프랑스 민법상 소멸시효에 관한 합의

정다영 한국민사법학회 2015 民事法學 Vol.71 No.-

Par la loi du 17 juin 2008, les textes du titre XX du livre Ⅲ du Code civil français ont été modifiés substantiellement. L’aménagement conventionnel de la prescription était une grande avancée de la réforme. D'abord, la loi permet une modification du délai nominal de la prescription. Il était capital de raccourcir la longueur de la prescription de droit commun jugée excessive dans une perspective d’harmonisation du droit européen. Ensuite, le Code civil français a modifié les conditions de validité des conventions relatives à la prescription. Par le passé, la jurisprudence admettait la validité des clauses abrégeant le délai, mais refusait celle des clauses par lesquelles les parties allongeaient le délai applicable. Aujourd'hui, le droit de la prescription étend la liberté contractuelle, en permettant aux parties d’allonger, dans la limite de dix ans, ou de réduire, dans la limite d’un an, la durée de la prescription. Comme la jurisprudence précédente, il leur donne également la possibilité d’ajouter aux causes d’interruption ou de suspension de la prescription fixées par le code civil. Mais il demeure une incertitude liée au point de savoir si un aménagement conventionnel du point de départ de la prescription doit être autorisé. Depuis 2008, les propositions de réforme du droit des obligations élaborées dans le cadre des travaux de l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques s'achèvent par des règles relatives aux autres sources d’obligation, au régime général des obligations et à leur preuve. Les parties ne peuvent fixer le point de départ de la prescription à une date antérieure à celle où le créancier était en droit d'agir, événement qui marque normalement le point de départ de la prescription. Même si la réforme a accentué le caractère d’intérêt privé de la prescription civile en droit français, il y a des domaines où la prescription échappe à la liberté contractuelle. Le principe selon lequel aucun aménagement ne peut avoir pour objet de faire échec au délai butoir, qui est d'ordre public, est expressément affirmé. En plus, aucun aménagement de la prescription n'est possible en présence de créances périodiques ou de créances relatives à des dommages corporels. Et les parties au contrat d'assurance et consommation ne peuvent, même d’un commun accord, ni modifier la durée de la prescription, ni ajouter aux causes de suspension ou d’interruption de celle-ci. Cette réforme offre donc de nouvelles et nombreuses dispositions concernant les conventions relatives à la prescription.

Prescription of Systemic Steroids for Acute Respiratory Infections in Korean Outpatient Settings: Overall Patterns and Effects of the Prescription Appropriateness Evaluation Policy

Kim, Taejae,Do, Young Kyung The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2020 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.53 No.2

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify individual and institutional factors associated with the prescription of systemic steroids in patients with acute respiratory infections and to investigate the role of a policy measure aimed to reduce inappropriate prescriptions. Methods: We used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2006 to 2015 and focused on episodes of acute respiratory infection. Descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to identify individual-level and institution-level factors associated with the prescription of systemic steroids. In addition, steroid prescription rates were compared with antibiotic prescription rates to assess their serial trends in relation to Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) Prescription Appropriateness Evaluation policy. Results: Among a total of 9 460 552 episodes of respiratory infection, the steroid prescription rate was 6.8%. Defined daily doses/1000 persons/d of steroid increased gradually until 2009, but rose sharply since 2010. The steroid prescription rate was higher among ear, nose and throat specialties (13.0%) than other specialties, and in hospitals (8.0%) than in tertiary hospitals (3.0%) and other types of institutions. Following a prolonged reduction in the steroid prescription rate, this rate increased since the HIRA Prescription Appropriateness Evaluation dropped steroids from its list of evaluation items in 2009. Such a trend reversal was not observed for the prescription rate of antibiotics, which continue to be on the HIRA Prescription Appropriateness Evaluation list. Conclusions: Specialty and type of institution are important correlates of steroid prescriptions in cases of acute respiratory infection. Steroid prescriptions can also be influenced by policy measures, such as the HIRA Prescription Appropriateness Evaluation policy.

부동산 점유취득시효 완성자의 법적지위

김대규 원광대학교 법학연구소 2007 圓光法學 Vol.23 No.2

A great number of studies have been conducted so far to determine the significance of the system for prescription of real property possession, reasons for it's existence, legislating procedures and conditions. The present study, thus, focuses exclusively on the legal status to be acquired after a prescription for real property is completed. What comes in issue firstly in terms of the legal status upon completion of a prescription for real property possession is whether the owner of a real property is able to apply for acquisition of claim for registration for the purpose of acquiring possession although he can't get the possession immediately upon completion of prescription for possession. Majority and legal precedents view such status as a thing in action, while minority supports the theory of real rights that perceives that those who complete prescription can acquire the there is also theory or actual ownership upon completion of prescription. Besides, there is also theory of legal trust in name that is deemed as a reasonable method to take advantage of theory of real fights while adjusting conflicting interests between the acquirer of prescription and the third acquirer reasonably. You may well wonder, however, if the conventional theories and judicial precedents have placed too much weight on protecting the legal status of prescription performer in terms of prescription for real property possession, compared to its relationship with the 3rd party. It is, therefore, adequate to adopt the theory of thing in action subject to the proviso that it can't be claimed whether the change in name is made before or after expiration of prescription once the title is transferred. What is important for the party who applies for registration upon completion of prescription is who will be the owner indicated on the register at the time when possession begins. This is because the Civil Law Act of Korea stipulates that it is not proper to protect the performer of prescription for a real property at the cost of the 3rd party who faithfully performs the legal obligations. What is argued in this connection secondly is if the possession acquired by the performer of prescription in terms of possession of real property is an acquisition by origin or by succession. Majority affirm it as an acquisition by origin while minority considers it an acquisition by succession. The legal precedents do not take any definite stand in this regard, inclined to siding with the acquisition by succession, thought. According to an explanation of the majority which favor acquisition by origin, the possession which constitutes basis for prescription of acquisition but is limited by the right of others(e.g. the right of region) is acquired, since all restrictions imposed upon the prior possessor whill vanish unjustly at the completion of possession under the theory of acquisition by origin. However, such explanation can't be applied to the right of others (e.g mortgage) which have nothing to do with possession. Acquisition by succession should be deemed justifiable in view of transfer registration of possession. The third issue in this context is if the right to claim for compensation in substitute will be allowed to the performer of prescription for real property possession. Although the Korean Civil Law Act does not expressly stipulate such right, theories and legal precedents in general approach to it positively. What still remains a problem awaiting solution is whether the right to claim for compensation in substitute can also be given to the prescription of real property possession. In this regard, theories are divided into positive and negative standpoints and legal precedents are not consistent, either. It seems, however, appropriate to recognize the right to claim for compensation in substitute when the performer of prescription has claimed the acquisition by prescription for reason of completion of prescription or has already exercised the right to claim for registration, even though the right for compensation in substitute can't be allowed to the acquisitor of prescription for reason of completion of possession.

2010년 민법개정안과현행 민법.상법.도산법.조세법의소멸시효 비교연구

최성근(Seong-Keun Choi) 한국비교사법학회 2010 比較私法 Vol.17 No.3

The passage of time sometimes makes a person have a right, and sometimes makes her or him lose a right. The latter is called “extinctive prescription”. After the expiry of the period of extinctive prescription to a certain debt, the debtor don't have to pay the debt. The draft bill of 2010 Civil Act Amendment gives a notice of large-scale change to the systems of extinctive prescription. The draft bill deals with 5 parts on prescription. They are the period of extinctive prescription including the initial date, interruption(renewal) and suspension of extinctive prescription, the effect of completion of extinctive prescription, acquisitive prescription, and the period for exercise of a right including the period of exclusion. The draft bill shortens the period of extinctive prescription to 5 years with subjective conditions from 10 years with objective conditions. The draft bill eliminates the provisions of short-term extinctive prescription in Civil Act. And the draft bill reduces the reasons for interruption(renewal) of extinctive prescription, and extends the reasons for suspension of it. This paper analyzes the systems of short-term extinctive prescription and interruption(renewal)ㆍsuspensionㆍpostponement of completion of extinctive prescription in the draft bill of 2010 Civil Act Amendment and in other current acts such as Civil Act, Commercial Act, Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act, Framework Act on National Taxes, Framework Act on Local Taxes, etc.. And it presents some opinions on the legislation and the construction to harmonize Civil Act and other current acts concerning extinctive prescription.

연구논문 : 제1차 점유취득시효 완성 후 저당권이 설정된 경우 제2차 취득시효가 인정될 것인지 여부 -일본판례 및 학설을 참조하여-

서종희 ( Jong Hee Seo ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2014 법학논총 Vol.38 No.3

Generally speaking, If owner transfers ownership of the real estate after first acquisitive prescription by possession, possessor may not claim completion of acquisitive prescription by possession to buyer(third principles of precedents on acquisitive prescription by possession). Howerever, according to the Korean Supreme Court, notwithstanding that the point of time, when the owner has been changed from the original possessor to the new one, is reckoned as the starting point, the possessor may reckon the starting point of new acquisitive prescription by possession from the point of time when the ownership has been transferred to the third party in case the prescription has been expired as well as may claim for the completion of the secondary acquisitive prescription(third principles of precedents on acquisitive prescription by possession). In Japan, there was a dispute between Japanese Supreme Court Decision delivered on March 16, 2012 and Japanese Supreme Court Decision delivered on October 31, 2003 about judgement applicability of fifth principle of precedents on acquisitive prescription by possession, when owner takes out a mortgage after first acquisitive prescription by possession. Consequently, the Japanese Supreme Court decided that the possessor claims secondary acquisitive prescription to the mortgagee(who acquire mortgage) after first acquisitive prescription. In this case, mortgagee shall interrupt extinguishment of mortgage by asking for the approval of mortgage to possessor.

소멸시효의 기산점(민법 제166조 제1항) 판단기준에 대한 고찰- 종래 통설 및 판례에 대한 비판적 입장에서 -

서종희 한국재산법학회 2020 재산법연구 Vol.37 No.1

In order to consider those who are victimized by the extinctive prescription system, the law of set-off and prescription of each country recognize the delay of commencement of extinctive prescription, the prolongation of prescription’s term, the provision of a suspension and interrupting of extinctive prescription, or the waiving of benefit of prescription. In the end, it is the decision of legislators to properly apply the extinctive prescription system and protection of rights holders. The Supreme Court case in Korea does not consider the possibility of the creditor's exercise of rights in determining the starting point of extinctive prescription. However, the precedent is not valid in that the 10-year extinctive prescription is short-term, and that creditors who could not actually exercise their rights should be protected. In short, the term “the time it becomes possible to exercise a certain right” should serve as a general standard that reflects the possibility of exercising his/her rights. Therefore, the precedent of judging the commencement of extinctive prescription with or without legal obstacles should be changed. International legislative trends have also been revised to take into account the possibility of the creditor's exercise of rights. Ultimately, I hope that this issue will be resolved through the revision of the Civil Code. 소멸시효제도에 의해 희생되는 권리자를 배려하기 위해 각국의 시효법은 시효의 진행시점을 늦추거나, 시효의 기간을 장기로 하거나 또는 시효의 정지·중단 및 시효이익의 포기 등을 인정한다. 이는 결국 시효제도와 권리자 보호를 적절하게 중용하고자 하는 입법자의 결단이라고 할 수 있다. 법률상 장애설로 볼 수 있는 우리 판례는 기산점을 판단함에 있어 채권자의 권리행사 가능성을 고려하지 않는다. 그러나 10년이라는 채권의 시효기간이 사실상 장애를 배려한 것으로 보기에는 단기라는 점, 시효의 존재이유를 고려하더라도 실질적으로 권리를 행사할 수 없었던 채권자는 보호되어야 한다는 점에서 법률상 장애설을 취하고 있는 판례는 타당하지 않다. 요컨대 ‘권리를 행사할 수 있을 때’라는 기산점은 권리행사 가능성을 반영할 수 있는 일반기준으로서 역할을 해야 한다. 최근 일본이나 우리의 판례가 법률상 장애설을 취하면서도 특정한 개별사건에서 객관적 기산점을 판단함에 있어 사실상 장애를 고려하여 완화된 기준을 적용하는 것도 같은 맥락으로 바라볼 수 있다. 향후 우리 판례가 소멸시효의 기산점과 관련하여 법률상 장애설을 취하면서 그 예외의 외연을 어디까지 확장할 것인지에 귀추가 주목된다. 생각건대 법률상 장애설을 취하면서 그 예외를 인정하는 것보다는 그 예외를 포섭할 수 있는 권리행사가능성설을 취하면서, 법률상 장애를 당연히 그 권리행사가능성을 판단함에 있어 하나의 필요조건으로 고려하는 방법이 더 논리적이라는 점에서 판례의 획기적인 변경을 기대해 본다.

입원 환자의 투약 처방 중 과오 처방 분석

박진수,김보영,윤덕심 한국병원약사회 1994 병원약사회지 Vol.11 No.3

Accurate and safe prescription is the most important thing for the pharmacists to dispense medicine. We have investigated prescription-inquiries issued for erroneous prescription in inpatient at Korea University Anam Hospital for the period of 11 months (Oct. 1992~Aug. 1993). The study shows that frequency of prescription-inquiries was about 1.2%(1,805 out of 147,522 total prescription). In the part of prescription-inquiries based on clinical department, Gastroenterology(GE) marked the highest rate (13.7%). The rate of erroneous prescription per each department was Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery(CS) 2.39%, Nephrology(NE) 2.19%, Neurosurgery(NS) 1.46%. The inquired contents could be classified as follows, doage 57.3%, drug name 20.3%, insufficient writing of prescription to the rule 8.3%. The details of prescription-inquires relate on pharmacological action was gastrointestinal drugs 23.5%, habit-forming medicine 14.2%, cardiovascular drugs 13.5%. As a result of the study, it is recommended that the systemic education for the doctors needs to get rid of prescription errors.

부동산에 대한 점유취득시효완성을 둘러싼문제점에 대한 검토

윤일구 전남대학교 법학연구소 2013 법학논총 Vol.33 No.3

민법은 소유권 취득에 관한 하나의 방법으로 취득시효제도를 두고 있는데, 이는 오랜 기간 동안 일정한 부동산이나 동산을 점유한 자에게 소유권을 인정하는 제도로 로마법에 그 기원을 두고 있다. 그리고 민법에서 규정한 취득시효제도에 따라 발생하는다양한 문제에 대해 법원은 일관성 있는 판례이론을 형성하였다. 그런데 이러한 취득시효에 관한 판례이론은 일본의 영향을 받았고, 문제는 일본에서조차 이러한 이론에 대해 많은 논란이 있다는 점이다. 특히 이와 관련하여 문제되는 것은 시효기간 완성 전에소유자가 자신의 소유권을 제3자에게 처분하였는지, 아니면 시효기간 완성 후에 처분하였는지에 따라 점유 취득자가 자신의 취득시효 완성을 가지고 새로운 소유자에게 대항할 수 있는지의 여부가 결정된다는 점이다. 문제는 이러한 판례이론을 뒷받침하기위한 합리적이고 논리적인 논거가 부족하다는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 다음의순서에 따라 이러한 문제점에 대한 검토를 하였다. 제2장에서는 로마법상 취득시효제도의 기원을 고찰하였다. 그 이유는 취득시효제도를 인정하는 이유가 무엇인가를 파악하기 위함이었으며, 그 결과를 가지고 취득시효에관한 판례이론을 검토하기 위한 토대로 삼기 위해서였다. 요컨대 취득시효는 진정 소유자를 보호하기 위한 것이며, 단순히 오랜 기간 부동산이나 동산을 점유하였기 때문에점유 취득자를 보호하기 위한 것은 아니라는 것이었다. 제3장에서는 이러한 취득시효가 비교법적으로 어떤 모습으로 현행 각국의 민법에 반영되었는지를 고찰하였다. 제4장에서는 부동산에 대한 점유취득시효를 둘러싼 판례이론의 문제점을 검토하고대안을 제시하였다. 특히 취득시효 기간 완성 전과 후를 기점으로 진정 소유자로부터부동산의 소유권을 이전 받은 제3자가 보호받지 못하는 것은 논리적으로 문제가 있음을 밝혔다. 결론적으로 비논리적인 이러한 문제점은 민법의 개정이나 축소해석을 통해 이루어질 수밖에 없는데, 최근 민법개정안 중의 취득시효와 관련하여, 점유 취득자의 시효취득을 어렵게 만드는 입법은 이런 측면에서 바람직하다. 또한 이렇게 해석하는 것이 본래 취득시효제도의 존재이유에 부합하다고 할 것이다. Civil law takes the acquisitive prescription system as one of the ways to acquireownership. It is a system to acknowledge ownership of a person that has occupieda certain movable or immovable for a long period, and it has its origin in theRoman Law. And regarding a variety of issues generated from the acquisitiveprescription system prescribed by civil law, the court has built its consistent theoryof precedents. But the theory of precedents over acquisitive prescription has beeninfluenced by Japan, and the problem is that the theory is still controversial evenin Japan, too. A particular problem raised from this is that whether the ownersells his ownership to the third party before or after the expiration of theprescription period determines whether the acquisitor can fight against the newowner about the completion of acquisitive prescription. The theory of precedents,however, still lacks reasonable and logical grounds to support it. Therefore, thisarticle examined the matter with the following order:Chapter 2 considers the origin of the acquisitive prescription system based onthe Roman Law in order to figure out the reason to acknowledge the acquisitiveprescription system and also take it as the ground to examine the theory ofprecedents on acquisitive prescription based on the result. In brief, acquisitiveprescription is for protecting the real owner, and it is not to protect the acquisitorbecause he has occupied the movable or immovable simply for a long period. Chapter 3 examines how acquisitive prescription is reflected on the currentcivil law in different countries from the aspects of comparative law. Chapter 4 looks into the problems of precedent theory regarding acquisitiveprescription over immovables and suggests solutions for them. In particular, itproves that it is logically problematic that the third party who received theownership of an immovable from the real owner before or after the expirationof the prescription period is not being protected. In conclusion, this illogical problem can be solved only through the revisionor restrictive interpretation of the civil law. Regarding the bills of the civil law recently revised with regard to acquisitive prescription, the legislation to makean acquisitor’s prescription acquisition harder seems desirable from this point ofview. And it can be said that interpreting it in this way is more appropriate forthe reason why the acquisitive prescription system exists originally.

원외처방 관리업무를 통한 의료서비스 증진 활동

박소영,박정규,서지영,김성은,오철희,도선희,권윤원,곽경숙,박종민,김선자 한국병원약사회 2008 병원약사회지 Vol.25 No.4

Outpatient prescription examination work by hospital pharmacist prevent probable occurrence of pharmaceutical incidents and reduce patient's discomfort and mental suffering. Eventually, it provides good quality medical treatment to patients. Futhermore, it can contribute to hospital's finance by examining the content relating to curtailment of medical profit by insurance system. This research has been carried out to reduce the percentage of outpatient prescription reissue by enforcing outpatient prescription management work such as finding out the errors of dosage and directions and confirming the overlapping prescriptions of those patients who have examined over 2 clinics in the hospital on same day. For those outpatient prescription reference starting from January 2007 to May 2007, we have calculated the percentage of revision and reissue separately. Based on this result, we have strengthened outpatient prescription reference and compared those of June 2007 to October 2007. We have made improvement plans which include an addition and itemization of outpatient prescription reference list by going through investigation. After examining the prescription, we have computerized the record of the revised context and thus reduced the statistic omission and the statistic required time. Moreover, we have monthly notified medical departments of the prescription revision statistic context by phone calls and thus made the feedback system with medical departments. When referencing the monthly outpatient prescription, the percentage of revision has been increased by 54% (3.6% vs5.54%). Monthly outpatient prescription reissue has been reduced by 24% (1.1% vs 0.84%). It has been reduced greatly; in June 2007, before the start of the improvement activity it was 1.5% but in October 2007, it was 0.51%. It has significantly reduced patient's discomfort of comimg back from drugstore outside of hospital to hospital to issue a renewed prescription. To promote medical services for outpatient in the future, pharmacist's active outpatient prescription management work, feedback of medical departments, and computer program's maintenance and development are necessary. In addition, it would be possible to accomplish sustaining work development and patient's service improvement by the backing of obligating hospital pharmacists' outpatient prescription examination work.

프랑스 채권법 및 시효법 개정시안에서의 시효와 점유

남궁술 한국민사법학회 2009 民事法學 Vol.45 No.2

Cet article présente la partie 'de la prescription et de la possession(articles 2234 à 2281, Livre troisième - Titre XX)' de l'Avant-projet 2005 de réforme du droit des obligations et du droit de la prescription. Comme souligne M. Ph. Malaurie dans l'Exposé des motifs, le régime préexitant de la prescription en matière civile française présente trois défauts essentiels : le premier concerne la longueur excessive du délais de la prescription de droit commun (30 ans) ; le second concerne la multiplicité des délais ; et le troisième réside dans les imprécisions et les incohérences de son régime causées principalement par le prétoriennisme du juge. Pour résoudre ces problèmes de défauts, l'Avant-projet propose de simplifier, de clarifier et d'assouplir le régime de la prescription. En premier lieu, comme le moyen de simplification, l'Avant-projet propose de réduire de longues et multples délais en trois : 3 ans de de la prescription de droit commun ; 10 ans des prescriptions particulières ; et 10 ans et 20 ans de délais butoirs. En second lieu, pour clarifier le régime, l'Avant-projet supprime des délais préfix, faire disparaî̂tre l'interversion de la prescription extinctive, n'admet que deux causes d'interruption de la prescription en transformant d'autres causes en causes de suspension, et installe de nouvelles articles concernant les causes de suspension. En troisième lieu, pour assouplir le régime; l'Avant-projet propose d'y introduire la liberté contractuelle, comme le font actuellement le droit allemand et les principes du droit européen des contrats.