The Urban Space of the Motions and Emotions of Human Bodies in Mobile Networks

Heesang Lee(이희상) 대한지리학회 2006 대한지리학회지 Vol.41 No.5

기계, 도시 그리고 육체는 오랜 시간 동안 함께 진화되어 왔으며, 최근 정보 통신 기술의 발달은 도시와 육체를 새로운 형태로 변형시켜 왔다. 본 논문은, 기계, 도시 그리고 육체의 관계에 관심을 가지면서, 휴대폰 네트워크가 어떻게 도시의 물리적 공간과 육체의 심리적 공간과 관계되는지를 탐구한다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 네 개의 주요 절로 구성된다. 먼저 휴대폰 네트워크가 도시 공간과 인간 육체를 변형시키는 방식에 대한 이론적 검토를 제공한다. 둘째로, 한국에서 기술적 및 제도적 변화를 통한 휴대폰 네트워크의 형성을 설명한다. 셋째로, 일상 생활에서 휴대폰 이용자들의 활동 및 실천과 관련하여 휴대폰 네트워크의 사회-공간적 규모와 시-공간 경관을 살펴본다. 마지막으로, 휴대폰 네트워크와 연결 혹은 분리되고자 하는 휴대폰 이용자들의 감정 및 욕망과 관련하여 휴대폰 네트워크가 패러독스적인 감정 공간을 수반하는 방식에 주목한다. Machines, cities and bodies have been evolved together for a long time, and the recent development of information and communication technologies has transformed cities and bodies into new forms. Concerned with the relations between machines, cities and bodies, this paper explores how mobile networks are related with the physical space of the city and the psychological space of the body. The paper is organised into four main sections. First, it provides a theoretical review of the ways in which mobile networks transform urban spaces and human bodies. Secondly, it explains the generation of mobile networks through technological and institutional changes in Korea. Thirdly, it looks at the socio-spatial scales and time-space landscapes of mobile networks in relation to mobile users’ motions and practices in their everyday lives. Finally, it attends to the ways in which mobile networks involve the production of paradoxical emotional spaces in relation to mobile users’ emotions and desires to be dis/connected with mobile networks.

모바일 센서 네트워크에서 모바일 싱크 기반 에너지 효율적인 클러스터링 기법

김진수(Jin-Su Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2017 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.18 No.5

최근 무선 센서 네트워크의 활발한 연구와 함께 센서 노드는 이동성과 위치 인식 기능을 가지는 등 성능이 점점 향상되고 있다. 이러한 센서 네트워크의 가장 중요한 목표 중의 하나는 이동성이 있는 다수의 센서 노드들에서 발생한 데이터를 에너지 효율을 고려하여 싱크 노드로 전송하는 것이다. 모바일 무선 센서 네트워크는 센서 노드들이 이동하기 때문에, 센싱된 데이터를 고정된 싱크로 전송하기 위해서는 에너지 소모량이 많아진다. 이에 대한 문제를 해결하고자 싱크가 네트워크 내부를 이동하면서 데이터를 수집하는 모바일 싱크에 대한 활용이 연구되고 있다. 모바일 무선 센서 네트워크에서 중요한 고려 사항은 이동성과 에너지 소모량이다. 각 센서 노드는 제한된 에너지를 보유하기 때문에 데이터 송신에 소모되는 에너지가 클 경우, 전체 네트워크 수명에 많은 영향을 준다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 센서 네트워크에서 모바일 싱크 기반 에너지 효율적인 클러스터링 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 내용은 모바일 센서 노드들의 이동성에 따라 새로운 클러스터 헤드를 선택할 때의 에너지 효율을 높인다. 또한 전체 네트워크를 모바일 싱크 기반으로 여러 개의 클러스터 그룹으로 나누어, 이동성 문제를 고려하고 전체 에너지 소모량을 줄인다. 분석과 실험을 통해 제안된 기법이 이전의 모바일 센서 네트워크 클러스터링 기법보다 네트워크 에너지 효율성이 향상됨을 입증한다. Recently, the active research into wireless sensor networks has led to the development of sensor nodes with improved performance, including their mobility and location awareness. One of the most important goals of such sensor networks is to transmit the data generated by mobile sensors nodes. Since these sensor nodes move in the mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs), the energy consumption required for them to transmit the sensed data to the fixed sink is increased. In order to solve this problem, the use of mobile sinks to collect the data while moving inside the network is studied herein. The important issues are the mobility and energy consumption in MWSNs. Because of the sensor nodes’ limited energy, their energy consumption for data transmission affects the lifetime of the network. In this paper, a mobile-sink based energy-efficient clustering scheme is proposed for use in mobile wireless sensor networks (MECMs). The proposed scheme improves the energy efficiency when selecting a new cluster head according to the mobility of the mobile sensor nodes. In order to take into consideration the mobility problem, this method divides the entire network into several cluster groups based on mobile sinks, thereby decreasing the overall energy consumption. Through both analysis and simulation, it was shown that the proposed MECM is better than previous clustering methods in mobile sensor networks from the viewpoint of the network energy efficiency.

Research on the Negative Influence of Mobile Social Network : A Case Study of Facebook

Jie Sun,Hanzhi Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.2

Nowadays, the use of mobile social network has occupied a number of user's daily life. The production of social network makes the user's life richer, and dating is not limited by time and space at all. On the other side, as for the mobile social network, the negative influence result from many respects, including the users' reliance on the mobile social network, their satisfaction about the mobile social network, the users' credibility to the mobile social network, the risk of mobile social network safety and so on. This research investigated the users’ attitude and behavior of Facebook mobile; collected data by questionnaires, literature research and interviews; discussed the negative influence on the mobile social network; finally proposed suggestions for mobile social network. By the research, it focused on the issue of mobile social network’s negative impacts on people’s life and benefit to provide a reliable data and evidence to mobile social network, the conclusions also contribute to mobile social network study and practice in China.

Experimental Analysis using Robust Key Exchange Authentication Scheme in Mobile Ad-hoc Environments

Cheol-seung Lee 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.10

A network of autonomous by multiple mobile nodes with a wireless interface in the absence of a particular network infrastructure environment is referred to as Mobile Ad-hoc network. The demanding in construction of the stand-alone networks and interconnection between convergence devices have led an increase in research on Mobile Ad-hoc Network and the application of Mobile Ad-hoc environments has been paid much attention as a wireless computing which is growing fast in the field of computer engineering With performance both as hosts and routers, easy network configuration, and fast response, mobile nodes participating in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks are suitable for mobile computing but have vulnerable points, about lack of dynamic network topology due to mobility, network scalability, passive attacks and active attacks which make it impossible to manage continuous security authentication service. In this study, proposes Session key-Encrypted key exchange authentication mechanism for a robust authentication based on Mobile Ad-hoc Network and through identify wireless environment security vulnerabilities, currently being used in OTP S/Key and DH-EKE analyzes.

移动网络时代中国科普动画的发展趋势研究

서자성,박성호 한국만화애니메이션학회 2020 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.58

互联网是二十世纪最伟大的发明之一,在促进人类文明进步中发挥了重要作用。网络本身蕴藏着巨大的能量,它为人们提供丰富而多元化的信息,同时也具有教育、娱乐、文化等多种功能。移动网络作为互联网重要组成部分,随着技术的升级、网络环境的优化、移动智能设备的普及、受众接受度的提高,顺时而生、顺势而起。而以科普内容为核心,动画内容为载体的科普动画,依托于当下移动网络为媒介环境,在当前仍处于快速发展时期,有着很大的发展空间。 从2G数字时代到4G移动互联网时代再到5G万物互联时代,移动网络带来了大众娱乐观念的转变,改变了大众获取科普知识的方式。本文借用大量数据分析在移动网络时代中国科普动画的发展趋势:1、移动网络传输速度的加快,覆盖区域的增加,可以为大众随时随地的提供信息资源。科普动画通过移动端传播越来越普及的移动化趋势;2、移动网络的发展使科普动画内容不再只为儿童群体制作,开始出现越来越多的针对青年、成年制作科普动画的全民化趋势;3、移动网络时代使每个用户既是传播者同时又是接收者,更多的人参与到科普动画的生产、传播中,形成了生产大众化、传播简易化的趋势;4、在移动网络下大众观看科普动画选择性的碎片化,大众观看科普动画的时间性的碎片化。构成了科普动画发展的碎片化趋势;5、5G网络的发展直接形成了“虚实结合”的画面特征,让现实世界与虚拟画面联系在一起。科普动画未来也将具备超视频化的趋势。 相信在不久的将来,伴随着移动网络技术的不断发展,科普动画的传播更加实时化、科普知识的解读将更通俗化、获得科普知识的人群更加广泛化、科普知识的呈现更加人性化。科普动画也将展示出他强大的生命力。 The Internet is one of the greatest invention of the 20th century and has played an important role in promoting the progress of human civilization. The network itself contains huge energy, which provides people with rich and diversified information, and also has multiple functions such as education, entertainment, culture and so on. As an important part of the Internet, mobile networks have emerged in time with the upgrading of technology, the optimization of the network environment, the populariy of mobile intelligent devices and the increase in audience acceptance. The popular science animation with popular science content as the core and animation content as the carrier, relying on the current mobile network as the media environment, is still in a period of rapid development and has a lot of room for development. From 2G digital era to 4G Mobile Internet era and then to 5G Internet of everything, the mobile network has brought about the change in the concept of mass entertainment, and changed the way of mass access to popular science knowledge. This essay uses a large number of data to analyze the development trend of popular science animation in China in the era of mobile network: 1. The acceleration of mobile network transmission speed and the increase of coverage area can provide information resources for the public anytime and anywhere. Popular science animation spreads more and more popular mobile trend through mobile terminal; 2. The development of mobile network has made popular science animation not only for children, but also for all the people people ; 3. The age of mobile network has made each user both a communicator and a receiver. More people have participate in the production and dissemination of popular science animation, forming the trend of popularization of production and simplification of communication; 4. The selective fragmentation of popular science animation watched by the public under the mobile network, the temporal fragmentation of popular science animation watched by the public. 5. The development of 5G network has directly formed the "virtual-real" picture feature, which links the real world with the virtual picture. Popular science animation will also have the trend of super video in the future. It is believed that in the near future, with the continuous development of mobile network technology, the dissemination of popular science animation will be more real-time, the interpretation of popular science knowledge will be more popular, the people who has acquired popular science knowledge will be more extensive, and the presentation of popular science knowledge will be more user-friendly. Popular science animation will also show his strong vitality.

移动网络时代中国科普动画的发展趋势研究

徐滋程(서자성),朴盛浩(박성호) 한국만화애니메이션학회 2020 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.58

인터넷은 20세기의 가장 위대한 발명 중의 하나로 인류 문명의 발전을 추진하는 데 중요한 역할을 했다. 인터넷 자체는 커다란 에너지를 가지 고 사람들에게 다양한 정보를 제공하는 동시에 교육, 오락, 문화 등 다양한 기능도 가진다. 모바일 네트워크는 인터넷의 중요한 구성부분으로서 기술의 업그레이드, 인터넷 환경의 최적화, 모바일 스마트 장비의 보급, 관중들의 수용도가 향상되면서 수시로 발전 하고 또 트랜드에 따라서 변화된다. 한편, 과학 보급 내용을 핵심으로 하고 애니메이션을 매체로 하는 과학 보급 애니메이션은 현재 모바일 네트워크를 바탕으로 미디어 환경을 형성하여 현재 아직도 빠른 발전 단계에 있고 매우 큰 발전 공간을 가지고 있다. 2G 디지털시대부터 4G 모바일 인터넷 시대에서 5G 만물이 서로 연결되는 시대까지 모바일 네트워크는 대중 오락 관념의 변화를 가져왔고 대중들이 과학 지식을 얻는 방식을 바꾸었다. 본 논문은 대량의 데이터를 활용하여 모바일 인터넷 시대에 중국 과학 보급 애니메이션의 발전 추세를 분석했다. 1. 모바일 인터넷 전송 속도가 빨라지고 커버 구역의 증가로 인해 대중에게 언제 어디서나 정보 자원을 제공할 수 있다. 과학 보급 애니메이션은 모바일 커뮤니케이션을 통해 점점 보편화된다. 2. 모바일 네트워크의 발전으로 인해 과학 보급 애니메이션의 내용은 더 이상 어린이에게만 제작 되지 않고 점점 더 많은 청소년, 성인을 대상으로 과학보급 애니메이션을 제작하는 전 연령층 추세가 나타나기 시작 했다. 3. 모바일 네트워크는 모든 사용자가 전파자 이자 수용자 이며 더 많은 사람들이 과학 애니메이션의 생산, 전파 과정에 참여하게 된다. 이에 대중화, 전파 간이화 추세가 형성되었다. 4. 모바일 네트워크에서 대중들이 과학 보급 애니메이션의 선택적인 파편화를 보고 대중들이 과학 보급 애니메이션을 관람하는 시간적인 파편화이다. 이에 과학 보급 애니메이션 발전의 파편화 추세를 이루었다. 5. 5G 네트워크의 발전은 "가상과 현실의 결합" 화면 특징을 직접적으로 형성하여 현실세계와 가상화면을 연결 시켰다. 과학 보급 애니메이션의 미래에도 초(超) 영상화 추세가 있을 것이다. 멀지 않은 미래에 모바일 네트워크 기술이 계속 발전함에 따라 과학 보급 애니메이션의 전파는 더욱 실시적이고 과학 보급 지식의 해석은 더욱 통속화 되며 과학 보급 지식을 얻은 사람들이 더욱 광범위하고 과학 보급 지식이 더욱 인성화 될 것이라고 믿는다. 과학 보급 애니메이션도 그의 강한 생명력을 보여줄 것이다. The Internet is one of the greatest invention of the 20th century and has played an important role in promoting the progress of human civilization. The network itself contains huge energy, which provides people with rich and diversified information, and also has multiple functions such as education, entertainment, culture and so on. As an important part of the Internet, mobile networks have emerged in time with the upgrading of technology, the optimization of the network environment, the populariy of mobile intelligent devices and the increase in audience acceptance. The popular science animation with popular science content as the core and animation content as the carrier, relying on the current mobile network as the media environment, is still in a period of rapid development and has a lot of room for development. From 2G digital era to 4G Mobile Internet era and then to 5G Internet of everything, the mobile network has brought about the change in the concept of mass entertainment, and changed the way of mass access to popular science knowledge. This essay uses a large number of data to analyze the development trend of popular science animation in China in the era of mobile network: 1. The acceleration of mobile network transmission speed and the increase of coverage area can provide information resources for the public anytime and anywhere. Popular science animation spreads more and more popular mobile trend through mobile terminal; 2. The development of mobile network has made popular science animation not only for children, but also for all the people people ; 3. The age of mobile network has made each user both a communicator and a receiver. More people have participate in the production and dissemination of popular science animation, forming the trend of popularization of production and simplification of communication; 4. The selective fragmentation of popular science animation watched by the public under the mobile network, the temporal fragmentation of popular science animation watched by the public. 5. The development of 5G network has directly formed the "virtual-real" picture feature, which links the real world with the virtual picture. Popular science animation will also have the trend of super video in the future. It is believed that in the near future, with the continuous development of mobile network technology, the dissemination of popular science animation will be more real-time, the interpretation of popular science knowledge will be more popular, the people who has acquired popular science knowledge will be more extensive, and the presentation of popular science knowledge will be more user-friendly. Popular science animation will also show his strong vitality.

ARARO: Aggregate Router-Assisted Route Optimization for Mobile Network Support

Kyung-Taeg Rho,Soo-Mok Jung 한국산업응용수학회 2007 Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and A Vol.11 No.4

Network Mobility basic support protocol (NEMO Basic) extends the operation of Mobile IPv6 to provide uninterrupted Internet connectivity to tho communicating nodes of mobile networks. The protocol uses a mobile router (MR) in the mobile network to perform prefix scope binding updates with its horne agent (HA) to establish a hi-directional tunnel between the HA and MR This solution reduces location-update signaling by making network movements transparent to the mobile nodes (MNs) behind the MR, However, delays in data delivery and higher overheads are likely to occur because of sub-optimal routing and multiple encapsulation of data packets. To manage the mobility of the mobile network, it is important to minimize packet overhead, to optimize routing, and to reduce the volume of hand off signals over the nested mobile network. This paper proposes an aggregate router-assisted route optimization (ARARO) scheme for nested mobile networks support which introduces a local anchor router in order to localize hand off and to optimize routing. With ARARO, a mobile network node (MNN) behind a MR performs route optimization with a correspondent node (CN) as the MR sends a binding update message (BU) to aggregate router (AGR) via root-MR on behalf of all active MNNs when the mobile network moves. This paper describes the new architecture and mechanisms and provides simulation results which indicate that our proposal reduces transmission delay, hand off latency and signaling overhead. To evaluate the scheme, we present the results of simulation.

Mobile WiMAX 기반의 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서 끊김없는 2계층 핸드오버 방안

김민(Min Kim),김화성(Hwa-sung Kim) 한국통신학회 2009 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.34 No.2a

최근에 무선 메쉬 네트워크는 기존의 무선 네트워크의 단점을 해결하기 위한 차세대 네트워크 기술로서 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 특히, mobile WiMAX 기반의 무선 메쉬 네트워크는 여러 가지 측면에서 많은 장점을 가지고 있어 더욱 주목받고 있다. 이 논문에서 우리는 mobile WiMAX 기반의 무선 메쉬 네트워크를 위한 2계층핸드오버 방안을 제안한다. Mobile WiMAX의 2계층 핸드오버 방안은 무선 메쉬 네트워크의 특성을 고려하지 않기 때문에, mobile WiMAX 기반의 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서 많은 핸드오버 실패를 유발한다. 제안하는 핸드오버방안은 기존의 핸드오버 방안보다 핸드오버 시에 더 적은 지연시간을 달성하면서 데이터 손실이 발생하지 않는다. 시뮬레이션을 통해서 제안한 핸드오버 방안이 핸드오버 시에 발생할 수 있는 핸드오버 지연 문제와 데이터 손실문제를 개선할 수 있음을 보였다. Wireless mesh networks have been studied as the next generation technology to solve problems of conventional wireless networks. Particularly, mobile WiMAX based wireless mesh networks are noticed due to many advantages. In this paper, we propose a layer-2 handover scheme for mobile WiMAX based wireless mesh networks. A layer-2 handover scheme based on mobile WiMAX causes many handover failures over mobile WiMAX based wireless mesh networks because it does not consider the characteristics of wireless mesh networks. The proposed scheme does not bring about packet losses achieving lower handover latency than a conventional handover scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves loss-free and low handover latency during the layer-2 handover.

Systematic Literature Review : Security Challenges of Mobile Banking and Payments System

Md. Shoriful Islam 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.7 No.6

Mobile banking is more easily and fast banking today, but its challenges to payments security system. Many organization or financial institutions are now incorporating mobile banking and financial services as a key component of their growth strategy, and use of the mobile phone to conduct banking and financial services tasks continues to rise among early adopters. Large number of security challenge of mobile banking and payment system have been proposed in to the current research issues, our goal is to gain insight into the current status of mobile banking and payment system security challenge research issues published to date, conducted a systematic literature review mobile banking security challenges that have been claimed between January 2008 to December 2012.this paper presents the result of the systematic review, 10 publication and 20 were selected as primary studies, from which a large number of challenges were elicited. By applying qualitative data analysis methods to extracted data from the review. However among the majority of consumers, security threats are most commonly listed as the primary reason for not trying mobile banking. This review will attempt to technically address these largely unfounded consumer security fears while helping to lay a roadmap for financial institutions successful implementation of mobile banking technology. A clear and emerging new channel in the space of banking and payments is mobile. A key challenge with gaining user adoption of mobile banking and payments is the customer’s lack of confidence in security of the services. Understanding the mobile banking and payments market and ecosystem is critical in addressing the security challenges. There are new security risks introduced with mobile banking and payments that must be identified and mitigated.

Mobile wireless ad-hoc network routing protocols comparison for real-time military application

Shams Al Ajraw,Bang Tran 대한공간정보학회 2024 Spatial Information Research Vol.32 No.1

Mobile wireless Ad-hoc has become more popular because it forms quickly, has an easy setup, and has easy extensibility. The mobile ad-hoc wireless networks can be further classified according to their applications as follows: Regular user ad-hoc networks are commercial communication that applies to vehicles to help avoid collisions and accidents and live connections to transfer data from car to car. Another application is disaster rescue ad-hoc networking, usually used when a normal infrastructure network is destroyed by storms, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc. Nowadays, a lot of applications, particularly those related to the military and emergency situations, rely on mobile ad hoc wireless networks, where security needs are more challenging to provide than in regular networks. We present the tactical network needs for the military. This platform attempts to assess the possible advantages of mobile ad hoc networks in tactical military applications. This work proposes route discovery using reactive (on-demand) routing protocols where nodes need to just transfer data. This eliminates the requirement for each node to store and maintain any routing tables. This study presents and contrasts the benefits and drawbacks of two fundamental mobile ad hoc routing systems (AODV and DSR). Both protocols are On-Demand routing techniques, and when data needs to be sent, the discovery phase begins. The results of the simulation, the AODV routing approach outperforms the DSV routing method under identical simulated conditions. Mobile wireless Ad-hoc has become more popular because it forms quickly, has an easy setup, and has easy extensibility. The mobile ad-hoc wireless networks can be further classified according to their applications as follows: Regular user ad-hoc networks are commercial communication that applies to vehicles to help avoid collisions and accidents and live connections to transfer data from car to car. Another application is disaster rescue ad-hoc networking, usually used when a normal infrastructure network is destroyed by storms, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc. Nowadays, a lot of applications, particularly those related to the military and emergency situations, rely on mobile ad hoc wireless networks, where security needs are more challenging to provide than in regular networks. We present the tactical network needs for the military. This platform attempts to assess the possible advantages of mobile ad hoc networks in tactical military applications. This work proposes route discovery using reactive (on-demand) routing protocols where nodes need to just transfer data. This eliminates the requirement for each node to store and maintain any routing tables. This study presents and contrasts the benefits and drawbacks of two fundamental mobile ad hoc routing systems (AODV and DSR). Both protocols are OnDemand routing techniques, and when data needs to be sent, the discovery phase begins. The results of the simulation, the AODV routing approach outperforms the DSV routing method under identical simulated conditions.