacea L. freeze-dried powder group (5%HS), high fat diet + 1% Salicornia herbacea L. freeze-dried nano powder group (1% HSN), high fat diet + 2% Salicornia herbacea L. freeze-dried nano powder group (2% HSN). Results: The 5% HS group showed a weight loss effect in body weight, liver and adipose tissue by reducing the amount of dietary intake and food efficiency ratio. In addition, the 5% HS group showed a significant reduction of serum leptin concentration, while having a beneficial effect on the improvement of lipid metabolism such as increase the serum concentration of adiponectin. However, Hamcho freeze-dried nano powder did not show a weight loss effect. Conclusion: Overall data indicated that Hamcho seemed to have anti-obesity effects. In particular, consumption of 5% Hamcho freeze-dried powder might have beneficial effects on body weight, serum adiponectin level, and lipid profiles since it led to reduced body weight and growth of adipose tissues by suppressing dietary intakes. However conduct of further research studies is needed for analysis of active components and biochemical action mechanism of Hamcho. 본 연구에서는 한국산 함초 (Salicornia herbacea L.)인퉁퉁마디의 항비만 효과를 알아보고자 동물실험을 실시하였다. 함초 동결건조 분말 및 함초 동결건조 나노화 분말의 항비만 효과를 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 최종체중은 5% 함초 동결건조 분말을 섭취한 5% HS 군이 HFC군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였으며, NC군보다도유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 식이섭취량은 NC군에 비하여고지방식이 섭취군 (HFC, 2% HS, 5% HS, 1% HSN)에서유의적으로 감소하였고, 5% 함초 동결건조 분말을 섭취한5% HS군은 고지방식이군보다 유의적으로 식이섭취량이낮았다. 2) 간 무게는 고지방식이의 영향으로 NC군에 비하여 모든 고지방식이 섭취군에서 유의하게 증가하였고, 5% 함초동결건조 분말 섭취군은 HFC군과 비교해 유의하게 낮았다. 부고환 지방조직의 무게 역시 왼쪽/오른쪽 모두 5% 함초 동결건조 분말 섭취군에서 HFC군에 비해 유의하게 낮았으며, NC군보다도 유의적으로 수치가 낮았다. 3) 혈청 중성지질 농도는 NC군이 모든 고지방식이 섭취군에 비해 유의하게 높았으며, 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 농도는2% HS군을 제외한 모든 고지방식이군에서 NC군에 비해유의하게 높았다. 그러나, 혈청 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 HDL-Cholesterol 농도 모두 HFC군과비교하여 함초 섭취에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 간 조직의 중성지질과 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 NC군에비하여 모든 고지방식이 섭취군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다 (p < 0.05). HFC군은 함초 섭취군과 유의적인 차이가나타나지 않았으나, 5% 함초 동결건조 분말 섭취군의 중성 지질과 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 HFC군에 비해 감소하는경향을 보였다. 5) 간 세포질 중 FAS 농도의 경우 NC군이 모든 고지방식이 섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 함초분말섭취에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 6) 혈청 leptin 농도는 HFC군에 비해 모든 함초 섭취군에서 leptin의 수치가 낮게 나타나는 경향이 보였다. 특히 5% HS군은 HFC군에 비해 leptin 농도가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 adiponectin 농도는 NC군이 모든 고지방식이섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 5% 함초 동결건조 분말 섭취군의 경우 HFC군 비해 그 농도가 증가하는 경향이나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 이상의 실험 결과에서 고지방식이와 함께 섭취한 5% 함초 동결건조 분말은 식이섭취량을 줄여 체중, 간 및 지방조직의 무게를 감소하였고, 혈중 leptin 농도를 유의적으로감소시켰으며, 혈중 adiponectin 농도를 증가시키는 경향을 보이는 등 지질대사 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 함초의 식이조절 및 지질개선 건강기능성소재 개발 가능성을 제시한 것으로 생각된다.

함초 분말 첨가가 제빵적성에 미치는 영향

배종윤(Jong Yoon Bae),박나영(La Young Park),이신호(Shin Ho Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2008 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.37 No.7

함초의 식품에서 활용도를 높이기 위한 기초 연구로서, 함초의 제빵 적성에 대해 검토하였다. 함초 분말의 수분함량은 9.39%, 조회분은 25.60%, 조섬유는 73.02%이었으며, 철분과 칼슘의 함량은 각각 17.6 ㎎%, 117.5 ㎎%였다. 반죽의 pH는 함초 분말 첨가에 의해 뚜렷한 값의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 함초 분말 6.0% 첨가구의 발효능은 대조구보다 다소 낮게 나타났으며, 그 외 함초 첨가구는 대조구보다 높게 나타났다. 굽기 손실률은 함초 분말 0.6% 첨가구를 제외한 나머지 첨가구는 대조구보다 굽기 손실률이 낮게 나타났다. 함초 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 빵의 무게도 증가하였으나 대조구와 유의적인 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 반면에 식빵의 부피는 함초 첨가 농도가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 빵 반죽의 색도는 함초 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록, L값(백색도)과 b값(황색도)은 감소하였고, a값(적색도)은 증가하였다. 함초 분말 첨가 식빵의 기호성은 맛과 풍미, 색의 경우 함초 분말 1.2% 첨가구가 대조구보다 증가하였다. 종합적 기호도는 대조구와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Salicornia herbacea L. on baking properties of white breads. Crude fiber and crude ash contents of Salicornia herbacea L. powder were 70.02% and 25.6%, respectively. Fe and Ca contents of Salicornia herbacea L. were 176 ppm and 1,175 ppm, respectively. The pH of dough with Salicornia herbacea L. powder was similar to that of control. Salinity contents did not show any significantly differences between bread added Salicornia herbacea L. powder and control. L (lightness) and b (yellowness) value of the dough were decreased by the addition of Salicornia herbacea L., but a (redness) value was increased. The volume of dough during fermentation and the baking loss did not show significant difference between treatments and control. The weight of bread was increased by the addition of Salicornia herbacea L. but the volume was not.

함초의 항균 및 생리활성

박나영 ( La Young Park ),정은주 ( Eun Ju Jeong ),이신호 ( Shin Ho Lee ),배종윤 ( Jong Yun Bae ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2007 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate antimicrobial activity and physiological characteristics of Salicornia herbacea L. Antimicrobial activity of Salicornia herbacea L. ethanol extracts and hot water extracts against phatogenic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas fluorecens, Aeromonas hydrophia, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli was investigated Antimicrobial activity of Salicornia herbacea L. Ethanol extracts was higher than that of hot water extracts. Antioxidant effects of Salicornia herbacea L. was measured by DPPH-radical scavenging activity and TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). DPPH-radical scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid rancidity and total polyphenol contents of Salicornia herbacea L. ethanol extract were higher than that of hot water extract.

Study of the effect of diet supplemented with powdered Salicornia herbacea L. on glucose transporter and antioxidant capacities in rats

( Hyo Bin Seo ),( Ju Ock Nam ),( Young Ju Song ),( Tae Dong Kwon ),( Yung Hi Yeo ),( Sung Pil Ryu ) 한국운동영양학회 2012 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.16 No.2

This study was conducted to examine the possibility of Salicornia herbacea L. powder as a functional food beneficially affecting carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant capacity. Twenty-four, 6-week old, maleSprague-Dawleyrats were classified into three groups: normal diet control (CON), high-fat diet control (HFC) and high fat diet + Salicornia herbacea L. (SHF). Related feed was provided to each group for 4 weeks. Weight gain rate increased most in the HFC rats, and the concentration of glucose was significantly high in both the HFC and SHF groups, compared to the CON group. The SHF group showed a significantly high expression rate of Glut 4 (21.36%), compared to the CON and HFC groups. The glycogen content in muscle was significantly high in both the HFC and SHF groups, compared to the CON group. There were significant differences in the malondialdehydecontent in muscles between the groups, with the content in the CON and HFC groups being significantly higher than the SHF group. All the groups showed a similar tendency to each other in the liver tissue as well. Concerning the expression of Cu,Zn-super oxide dismutase andglutathione peroxidaseproteins, the SHF group was significantly higher than the CON and HFC groups. Overall, the experiment result above implies a possibility that an intake of Salicornia herbacea L. powder can regulate weight by decreasing the weight gain rate, further suggesting its effectiveness as a functional food before exercise by increasing the energy storage capacity and antioxidant capacity.

사염화탄소에 의한 흰쥐의 간독성에 미치는 함초의 보호효과

최인경 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1998 藥學論文誌 Vol.9 No.1

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Salicormia Herbacea L. especially on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. The Sprague Dawley Rates were administered the Salicornia Herbacea L. orally at 500 and 750㎎/㎏ for consecutive days, followed by an intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride at 0.4㎖/㎏ in corn oil. The elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, which had been induced by the administration of Salicornia Herbacea L. The liver vacuolization and lymphoid cell aggregation by carbon tetrachloride were clearly elevated by the Salicornia Herbacea L. as determined by histological examinations. All data from this study showed that the administration of Salicornia Herbacea L. prior to CCl_4 injection, resulted in the protection of rats from hepatotoxicity, suggesting that it could be used to develop new drug with protective effect against hepatotoxicity.

Study of the effect of diet supplemented with powdered Salicornia herbacea L. on glucose transporter and antioxidant capacities in rats

서효빈,남주옥,송영주,권태동,여윤기,류승필 한국운동영양학회 2012 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.16 No.2

This study was conducted to examine the possibility of Salicornia herbacea L. powder as a functional food beneficially affecting carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant capacity. Twenty-four, 6-week old, maleSprague-Dawleyrats were classified into three groups:normal diet control (CON), high-fat diet control (HFC) and high fat diet + Salicornia herbacea L. (SHF). Related feed was provided to each group for 4 weeks. Weight gain rate increased most in the HFC rats, and the concentration of glucose was significantly high in both the HFC and SHF groups, compared to the CON group. The SHF group showed a significantly high expression rate of Glut 4 (21.36%), compared to the CON and HFC groups. The glycogen content in muscle was significantly high in both the HFC and SHF groups, compared to the CON group. There were significant differences in the malondialdehydecontent in muscles between the groups, with the content in the CON and HFC groups being significantly higher than the SHF group. All the groups showed a similar tendency to each other in the liver tissue as well. Concerning the expression of Cu,Zn-super oxide dismutase andglutathione peroxidaseproteins, the SHF group was significantly higher than the CON and HFC groups. Overall, the experiment result above implies a possibility that an intake of Salicornia herbacea L. powder can regulate weight by decreasing the weight gain rate, further suggesting its effectiveness as a functional food before exercise by increasing the energy storage capacity and antioxidant capacity.

퉁퉁마디(Salicornia herbacea L.)에서 추출한 적자색 색소의 특성 및 안정성

이영재(Young-Jae Lee),박인배(In-Bae Park),김해섭(Hae-Seop Kim),신궁원(Gung-Won Shin),박정욱(Jeong-Wook Park),조영철(Yeong-Cheol Jo) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.7

퉁퉁마디의 적자색 색소의 안정성에 대한 pH, 당, 유기산, ascorbic acid, 아미노산, 식염 및 온도의 영향을 조사하였다. 퉁퉁마디 적자색 색소는 pH 4~6 범위에서 가장 안정하였으며, 저장기간에 따른 퉁퉁마디 적자색 색소의 잔존율은 다양한 당 첨가에 의해 대조구에 비해 높았다. 특히, 저장기간 10일 경과 후 0.5 M sucrose를 첨가한 시료구는 대조구에 비해 약 11.1% 가량 색소 잔존율이 높았으며 다음으로 fructose, maltose, glucose, galactose 순이었다. 또한, 유기산의 첨가로 종류와 농도에 관계없이 모두 대조구에 비해 저장기간 중 퉁퉁마디 적자색 색소의 잔존율을 감소시켰으며 특히, 유기산의 농도를 0.5 M로 가장 높게 처리한 시료구의 색소잔존율이 저장 10일 후 13.1~15.9%로 크게 감소하였다. 저장기간 10일 경과 후 ascorbic acid와 thio urea를 동시에 1,000 ppm씩 첨가한 경우 저장 10일 경과 색소의 잔존율이 48.4%로 대조구에 비해 약 23.1% 가량 높았다. 또한 아미노산 중에서는 aspartic acid를 50 mM 처리 시 색소 잔존율이 41.5%로 가장 높았으며 식염의 농도를 2.0 M 처리 시 색소의 잔존율이 31.6%로 대조구에 비해 높았다. 5℃와 25℃ 등 저온저장의 경우 색소의 안정성이 유지된 반면 저장온도가 상승함에 따라 색소의 안정성은 급격히 감소하였다. To examine stability of a violet red pigment in a Salicornia herbacea L., several tests for pH, sugar, organic acid, ascorbic acid, amino acid, salt and temperature effect were carried out. A violet red pigment in Salicornia herbacea L. was the most stable in the range of pH 4 to 6. Each of the violet red pigments in Salicornia herbacea L. added with different amounts of sugar showed higher retention rate according to storage time than those of the control group. After 10 days of storage, especially the retention rate of the experimentals with 0.5 M sucrose was higher than the controls by about 11.1% while fructose, maltose, glucose and galactose were less higher in order. Also, adding organic acid reduced retention rate of the experimentals over the controls irrespective of sort and concentration of organic acid; also, the retention rate of the experiment with 0.5 M organic acid, the highest amount of all, reduced radically to 13.1 to 15.9% after 10 days storage. The retention rate of the experimentals added 1,000 ppm ascorbic acid and thio urea respectively after 10 days was 48.4%, which is higher than the controls by around 23.1%. As to amino acid, treatment on the pigment with aspartic acid 50 mM marked the highest retention rate of 41.5% and treatment with 2.0 M NaCl showed 31.6% retention rate, which was higher than the controls. While low temperature like 5℃ and 25℃ kept the stability of the pigment in storage, as temperature increased the stability of the pigment dropped rapidly.

Acute exercise with Salicornia herbacia L. powder ingestion increases Lipids metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic rats

( Hyo Bin Seo ),( In Ho Lee ),( Byung Duk Jeon ),( Tae Dong Kwon ),( Sung Pil Ryu ) 한국운동영양학회 2012 Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry Vol.16 No.4

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Salicornia herbacea L. (SHL) intake and acute exercise on lipids metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Four different groups of 40 STZ-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley male rats were given a diet of feed mixed with SHL powder for 6 weeks. To adapt to the acute swimming exercise, the exercise group went through a period of swimming induction over one week. Then, they performed the acute swimming exercise the next day. 24 hours after the acute swimming exercise, the rats were sacrificed and samples were collected and analyzed. There was no significant change in body weight as compared to the control group. Stored fat was found to have decreased in the group which was fed a diet supplemented with SHL powder. There was a significant reduction in blood glucose, triglyceride and total-cholesterol in the SHL intake group only. There was no change in L-FABP and CPT-1 protein expression determined to have occurred due to acute exercise, but there was a statistically significant increase in the expression of both proteins determined for the SHL grouip. Moreover, the SHL group with acute exercise exhibited an increase in cytochrome C oxidase. Based on the results above, it seems that SHL powder could help to prevent various diabetic complications. In addition, it seems necessary to prove the effectiveness of SHL as a healthy functional food by carrying out further research on its intake in relation to metabolic syndromes and exercise capabilities.

Acute Oral Toxicity of Salicornia herbacea L. Extract in Mice

Hyeong-Seon Lee 대한의생명과학회 2016 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.22 No.2

Salicornia herbacea L. (S. herbacea) is an annual herbaceous plant of Chenopodiaceae. It grows in groups on the coast or mud flat of Korea is known to be rich in minerals. S. herbacea has potent anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-obesity, bowel function improvement. However, pharmacological mechanisms of S. herbacea extract (SHE) remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential acute toxicity of SHE in ICR mice administered a single oral dose of 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg by gavage. After administration of the extract, signs of toxicity were observed every day for 14 days. No mortality, abnormal clinical signs, body weight, organ weight or pathological changes were observed compared to a control group, and there were no differences in the body weights of the control and treatment groups. Biological serum activities and histological tests were not significantly changed in the treatment group compared to the control group. Especially, treatment of SHE was significantly decreased of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These results indicated that a single oral administration of SHE does not exerts any toxic effects at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg and that the LD50 of SHE is greater than 2,000 mg/kg. Accordingly, SHE appears to have potential in various functional agents of foods, without toxicity.