Effect of Aging on the Xylene Metabolism in CCI_4-Induced Liver Damaged Rats

Kim, Hyun-Hee,Yoon, Chong-Guk 대한의생명과학회 2001 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.7 No.3

To investigate an effect of aging on the xylene metabolism in liver damaged animals, a study was conducted. 50% carbon tetrachloride (CCI_4) in olive oil (0.1 ml/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally given to 5-week and 12-week rats 12 times every other day and then one dose of 50% xylene in olive oil (0.25 ml/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally given to the rats, and after 24 hr, the animals were sacrificed. On the basis of the functional findings in rat liver, ie, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase activity, liver protein and malonedialdehyde contents, 5-week rats showed less liver damage than 12-week rats. The increasing rate of urinary methylhippuric acid concentration to the control was significantly higher in 5-week rats in case of xylene treatment after induction of liver damage. On the other hand, liver damaged 5-week rats showed significant rise of hepatic cytochrome P450 content compared with the liver damaged 12-week rats by the xylene treatment. And increasing rate of hepatic alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activities to each liver damaged animals was higher tendency in 5- week rats than 12-week rats by the xylene treatment. In conclusion, 5-week rats showed greater metabolic rate of xylene than 10-week rats in case of liver injury because 5-week rats led to a slight liver damaged compared with 12-week rats.

Effect of Aging on the Xylene Metabolism in $CCl_4$-Induced Liver Damaged Rats

Kim, Hyun-Hee,Yoon, Chong-Guk 대한의생명과학회 2001 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.7 No.3

To investigate an effect of aging on the xylene metabolism in liver damaged animals, a study was conducted. 50% carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in olive oil (0.1 ml/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally given to 5-week and 12-week rats 12 times every other day and then one dose of 50% xylene in olive oil (0.25 ml/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally given to the rats, and after 24 hr, the animals were sacrificed. On the basis of the functional findings in rat liver, ie, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase activity, liver protein and malonedialdehyde contents, 5-week rats showed less liver damage than 12-week rats. The increasing rate of urinary methylhippuric acid concentration to the control was significantly higher in 5-week rats than 12-week rats in case of xylene treatment after induction of liver damage. On the other hand, liver damaged 5-week rats showed significant rise of hepatic cytochrome P45O content compared with the liver damaged 12-week rats by the xylene treatment. And increasing rate of hepatic alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activities to each liver damaged animals was higher tendency in 5-week rats than 12-week rats by the xylene treatment. In conclusion, 5-week rat showed greater metabolic rate of xylene than 10-week rats in case of liver injury because 5-week rats led to a slight liver damaged compared with 12-week rats.

발암제(DEN) 투여 rat의 간암 진행상태의 기능학적 및 형태학적 변화와 항암제(5-FU) 처리효과 시험

김철호 ( Cheol Ho Kim ),천성화 ( Sung Hwa Cheon ),박종식 ( Jong Sik Bhak ),( Min Hee Kim ),김남철 ( Nam Cheol Kim ),강정부 ( Chung Boo Kang ) 한국가축위생학회 2006 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

This study is concerned with assessment of diethylnitrosamine(DEN 0.01%) induced liver cell carcinogenesis by measurement of changes preceding the development of neoplasms. Therefore, it was undertaken to investigate changes of liver-specific enzyme activities in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats by ad libitum feeding of DEN. And also, the changes of hepatic morphology in SD rats were detected by haematoxylin-eosin stain and immunohistochemistry(PCNA). 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU) is one of the most widely used anticancer agents for digestive cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, and is known to affect the cell cycle and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. In the present study, SD rats were given drinking water containing 0.01% diethylnitro-samine(DEN) for 8 weeks. Minor behavioral change, brittleness of hair and decreased amount of water and diet intake were observed in rats 4 weeks after DEN administration. The body and liver weights were significantly( p< 0.05) decreased in rats 11 weeks after DEN administration. The liver weight ratio to body weight was rather stable and not significantly decreased in the all treatment groups. The liver specific enzyme activities (AST, ALT, γ-GTP) were significantly increased in all treatment groups compared to control group ( p< 0.05). Variable size of liver tumor and hepatomegaly were observed in rats treated with DEN after 10 weeks. Numerous vacuoles were seen on the midzonal and or peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. The large and polymorphological hepatocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasm or densely basophilic mitotic nucleoli were seen. Several proliferative small round cells were seen on vacuolated and necrotic areas in peripheral hepatic lobules or portal areas. PCNA-positive cells were seen on the vacuolated portal areas and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules in the areas of small round cells. We examined functional and morphological changes of livers by 5-FU treatments on DEN-treated rat. The DEN-treated rats compared to 5-FU-treated rats after DEN treatment for 8 weeks. The serum total protein and triglyceride were significantly( p< 0.05) decreased, and the liver enzyme activities of AST and ALT were significantly( p< 0.05) increased. After 8 weeks, in the non-5- FU-treated group, the size of liver tumor were varied and hepatomegaly were observed, hepatocellular vacuolization, necrosis and steatosis were observed on the midzonal and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. The large and polymorphological hepatocytes were seen, the interlobular connective tissues were proliferated. PCNA positive cells were seen in the portal areas and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules in the non-5-FU-treated group. In hepatocytes, condensation of nuclear chromatin and vacuolization were observed, shape of the nuclei were irregular, the degraded nuclei and organelles were observed. The livers of rats in the 5-FU treatment group were seen grossly brilliant, red-brown color, and the vacuolated and degenerated regions, hyperplastic nodules were not nearly observed. In the electron microscope, the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes contained a large number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, developed organelles surrounding nuclei. The above findings suggest that 5-FU will be effective as anti-liver tumor drug.

Effect of Cyclohexanone Treatment on the Serum Levels of Glutathione S-Transferase Activities in Acute Liver Damaged Rats

Park, Hye-Jung,Yoon, Chong-Guk 대한의생명과학회 2001 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.7 No.4

To evaluate an effect of cyclohexanone (CHO) treatment on the serum levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in acute liver damaged animals, acute liver damage was induced in rats with pretreatment of 50% $CCl_4$ in olive oil (0.1 ml/100 g body wt) intraperitoneally 14 times every other day. To liver damaged rats, CHO (1.56 g/kg body wt, i. p.) was injected once and then rats were sacrificed at 4 hours after injection of CHO. Increasing rate of GST activity to the control in serum was higher in CHO-treated rats pretreated with CCL$_4$ than the $CCl_4$-pretreated those. All the more, the injection of CHO to the liver damaged rats led to more enhanced liver damage on the basis of liver functional findings, i. e., serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, liver weight per body weight, and malondialdehyde content. The changing pattern of serum ALT activity was similar with that of GST activity, whereas that of liver in both enzymes differed more or less from each other; the liver GST activity in CHO-treated rats pretreated with $CCl_4$ being more increased tendency than that of $CCl_4$-pretreated rats. Concomitantly the injection of CHO showed a increasing tendency of liver GST activity compared with the control. Furthermore, CHO injection to the liver damaged rats showed somewhat higher Vmax in the kinetics of liver GST enzymes. In conclusion, injection of CHO to the liver damaged animals led to more increased activity of serum GST, and it may be chiefly caused by the alteration of membrane permeability.

Effect of Cyclohexanone Treatment on the Serum Levels of Glutathione S-Transferase Activities in Acute Liver Damaged Rats

Choi, Hye-Jung,Yoon, Chong-Guk 대한의생명과학회 2001 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.7 No.4

To evaluate an effect of cyclohexanone (CHO) treatment on the serum levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in acute liver damaged animals, acute liver damage was induced in rats with pretreatment of 50% CC1_4 in olive oil (0.1 ml/100 g body wt) intraperitoneally 14 times every other day. To liver damaged rats, CHO (1.56 g/kg body wt, i. p.) was injected once and then rats were sacrificed at 4 hours after injection of CHO. Increasing rate of GST activity to the control in serum was higher in CHO-treated rats pretreated with CC1_4 than the CC1_4-pretreated those. All the more, the injection of CHO to the liver damaged rats led to more enhanced liver damage on the basis of liver functional findings, i. e., serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, liver weight per body weight, and malondialdehyde content. The changing pattern of serum ALT activity was similar with that of GST activity, whereas that of liver in both enzymes differed more or less from each other; the liver GST activity in CHO-treated rats pretreated with CC1_4 being more increased tendency than that of CC1_4-pretreated rats. Concomitantly the injection of CHO showed a increasing tendency of liver GST activity compared with the control. Furthemore, CHO injection to the liver damaged rats showed somewhat higher Vmax in the kinetics of liver GST enzymes. In conclusion, injection of CHO to the liver damaged animals led to more increased activity of serum GST, and it may be chiefly caused by the alteration of membrane permeability.

머위(Petasites japonicus maxim)를 급여한 rat와 mouse에 대한 병리학적 관찰 I. 육안적 및 병리조직학적 관찰

지영흔,이차수,Jee, Young-heun,Lee, Cha-soo 대한수의학회 1996 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.36 No.2

In order to know the toxic effect and carcinogenic activity in rats and mice fed with juice of Korean native Petasites japonicus Maxim of its pellet(4% or 8%) which were dried, milled and mixed with basal diet, the investigations were carried out by macroscopy and histopathology. Macroscopically, although remarkable changes were not observed in the liver of mice, there were slight to moderate swelling of rat livers in the whole groups at 12 to 14 weeks after feeding and milky spots in rats fed with its juice and 8% pelleted Petasites japonicus Maxim diet and a normal diet for 1 week alternatively for 14 weeks. Moreover, moderate to severe swelling and milk spots were recognized in livers of all rats fed with its juice and 8% pellet or 8% pelleted Petasites japonicus Maxim for 16 weeks. But, in cases of rats fed with its juice and 4% pellet or 4% pelleted Petasites japonicus Maxim, only swelling of livers was recognized moderately or severely. Histopathologically, major lesions were found in livers of both rats and mice. There were congestion, hemorrhage, fatty change, focal necrosis, megalocytosis and hyperplasia of endothelial cell in livers of mice and rats, the additional lesions such as proliferation of bile duct and nodular regeneration with diffuse regenerating cells were seen in livers of rats. In addition, preneoplastic lesions, the areas of milky spots macroscopically, were observed in livers of rats fed with Petasites japonicus Maxim for 14 to 16 weeks. In a few cases, haemangioendothelial sarcoma in livers was detected in rats fed with Petasites japonicus Maxim for 16 weeks. Petasites japonicus maxim growing naturally in Korea seem to exhibit toxic effect especially in liver and it contained a causative agent of primary liver tumors.

급성 간손상 실험동물에 Cyclohexanone투여가 Oxygen Free Radical 대사효소 활성에 미치는 영향

김현희,조현성,윤종국 한국환경보건학회 2002 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Effect of cyclohexanone treatment on the activities oxygen free radical and cyclohexanone metabolizing enzyme in acute liver damaged rats, was investigated. Acute liver damage was induced in rats with pretreatment of 50% $CCl_4$ in olive oil(0.1ml/100g body wt) intraperitoneally 3 times every other day. Cyclohexanone(1.56g/kg body wt, i.p.) was administered to the animals 24 hours after the last Pretreatment of CC1$_4$. Rats were sacrificed at 4 hours after injection of cyclohexanone. On the basis of liver weight/body weight(%), serum levels alanine aminotransferase activity and hepatic protein content, cyclohexanone treatment to acute liver damaged animals led to the more enhanced liver damage. On the other hand, injection of cyclohexanone to the rats led to the increased activities of hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent aniline hydroxylase and xanthine oxidase. Furthermore, by treatment of cyclohexanone to the acute liver damaged rats hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was more increased than the $CCl_4$ treated rats. In case of oxygen free radical scavenging system, the hepatic glutathione content and the activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase were generally increased by injection of cyclohexanone to rats, and the hepatic glutathione content, catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities were more decreased in liver damaged rats by the treatment of cyclohexanone. In conclusion, the cyclohexanone treatment to acute liver damaged rats led to enhancement of liver damage that may be due to oxygen free radical together with cyclohexanone.

고지방 식이에 의한 흰쥐의 지방간증에서 오미재 추출물의 간보호 효과

송윤오 ( Yun O Song ),이수정 ( Soo Jung Lee ),박현준 ( Hyoung Joon Park ),장선희 ( Sun Hee Jang ),정병엽 ( Byung Yeoup Chung ),송영민 ( Young Min Song ),김곤섭 ( Gon Sup Kim ),조재현 ( Jae Hyeon Cho ) 한국동물위생학회 2013 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.36 No.1

The purpose of the present study is to determine whether Schisandra chinensis (SC) has a protective effect on high fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver including hepatic lipid accumulation in rats. The HFD-induced obese rats were weighed after SC extracts were administered through the gastrointestinal tract at a concentration of 250 mg/kg b.w/day for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks, all of the rats on a high fat-diet were 36.5% heavier compared with normal controls. In contrast, rats on a high-fat diet supplemented with SC were 23.5% lighter than rats fed only a high-fat diet. Although there was no significant difference in food intake among the groups during the experimental diet period, the body weight gain of the SC group was significantly lower than the weights of the HFD groups. SC treatment slightly decreased the liver weight. Reduction of hepatic TBARS contents by SC was observed in rats fed a diet containing SC, and antioxidant activity was markedly increased in HFD+SC group compared to those of HFD group in liver. Moreover, total-lipid and triglyceride contents in the liver of groups fed a diet containing SC were significantly lower compared to those of the HFD group. High fat feeding elevated liver cholesterol concentration, but the addition of SC to the HFD rats resulted in the significant decrease in liver cholesterol. In histological observation of liver tissues, the hepatocytes of HFD rats showed a typical fatty liver morphology showing numerous lipid droplets in cytoplasm, whereas administration of SC reduced the size and numbers of lipid droplets. These results clearly demonstrated the attenuation of SC on nonalcoholic fatty liver induced by obese rats fed HFD.

Diethylnitrosamine 을 투여한 rat 간장의 tumorigenesis에 관하여 1. 간장의 육안적 소견

곽수동,강정부,하우송,Kwak, Soo-dong,Kang, Chung-boo,Ha, Woo-song 대한수의학회 1998 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.38 No.2

The study was designated to investigate the gross findings following treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats. Forty four male rats (Sprague Dawley), initially 5 to 6 weeks of age and 120 to 150gm in body weight were continuously given water containing 0.01% DEN for 13 weeks and 3~6 rats per week were randomly sacrified at intervals of a week from 8 weeks to 17 weeks. The numbers of rats died until 17 weeks were 11 rats and first death occurred at 10 weeks. Body, liver and spleen weights were weighed and the relative weight levels of the liver and spleen per body weights were increased from 4.4% and 0.5% at control groups to 15.1% and 1.1% at 17 weeks. The numbers of RBC were not varied but PCV were decreased from 44.5% in control group to 27.5% in 16 weeks. A few of greyish-white foci or nodules of tumors were developed or not on the surfaces of the livers at 8 weeks but were developed on all livers after 9 weeks. The diameter of the largest tumor from all rat livers was 35.8 mm at 12 weeks. The numbers of developed tumors per a rat liver were appeared to be about 20 in 13 weeks and about 50~60 in 17 weeks. The diameter of some larger tumors were found to be 3~9mm in 13 weeks and 7~15mm in 17 weeks and more number of tumors were developed in the visceral surfaces than in the diaphragmatic surfaces of the livers. The parenchymae of livers were fragility.

The Effect of Selenium and Chitosan on the Cadmium Toxicity in Rat Hairs and Liver

( Il Sou Yoo ),( Kyung Soon Choi ),( Jong Soon Lee ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2008 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.5 No.4

The object of this work is to investigate that chitosan and selenium influence to rat`s cadmium toxicity and it helped to conclude like these with experiments which is finding what influence is taken chitosan and selenium to rat`s hair and liver. (1) To compare with the county of only eaten cadmium(control group) and the county of eaten chitosan and selenium in mix, the capacity of condensed cadmium at rat`s liver in county of investigating is lower than control group with mindful gap.(P < 0.05) (2) It showed lower value at the capacity of condensed in county of investigating than control group within albino rat`s hair and yet there is not mindful gap. (3) It showed higher value at the capacity of condensed metallothionein in county of investigating than control group(B) and there is mindful gap.(P < 0.05) (4) For measuring of glutathione-s-transferase activity within rat`s liver we made the county what albino rat eat feed mixed with 0.03% cadmium. And the result showed higer value of investigating county than control group(B) and yet there is not mindful gap. (5) At comparing of county of only eaten cadmium and county of eaten chitosan and selenium in mix with measurement of glutathione-peroxidase activities in albino rat`s liver, we can see the mindful gap.(P < 0.05) With allover results like these, we can know about eating chitosan and selenium in mix is effective at counteract of poisonous within rat`s hair and liver.