RAPD Analysis of Three Deer Species in Malaysia

El-Jaafari, Habiba A.A.,Panandam, Jothi M.,Idris, Ismail,Siraj, Siti Shapor Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.9

The genetic variability within and among three deer species in Malaysia, namely Cervus nippon (sika), Cervus timorensis (rusa) and Cervus unicolor (sambar), were evaluated using the RAPD technique. The DNA extracted from the buffy coat of 34 sika, 38 rusa and 9 sambar were analysed using ten primers that gave bands which showed good resolution. The primers generated 164 RAPD markers in total, and these ranged in size from 150 to 900 bp. The percent of polymorphism of the bands generated per primer ranged from 66.66-93.33% for rusa, 36.84-61.14% for sambar and 52.38-100% for sika. The overall percent polymorphism observed for the 164 RAPD markers was 99.39%. The results revealed five exclusive, monomorphic markers for sambar and one exclusive, monomorphic marker for sika; none was observed for rusa. However, these cannot be declared as markers for the identification of the species without analysis of more samples, populations and species. The means of within population genetic distances, based on Dice's and Jaccard's similarity indices, were similar for the rusa (0.383 and 0.542, respectively) and sika (0.397 and 0.558, respectively) populations with the sambar population being the least variable (0.194 and 0.323, respectively). The Dice based genetic distances within the species ranged from 0.194 to 0.397 and the genetic distances among the species were 0.791-0.911. The genetic distances based on Dice's and Jaccard's similarity indices between the rusa and sambar were 0.556 and 0.713, between the rusa and sika populations were 0.552 and 0.710, and between sambar and sika were 0.622 and 0.766, respectively.

FLASH FLOOD GUIDANCE OF A TYPOON "RUSA"

Kim, Byung-Sik,Kim, Hung-Soo Korea Water Resources Association 2003 Water engineering research Vol.4 No.4

The severe flood disaster by a typoon Rusa was occurred in the last year in Korea. The Rusa brought the rainfall of 870.5mm per a day in the city of Kangnung, Kangwon-do, Korea and this rainfall amount is 62% of the annual mean rainfall in this area. Our focus is to investigate the flash flood guidance and the sediment yield for the basins of small streams of Yangyang town in Kangnung area. Say, the flash flood guidance and the sediment yield by the Rusa are estimated and compared with the given informations obtained from the past flood events. As the results, the flash flood guidance and sediment yield in the study area showed much bigger values than the given informations and so we could know that the Rusa influenced the severe flood of the study area.

지형분석모형과 강우레이더를 이용한 돌발홍수 모형 개발 : Ⅱ. 태풍 루사에 의한 양양 남대천 유역의 돌발홍수 모니터링

김병식(Kim Byung Sik),홍준범(Hong Jun Bum),김형수(Kim Hung Soo),김양수(Kim Yang Soo) 대한토목학회 2007 대한토목학회논문집 B Vol.27 No.2B

지난 2002년 8월 말경 태풍 루사가 한반도를 통과하면서 전국에 걸쳐 강풍과 폭우로 많은 피해가 발생하였고, 영동지방에는 기록적인 폭우가 쏟아져 피해가 집중되었다. 특히 강릉지역에 내린 l일 강수량은 870.5 ㎜로 기록되었다. 강릉지역의 연 평균 강수량 1401.9 ㎜의 62%가 하루에 내렸으며 태풍 루사에 의한 홍수피해는 강릉시, 양양군, 고성군, 정성군 지역의 피해가 가장 큰 것으로 기록되었다. 본 논문에서는 본 연구논제(2006)에서 개발한 돌발홍수 모니터링 및 예측 모형인 F2MAP 모형의 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 지난 2002년 8월, 태풍 루사에 의해 피해를 입은 강원도 지역에 적용하였으며, 실제 피해 내용과 모형의 결과를 비교한 결과 충분한 적용성을 확인할 수 있었다. The typhoon Rusa passed through the Korean peninsula from the south-western part to the north-eastern part in the summer season of 2002 and caused severe flood disaster in Korea. The Rusa brought the 870.5 ㎜/day of rainfall in the city of Kang-neung, Kangwon-do, Korea and this amounts 62% of the annual mean rainfall in this area. The flash flood due to the Rusa was occurred over the whole Korean peninsula and especially the damage was centered in Kangneung, Yangyang, Koseong, and Jeongseon areas of Kangwon-Do. The purpose of this study is to assess the applicability of a F2MAP model that we developed in the previous part of this issue (2006). Therefore, we applied the F2MAP model to Narndae-cheon basin, Yangyang, Kang-won-do which was one of the biggest damaged areas by the flash flood from the Rusa. The application results of the F2MAP model illustrates that the model is suitable for the monitoring and the prediction of a flash flood.

태풍 내습 시 지상 최대풍 추정을 위한 WRF 수치모의 사례 연구: 태풍 RUSA와 MAEMI를 대상으로

정우식 ( Woo Sik Jung ),박종길 ( Jong Kil Park ),김은별 ( Eun Byul Kim ),이보람 ( Bo Ram Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.4

This study calculated wind speed at the height of 10 m using a disaster prediction model(Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model, FPHLM) that was developed and used in the United States. Using its distributions, a usable information of surface wind was produced for the purpose of disaster prevention when the typhoon attack. The advanced research version of the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) was used in this study, and two domains focusing on South Korea were determined through two-way nesting. A horizontal time series and vertical profile analysis were carried out to examine whether the model provided a resonable simulation, and the meteorological factors, including potential temperature, generally showed the similar distribution with observational data. We determined through comparison of observations that data taken at 700 hPa and used as input data to calculate wind speed at the height of 10 m for the actual terrain was suitable for the simulation. Using these results, the wind speed at the height of 10 m for the actual terrain was calculated and its distributions were shown. Thus, a stronger wind occurred in coastal areas compared to inland areas showing that coastal areas are more vulnerable to strong winds.

Characteristics and Cutability of Farmed Rusa Deer (Cervus timorensis) Carcasses for Marketing of Venison

Dahlan, I. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.5

Rusa deer are the only viable commercial tropical deer species for farming in the tropics because of their hardiness, adaptability and prolific characteristics. Twelve entire rusa stags were slaughtered according to halal procedure and used for carcass evaluation and cutability studies. Three carcass categories; large (46 to 55 kg), medium (36 to 45 kg) and small (25 to 35 kg) were developed for rusa stags. This study indicated that entire Moluccan rusa deer stags with mean live weight ranges from 50 to 80 kg and age groups of 15 to 29 months showed dressing percentage of 58 to 62%. Carcass conformation of rusa stags showed significantly (p<0.05) higher forequarters portion than hindquarters for medium (mean weight, 40.8 kg) and large (mean weight, 50.0 kg) carcass categories. The large carcass category was significantly (p<0.05) bigger in hindquarters portion (47.3% vs. 45.4%) than the medium carcass category. This study showed that medium and large carcass categories are more suitable for boneless cuts since the muscles were larger than small carcasses and easy for deboning. Stag carcasses showed higher proportion of the musculature in the high-priced areas of the carcass such as in round cuts. Bone-in cuts are more suitable for small carcasses since the muscles were smaller and difficult to debone (mean weight, 30.5 kg). About 90% of total deer carcasses in the small carcass category were developed into retail bone-in cuts (excluding 9.9% of breast, shank and trimming). The carcass characteristics and cutability information derived from this study can be used as a basis for a venison marketing strategy for deer farming and production in the tropics.

Consumption and Digestion of Forages by Male Rusa (Cervus timorensis russa) Deer-the Effects of Castration and Season

Sookhareea, R.,Dryden, G. McL Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.8

In a split-unit design, 12 Javan rusa (Cervus timorensis russa) stags (6 castrated and 6 entire) were used to investigate seasonal (winter, spring and summer) effects on intake, digestibility of food constituents, volatile fatty acid profile, and nitrogen retention, when given lucerne (Medicago sativa) or rhodes grass (Chloris guyana) hays. Entire stags ate 9% more dry matter (DM) than castrates (p<0.05). Both castrated and entire stags exhibited seasonal changes in DM intake, these being higher (p<0.05) in winter (62.3 g/kg $W^{0.75}$) than spring (56.9 g/kg $W^{0.75}$) or summer (55.3 g/kg $W^{0.75}$). Intakes of lucerne hay (211 g protein/kg DM) were significantly higher than of rhodes grass hay (49 g protein/kg DM) in all seasons (p<0.05). Digestibilities of DM (0.58), neutral detergent fibre (0.59) and acid detergent fibre (0.47) were similar between castrates and entires. DM digestibility was higher (p<0.0001) for lucerne (0.66) than rhodes grass (0.55), and was higher (p<0.05) in winter (0.60) than spring (0.58) or summer (0.57). The ruminal acetate concentrations were higher (p<0.001) in spring than summer (78 and 73 molar % respectively). Apparent digestibility of protein was significantly less (p<0.0001) for rhodes grass (0.37) than lucerne (0.75). N retention was positive for lucerne (15.2 g/d) but negative for rhodes grass (-2.8 g/d) (p<0.0001), and was higher (p<0.001) in summer (12.0 g/d) than spring (4.3 g/d) or winter (2.4 g/d). The tropical rusa deer exhibits seasonal variations in feed intake, food constituent digestibilities, VFA profile and N retention. Castration did not alter these traits. The results do not support the view that rusa deer can thrive on low-quality pastures. The productivity and commercial exploitation of rusa deer could be optimised if they are given high-protein feed during spring and summer.

The Effect of Castration on Growth and Body Composition of Javan Rusa Stags

Sookhareea, R.,Woodford, K.B.,Dryden, G. McL. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.5

The effects of castration on growth and body composition of Javan rusa (Cervus timorensis russa) stags were examined at three slaughter ages in three experiments. Castration had no effects on growth rates, or liveweights at periodic weighings, at any stage in Experiments 1 and 2, when the stags were slaughtered at 19 and 13 months of age, respectively. In Experiment 3, monthly liveweights of castrated and entire stags were not significantly different until the stags were 21 months old. From this age, when they had recovered from their first rut season and were in their second spring/early summer, the entires grew more rapidly than the castrates. There were seasonal changes in growth in both treatments, indicating that pasture conditions influenced performance. Liveweights of entires and castrates were similar in stags slaughtered at 13 and 19 months, but castrates were smaller than entires at 25 months. Castration reduced the size of the head and skin, but there was little important effect of castration on body components at any slaughter age. Castration can be recommended as a management tool for rusa stags, especially if the animals are to be slaughtered before they exceed 19 months of age.

수분유입방향을 고려한 강릉지역 태풍 루사의 수분최대화비 산정

김문현,정일원,임은순,권원태 한국수자원학회 2007 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.40 No.9

본 연구에서는 2002년 강릉지역에 큰 피해를 일으킨 태풍 루사(Rusa) 호우 사례에 대하여 PMP(Probable Maximum Precipitation)의 산정 및 전이에서 발생할 수 있는 문제에 대해 분석하였다. PMP산정을 위해서는 2가지 이슬점온도 산정이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 그 중 대표 12시간 지속 이슬점온도를 지상일기도, 지표 풍향, 850 hPa 수분속, 유선장 뿐만 아니라 강릉 지역의 지형적 특성까지 고려하여 수분 유입 지 In this study, we estimated the PMP(Probable Maximum Precipitation) and its transition in case of the typhoon Rusa which happened the biggest damage of all typhoons in the Korea. Specially, we analysed the moisture maximizing rate under the consideration

Landsat 영상을 이용한 태풍 RUSA 침수피해지역 분석기법 연구

이미선,박근애,박민지,신형진,김성준 한국수자원학회 2004 한국수자원학회 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.1

2000년 강원도 동해안지역 대규모 산불화재가 태풍루사 홍수피해에 미친 영향 -삼척시 오십천을 중심으로

강상혁 한국화재소방학회 2003 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.17 No.4

강원 동해안 지역은 산불과 홍수와 같은 재해가 빈번하게 발생되어 왔다. 2000년 4월 대규모 산불의 발생으로 산림은 소실되고 황폐화 되었다. 더욱이 2002년 8월 31일 일강우량 315 mm를 동반한 태풍 루사로 인하여 178명의 인명피해와 막대한 재산피해를 경험하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실제 피해지역의 현장조사를 통하여 산불재해를 고려한 홍수피해의 원인을 규명하고자 하였다. The east coast of Kangwon province has been suffering from natural disaster like wildfire and flooding. In April 2000, there has been a great wildfire in this area. Many forest was burnt out, the mountain was bared. Furthermore, on 31st August,2002 typhoon RUSA attacked the area with heavy rainfall of about 315 mm/day, which resulted in 178 deaths and extensive damage to the property, In this regard, our study was focused on the assessment of the factors of flooding damage considering wildfire disaster. Most of results for our study are derived from practical investigation in the east coast of Kangwon province.