A Study on the Application of GIS and AHP for the Optimization of Route Selection

Lee, Hyung-Seok,Yun, Hee-Cheon,Kang, Joon-Mook Korean Society of Surveying 2001 Korean journal of geomatics Vol.1 No.1

In a route plan, the route selection is a complicated problem to consider the spatial distribution and influence through overall related data and objective analysis on the social, economic and technical condition. The developed system in this study was compared and estimated by deciding a practical section for its validity and efficiency. Using Geographic Information System (GIS), the various information required for route selections in database was constructed, the characteristics of subject area by executing three-dimensional terrain analysis was grasped effectively, and the control point through buffering, overlay and location operation was extracted. An optimum route was selected by calculating the sum of alternatives to the sub-criteria weight, and from this result, there is a difference between real route and proposed route according to the prioritization of decision criteria based on the importance. This research could be constructed and applied geospatial information to the reasonable route plan and an optimum route selection efficiently using GIS. Therefore, the applications are presented by applying Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to the decision-making of information needed in route selection.

VMS(Variable Message Sign)를 통한 교통정보 제공이 운전자의 운행경로 전환에 미치는 영향 분석

정헌영(Jung Hun Young),손수란(Son Su Ran),이정호(Lee Jeong Ho) 대한토목학회 2011 대한토목학회논문집 D Vol.31 No.2D

교통정보 제공은 개인의 통행시간 절약뿐만 아니라, 도로 운영의 효율성을 향상하여 사회적 편익을 증진시키는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 그 중에서 WMS(도로전광판 Variable Message Sign: 이하 VMS)는 운전자가 주행 중에 쉽게 이해할 수 있게 함은 물론 불특정 다수에게 실시간으로 정보를 제공하는 수단으로 이용되고 있다. 그렇지만 VMS로부터 제공되는 정보가 운전자의 경로 선택에 있어서 어느 정도의 영향을 미치는지를 명확히 밝히고 있는 연구는 부족한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 운전자들의 VMS 교통정보 이용 형태 및 이용 만족도 등에 대해 살펴보고, VMS 정보에서 통행시간이 수치적으로 표현되었을 때, 경로선택에 영향을 미치는지에 대한 경로전환 예측모형을 구축하였다. 경로전환예측 모형은 우회도로의 상태에 따라 조건Ⅰ, 조건Ⅱ, 조건Ⅲ으로 구분하여 확률을 추정하였다. 또한 VMS 교통정보 제공으로 인해 발생하는 운전자의 통행단축 시간에 따른 전환율과 그에 따른 민감도를 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과로, 조건Ⅰ의 경우 단축시간 5분에서 10.0%의 전환율을 보이지만 단축시간이 20분일 때 81.6%까지 늘어났다. 조건Ⅱ에서는 단축시간이 증가함에 따라 14.2%에서 92.7%까지, 조건Ⅲ은 최대 99.1%의 전환율의 결과를 나타냈다. 각 조건별 통행단축시간에 따른 전환확률 민감도 분석에서는 조건Ⅰ일때 약 11분, 조건Ⅱ는 약 9분, 조건Ⅲ은 약 5분의 통행단축시간에서 민감도가 가장 높게 나타났다. The provision of traffic information plays an important role in increasing social benefit not only by saving travel time for individuals but also by improving the efficiency of road operation. VMS (Variable Message Sign) helps on-wheel drivers easily understand the road situation, and also provides real-time traffic information to people on the streets. However, it has not been sufficiently studied on how traffic information based on VMS influences on the drivers' selection of route. This study investigated how drivers use VMS traffic information and how they are satisfied with it. Then, the model of drivers' route selection was specified with the types of traffic information and the expected travel time to examine the influence on the selection of drivers' route. The model was estimated and analyzed in three types according to the condition of detour roads, and the rate of route change and the degree of sensitivity was calculated from the estimation. The results of analysis are as follows. the 1<SUP>st</SUP> type model showed the 10% of route change for the travel time saving of 5minutes, and the 81.6% of route change for the travel time saving of 20minutes. The 2<SUP>nd</SUP> type led to the range of route change from 14.2% to 92.7% over the 5 through 20 minutes of travel time saving. The 3<SUP>rd</SUP> model resulted in the 99.1 % of route change. The sensitivity of route change showed the highest for the travel time saving of 11 minutes with the 1<SUP>st</SUP> type model, 9 minutes with the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> type model, and 5 minutes with the 3<SUP>rd</SUP> type model respectively.

Candidate Path Selection Method for TCP Performance Improvement in Fixed Robust Routing

Yukinobu Fukushima,Takashi Matsumura,Kazutaka Urushibara,Tokumi Yokohira 대한전자공학회 2016 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.5 No.6

Fixed robust routing is attracting attention as routing that achieves high robustness against changes in traffic patterns without conducting traffic measurement and performing dynamic route changes. Fixed robust routing minimizes the worst-case maximum link load by distributing traffic of every source-destination (s-d) router pair onto multiple candidate paths (multipath routing). Multipath routing, however, can result in performance degradation of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) because of frequent out-of-order packet arrivals. In this paper, we first investigate the influence of multipath routing on TCP performance under fixed robust routing with a simulation using ns-2. The simulation results clarify that TCP throughput greatly degrades with multipath routing. We next propose a candidate path selection method to improve TCP throughput while suppressing the worst-case maximum link load to less than the allowed level under fixed robust routing. The method selects a single candidate path for each of a predetermined ratio of s-d router pairs in order to avoid TCP performance degradation, and it selects multiple candidate paths for each of the other router pairs in order to suppress the worst-case maximum link load. Numerical examples show that, provided the worst-case maximum link load is less than 1.0, our proposed method achieves about six times the TCP throughput as the original fixed robust routing.

A Study on Competitiveness of Sea Transport by Comparing International Transport Routes between Korea and EU

Dae-seop MOON,김동진,Eun-kyung LEE 한국해운물류학회 2015 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.31 No.1

This study analyzes competitiveness of the six Korea-Europe transport routes. For the criteria of analysis, the quantitative factors (total transport distance, total transport time, and total transport cost) and the qualitative factors (transport service, safety, and awareness) were selected and weighed. The factors were then applied to the TOPSIS technique to rank the routes based on their competitiveness. The result of TOPSIS analysis showed the priority in the routes as follows:Route 1 (Trans Korea Railway(TKR) and Trans Siberia Railway(TSR))> Route 6 (Arctic Route)>Route4(Busan-Vanino-TSR)>Route2(Busan-Vostochny-TSR)>Route3 (Busan-Vladivostok-Vostochny-TSR)> Route 5 (Suez Canal Route). Route 1 was found the most competitive, and Route 5, the most widely used sea way was ranked the lowest. In addition, the new transport routes, Route 1 and 6 are shown to be more competitive than the currently available routes, Route 2, 3 and 4. However, these routes need national level supports (rail construction for Route 1 and subsidy plan for Route 6) for the commercial use in the future.

Route Selection Protocol based on Energy Drain Rates in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Kim, Dong-Kyun 한국통신학회 2003 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.28 No.7A

Untethered nodes in mobile ad-hoc networks strongly depend on the efficient use of their batteries. In this paper, we propose a new metric, the drain rate, to forecast the lifetime of nodes according to current traffic conditions. This metric is combined with the value of the remaining battery capacity to determine which nodes can be part of an active route. We describe new route selection mechanisms for MANET routing protocols, which we call the Minimum Drain Rate (MDR) and the Conditional Minimum Drain Rate (CMDR). MDR extends nodal battery life and the duration of paths, while CMDR also minimizes the total transmission power consumed per packet. Using the ns-2 simulator and the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol, we compare MDR and CMDR against prior proposals for power-aware routing and show that using the drain rate for power-aware route selection offers superior performance results.

로컬 QoS 라우팅을 위한 경로선택 알고리즘

서경용 대한전자공학회 2003 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.40 No.12

최근에 글로벌 QoS 라우팅방식의 약점을 개선하려는 노력으로 로컬 QoS 라우팅 방식이 제시되었다. 글로벌 라우팅과는 다르게 로컬 QoS 라우팅에서는 라우터간의 상태교환을 수행하지 않고 virtual capacity를 사용하여 라우터가 독자적으로 라우팅을 수행한다. 로컬 QoS 라우팅에서는 소스와 목적간의 경로가 효과적으로 선택되어야만 좋은 성능을 보장받을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 효과적인 경로 선택을 위하여 몇몇의 휴리스틱을 제시하고 이를 활용한 경로 선택 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 시뮬레이션과 함께 분석되었으며 경로선정방식에 따라 로컬 QoS 라우팅의 성능이 매우 큰 영향을 받는다는 것을 확인하였다. Recently, localized QoS routing scheme was recently proposed for overcome drawbacks of global state QoS routing schemes. Localized QoS routing dose not exchange QoS states among routers, but use virtual capacity based routing scheme instead. In localized QoS routing, to archive good performance, a set of candidate paths must be selected between the source and the destination effectively. In this paper we propose a few heuristics for effective path selection and develop path selection algorithms based on the heuristics. More detail analysis of the proposed algorithm is presented with simulation results which demonstrate that the path selection method can very affect the performance of localized QoS routing.

A cost-benefit analysis of routes between the Trans-Korean and Trans-Siberian railways

Anna Eremina,Chan-Hyun Sohn 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2010 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.8 No.2

Recently the route connecting the trans-Korean railway and the trans-Siberian railway has become of particular interest for manny academics and policy-makers in East Asian countries. The extensive review of previous studies, however, reveals that literature on the subject is lacking solid analytical framework. Most studies are one-sided, focusing on the political aspects of the issue or paying little attention to the economic aspects of the problem. This study intends to develop an analytical framework through which the most efficient route among four major alternative routes connecting the trans-Korean and trans-Siberian railways can be identified. It attempts to assign priorities to the four alternative routes according to their level of economic efficiency. This study utilizes a simple cost-benefit analysis in evaluating the four routes. Cost side, transportation time, effectiveness of customs procedures, and gauge difference are selected as the main economic factors. The volume of cargo, industrial production in adjacent regions, access to natural resources, and market size and foreign investment climate are used to evaluate the benefits of the routes. The study concludes that Route 3, which connects ‘Busan-Seoul(South Korea)-Pyongyang-Sinuiju(North Korea)-Shenyang-Beijing-Erenhot(China)-Ulaanbaatar(Mongollia)-Ulan-Ude-Moscow(Russia)’ is the most efficient route.

A cost- benefit analysis of routes between the Trans-Korean and Trans-Siberian railways

Anno Eremina,손찬현 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2010 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.8 No.2

Recently the route connecting the trans-Korean railway and the trans-Siberian railway has become of particular interest for many academics and policy-makers in East Asian countries. The extensive review of previous studies, however, reveals that literature on the subject is lacking solid analytical framework. Most studies are one-sided, focusing on the political aspects of the issue or paying little attention to the economic aspects of the problem. This study intends to develop an analytical framework through which the most efficient route among four major alternative routes connecting the trans-Korean and trans-Siberian railways can be identified. It attempts to assign priorities to the four alternative routes according to their level of economic efficiency. This study utilizes a simple cost-benefit analysis in evaluating the four routes. Cost side,transportation time, effectiveness of customs procedures, and gauge difference are selected as the main economic factors. The volume of cargo, industrial production in adjacent regions, access to natural resources, and market size and foreign investment climate are used to evaluate the benefits of the routes. The study concludes that Route 3, which connects ‘Busan - Seoul (South Korea)– Pyongyang -Sinuiju (North Korea)– Shenyang– Beijing - Erenhot (China)– Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia)– Ulan-Ude -Moscow (Russia)’ is the most efficient route.

환경비용을 고려한 수출입컨테이너 화물의 운송경로 선택에 관한 연구

김상현(Sang-Hyun Kim),고창두(Chang-Doo Koh) 한국항해항만학회 2003 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.27 No.2

본 논문에서는 운송시간과 운송비용으로 구성된 희생량 모델과 운송경로의 환경비용을 이용한 수출입 컨테이너화물의 운송경로 선택에 관하여 고찰한다. 먼저 희생량 모델, 운송의 환경비용, 수출입 컨테이너화물의 물동량과 운송경로별 분담율에 대하여 간단히 살펴본다. 그리고 부산항의 수출입 컨테이너화물을 서울로 운송하는 경우를 가정하고 운송시간과 운송비용, 화물의 운송에 의하여 발생하는 환경비용에 대하여 고찰한다. 또한 환경비용을 고려한 희생량 모델을 이용하여 각 운송경로별 희생량을 계산한다. 마지막으로 계산된 운송경로의 희생량에 기초하여 수출입컨테이너 화물의 운송경로를 결정한다. 본 연구의 결과, 운송의 환경비용을 고려하는 경우 수출입컨테이너의 육상운송 분담율이 감소하며 연안운송 분담율이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. In this paper, we investigate the selection of transport route for import-export container cargo based on the sacrifice model and em ironmental cost of transport route. At first, the sacrifice model, environmental cost of transport, the volumes and the transport share of import-export container cargo are investigated briefly. And next, the transport time and cost, the environmental cost which is caused by cargo transport are investigated for the transport of import-export container cargo from Busan Port to Seoul. And also we calculate the sacrifice of each route by using the sacrifice model including the environmental cost. Finally we decide the transport route of import-export container cargo by using the sacrifice of each transport route. From the research results, we confirm that the road transport share decreases and the coastal transport share increases when the environmental coast of transport is considered.

Energy Efficient and Secure Multipoint Relay Selection in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

( Anjali Anand ),( Rinkle Rani ),( Himanshu Aggarwal ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.4

Nodes in MANETs are battery powered which makes energy an invaluable resource. In OLSR, MPRs are special nodes that are selected by other nodes to relay their data/control traffic which may lead to high energy consumption of MPR nodes. Therefore, employing energy efficient MPR selection mechanism is imperative to ensure prolonged network lifetime. However, misbehaving MPR nodes tend to preserve their energy by dropping packets of other nodes instead of forwarding them. This leads to huge energy loss and performance degradation of existing energy efficient MPR selection schemes. This paper proposes an energy efficient secure MPR selection (ES-MPR) technique that takes into account both energy and security metrics for MPR selection. It introduces the concept of `Composite Eligibility Index` (CEI) to examine the eligibility of a node for being selected as an MPR. CEI is used in conjunction with willingness to provide distinct selection parameters for Flooding and Routing MPRs. Simulation studies reveal the efficiency of ES-MPR in selection of energy efficient secure and stable MPRs, in turn, prolonging the network operational lifetime.