Factors associated with tobacco and alcohol use

최은진,김창우 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2008 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.25 No.5

The objectives of this study were to analyze the socio-economical factors related to smoking and drinking behaviors using the Korea Welfare Panel data. The key variables were sex, age, frequency of health and medical facilities visit, subjective health level, smoking level, drinking level, depression symptoms, and low income level. Since the health variables in the Welfare Panel data were limited, the analysis was exploratory. In male population of those older than 30 years old, low income group people were more likely to smoke cigarettes than the general income population. In the result of the Chi square analysis, the smoking rate showed significantly different relationships with the different age groups, gender and income level. According to the descriptive analysis, persons with low income level were more likely to experience health risk behaviors and showed more medical service utilization. The utilization of the local public health centers was 4.6% for the low income level and 1% for the general level. The higher smoking rate was associated with the younger age, and the lower income. The smoking rate in the age category from 20 to 29 was 23.3% for the general level and 25% for the low income level. On the other hand, the drinking rate was even higher in the general families. The rates of non use of alcohol was 36.7% in the general families and 58.4% for the low income families. For both smoking and high risk drinking issues, demographic and sociological variables such as sex, age, education levels and income levels were analyzed, and there wer significant relationships. Health risk factors were serious for males, with age groups of 20's and 30's, lower education level, and in a low income family. In general, females were more unhealthy. The rates of smoking and drinking were higher in the low income level. Even in the health and nutrition survey results in 2005, persons in the low income class were experiencing poorer health in health level or the degree of action restriction. Since the effects of the health promotion could not be measured in a short period of time, it has not been easy to create the basis for the substantial effects. Factors related to health risks needs to be continuously studied using data from diverse field. The objectives of this study were to analyze the socio-economical factors related to smoking and drinking behaviors using the Korea Welfare Panel data. The key variables were sex, age, frequency of health and medical facilities visit, subjective health level, smoking level, drinking level, depression symptoms, and low income level. Since the health variables in the Welfare Panel data were limited, the analysis was exploratory. In male population of those older than 30 years old, low income group people were more likely to smoke cigarettes than the general income population. In the result of the Chi square analysis, the smoking rate showed significantly different relationships with the different age groups, gender and income level. According to the descriptive analysis, persons with low income level were more likely to experience health risk behaviors and showed more medical service utilization. The utilization of the local public health centers was 4.6% for the low income level and 1% for the general level. The higher smoking rate was associated with the younger age, and the lower income. The smoking rate in the age category from 20 to 29 was 23.3% for the general level and 25% for the low income level. On the other hand, the drinking rate was even higher in the general families. The rates of non use of alcohol was 36.7% in the general families and 58.4% for the low income families. For both smoking and high risk drinking issues, demographic and sociological variables such as sex, age, education levels and income levels were analyzed, and there wer significant relationships. Health risk factors were serious for males, with age groups of 20's and 30's, lower education level, and in a low income family. In general, females were more unhealthy. The rates of smoking and drinking were higher in the low income level. Even in the health and nutrition survey results in 2005, persons in the low income class were experiencing poorer health in health level or the degree of action restriction. Since the effects of the health promotion could not be measured in a short period of time, it has not been easy to create the basis for the substantial effects. Factors related to health risks needs to be continuously studied using data from diverse field.

학령기 저소득층 가정과 일반 가정 아동의 메타구문인식 능력

윤매희,정경희 한국언어치료학회 2019 言語治療硏究 Vol.28 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the meta-syntactic awareness of school aged children from low-income families and average-income families. Methods : For this study, 31 students from low-income families and 31 students from average-income families participated. They were tested using a word-ordering task and grammaticality judgment task to verify their meta-syntactic awareness. Results : First, children from low-income families showed lower scores in word-ordering ability. In each sentential type, the differences between simple sentence and complex-compound sentence, and complex-embedded sentence were statistically significant. Interaction effects between sentential type and group were statistically significant as a performance gap appeared that is larger than in simple and complex sentences. The children from low-income families showed lower performance than children from average-income families for all sentential types. Second, the children from low-income provided lower performance on their grammaticality judgment competence than the children from average-income families. Within the category of grammaticality, both groups had difficulties in post-position, suffix, and affix respectively. The main effects for all categories were the difference between post-position and suffix, post-position and affix, suffix and affix. The interaction effects between sentential type and group were relevant as the children from low-income families showed statistically significant differences, which scored lower than the children from average-income families in using post-position, and showed similar ability in affix and suffix. Conclusions : As a result of this study, it is necessary to give practical support to the syntactic awareness skills of children from low-income families because these skills can be developed over a relatively long period of time during their preschool and school years. 목적 : 이 연구의 목적은 학령기 저소득층가정 아동과 일반가정 아동을 대상으로 메타구문인식능력의차이를 알아보는 데 있다. 방법: 연구대상자는 저소득층가정 아동 31명,과 일반가정 아동 31명이참여하였다. 메타구문인식능력을 알아보기 위해 문장구성 과제와 문법성 판단과제를 실시하였다. 결과: 첫째, 문장구성 능력에서 저소득층가정 아동은 일반가정 아동에 비해 낮은 수행력을 보였다. 문장유형별로는 단문과 복문 이어진 문장, 복문-이어진문장과 복문-안은문장 유형 간의 차이가통계적으로 유의미하였다. 문장유형과 집단의 상호작용효과도 유의하였는데 단문, 복문-안은문장에 비해복문-이어진문장에서 저소득층가정 아동과 일반가정 아동의 수행력 차이가 크게 나타났다. 문장유형에서 저소득층가정 아동이 일반가정 아동에 비해 유의하게 낮은 수행력을 보였다. 둘째, 문법성판단 능력에서 저소득층가정 아동은 일반가정 아동에 비해 낮은 수행력을 보였다. 문법성 범주에따라서는 조사와 연결어미, 조사와 접사, 연결어미와 접사 간의 차이가 유의미하였다. 범주에 따른집단의 상호작용효과도 유의하였는데 조사에서는 저소득층 아동이 일반아동에 비해 통계적으로 낮은수행력을 보였으나, 연결어미와 접사에서는 저소득층가정 아동과 일반가정아동이 비슷한 수행력을보이며 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 이와 같은 결과로, 메타구문인식능력은 학령전기에서부터시작하여 학령기를 거치면서 비교적 오랜 기간 발달하는 능력임을 생각할 때 저소득층 아동의메타구문인식능력에 대한 구체적인 지원의 노력도 기울일 필요가 있다.

제주특별자치도에 거주하는 저소득 한부모가족 지원제도에 관한 고찰

김성욱 ( Sung Wook Kim ) 영산대학교 법률연구소 2015 영산법률논총 Vol.12 No.2

이 논문의 제목은 제주특별자치도에 거주하는 저소득 한부모가족 지원제도에 관한 고찰이라고 하였다. 장래에 어떠한 문제가 발생할 것인지를 현재의 시점에서 정확하게 예측할 수는 없다. 그러나 그것이 사회질서를 규율하는 제도라고 한다면 불합리한 결과가 발생되지 않도록 그 위험성을 최소화할 수 있는 방법이 모색되어야한다. 특히 저소득 한부모 지원제도는 새롭게 창출된 제도라는 점에서 종래에 발생한 문제점들을 면밀하게 파악한다면, 장래에 정립될 저소득 한부모지원제도는 보다 합리적이고 실질적 정의에 합치될 수 있을 것으로 보여 진다. 한부모가족은 부자가족과 모자가족 이외에 조손가족과 그밖에 부모의 일방이 부모로서 의 역할을 수행하지 못하는 경우까지를 포함하는 개념으로 사용되고 있다. 한부모가족이 이렇게 개념지워지는 이유는 경제적 이유 때문이다. 그리하여 종전의 모자복지법 내지 모 부자복지법이 한부모가족지원법으로 법명을 변경하면서까지 한부모가족에 대한 지원을 확대하고 있다. 본고는 국민기초생활보장제도와 모, 부자복지제도에 의해 보호를 받고 있고, 소득기준, 재산기준, 부양의무자기준 등으로 수급자로 선정되지 못한 차상위계층을 포함한 한부모가족을 대상으로 국민기초생활보장제도와 모,부자복지제도률 분석하고 문제점을 도출하여 개선방산을 모색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 첫째, 국민기초생활보장제도와 모, 부자복지제도의 급여대상의 문제점으로는 소득기준으로는 절대빈곤가구라고 하더라도 재산기준, 부양의무자기준을 충족시키지 못하여 수급대상자로 선정되어야 할 가구들이 낮게 책정된 선정기준으로 수급자에서 탈락하고 있는 점이다. 둘째,급여내용의 문제점으로는 한부모가족에 있어서 생계급여, 주거급여,자활급여, 교육급여의 수준이 미홉하다는 것이다. 특히,교육급여의 경우 한부모가족에게서 나타나는 특수성 즉, 육아, 초, 중, 고둥학생 자녀의 교육비용 등 상당한 비중을 차지하고 있음에도 불구하고 충분히 고려되고 있지 않다. 저소득 한부모가족을 위한 영구임대주택은 대기시간이 길고, 주택의 공간도 협소하여 자녀들이 장성하거나 여러 명이 있는 경우 어려움이 많다. 또한 영구임대주택의 물리적 환경문제도 심각한 실정이다. 셋째. 재원에 있어서는 예산이 부족하여 한부모가족에게 지급되는 급여액이 이들이 기본적인 생활을 하는 데 부족하다. 모부자시설의 경우에 운영비률 주로 정부보조금에 의존하고 있지만 지원수준이 비현실적이하서 다양한 복지욕구에 대응할 수 있는 서비스를 제공하기에 미흡하다. 넷째, 전달체계의 문제점은 이원적인 상의하달식 수직적 구조이므로 한부모가족이 욕구에 능동적, 자율적으로 대처하기 어려워 서비스의 적절성과 통합성 및 포괄성을 이룰 수 없는 문제점이 있다. 또한 사회복지전달에 있어서 진문 인력의 수가 턱없이 부족해서 서비스의 효과를 반감시키고 있고, 타직렬의 일반행정직 공무원에 의해 사회복지서비스가 제공되고 있는 경우가 있어 서비스의 질이 전반적으로 낮아지고 있으며 전문성을 살리지 못하고 있다. 이러한 점을 고려하여 저자는 저소득 한부모지원제도와 관련한 주요한 내용을 검토하였는데, 특히 제주지역의 저소득 한부모지원제도와 관련한 법적 및 법외적 문제점을 중심으로 관련 논점과 그 개선방향을 제시하였다. The title of this thesis is "A Study on Supporting System for a Low Income Single Parent Family living in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province". It would be difficult at the present moment to predict exactly what problems may arise in the future. However, there should be efforts to find solutions for problems related to regulation of public order so that the risk of causing unreasonable consequences can be minimized. Since a Low Income Single Parent Support System is something that is being newly developed, a thorough examination of past problems can lead to a future a LowIncome Single Parent Support System that is more rational and accords withsubstantial justice. Single parent family is the family that is consists of father ormother and children. But the single parent family support act also includes the family that is consisting of grandparents and grandchildren. Single parent family occurs from death of parent or divorce. Single parent family has some problems. First of all it does not have enough money for family support. Therefore single parent family support act was made in 2007. This research is targeted at a low income single parent family including a subsequent upper level who is under the protection of the system to guarantee a basic life of a nation in addition to the welfare system for mother and child as well as father and child and is not selected as a recipient in terms of standard for income asset, and duty of supporting one``s family, etc. The purpose of this research is to find out the means for improvement by analyzing the system to guarantee a basic life of a nation in addition to the welfare system for mother and child as well as father and child and deriving relevant problems. Firstly, in terms of the problem in an object of supply in respect of the system guarantee a basic life of a nation in addition to the welfare system for mother and child as well as father and child and, families who should be selected as the object of supply are left out from the recipient due to the selection standard narrowly fixed because they could not satisfy the standard for an asset and a duty of supporting one``s family even if such families could be the ones of absolute poverty in terms of income standard. Secondly, in respect of the problem in a content of supply, the level of living supply, residence supply, self .support supply, and educational supply is quite insufficient for a single parent family. In particular, in case of an educational supply, a peculiarity shown in a single parent family that expenses for granulation and education for children attending an elementary school, a junior high school, and a high school hold a significant importance for the family is not fully considered. With regard to a permanent rental housing for a low income single parent family, a waiting time is quite long and the space for housing is quite small so that there is a significant difficulty in case of grown children or living with several children. In addition, a physical environment for such a permanent rental housing is problematic. Thirdly, the budget is insufficient in terms of financial source. Subsequently, the amount of supply given to a single parent family is inadequate for such family to maintain a basic life. Even if the operation cost in case of a welfare facility for mother and child including father and child depends ona government subsidy, the level of such support is so unreasonable and insufficient to provide a service to meet a diverse need for welfare. Fourth, in terms of a problem in a transmission system, it is difficult to cope with needs of a single parent family in anactive and autonomous manner due to a dual top-down vertical structure so that a suitability, unity and comprehensiveness of a service can not be accomplished. Moreover, the number of a specialized manpower is too few in transmitting a social welfare, which reduces the effect of a service. Since a social welfare service is sometimes provided by a civil servant in general administrative position of other functions, a general quality of service is declining without utilizing a specialty. Further, the function of a welfare facility for mother and child including father and child is at the lowest level of protection. And a welfare facility for father and child is nill so far. A welfare facility for mother and child operating at present is also in an insufficient situation in comparison with the number of household which is on the gradual increase. I explained about the main contents of a Low Income Single Parent Support System and dealt with the important contents of a Low Income Single Parent Support System and suggested especially the problems and improvements in connection with a Low Income Single Parent Support System in Jeju region.

Factors associated with tobacco and alcohol use

Eun Jin Choi,Chang Woo Kim 한국보건교육·건강증진학회 2008 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.25 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 한국복지패널데이터의 흡연음주 현황과 관련 건강위험요인을 연구분석 하는 데 있다. 성, 연령, 외래의료이용횟수, 주관적 건강수준, 흡연수준, 음주수준, 우울증상, 저소득 등이 주요 분석변수였다. 복지패널데이터에 있는 건강변수가 제한된 관계로 분석도 제한적으로 실시되었다. 흡연율은 성별 차이가 컸고, 특히 연령이 젊을수록 높았으며, 저소득층에서 더 높았다. 20-29세 연령층의 경우 흡연율이 일반계층은 23.3%였고, 저소득층에서는 25%였다. 20대남성흡연율은 일반가구 48.1% 저소득가구 47.4%로 큰 차이가 없었으나 30대에서는 일반가구 60.7%, 저소득가구 71.0%로 가장 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 여성의 경우 전 연령층에서 저소득층이 흡연율이 높았고 50대에서 일반가구 3.9%, 저소득가구 10.5%로 가장 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 음주율 특성을 보면 일반가구에서 음주율은 오히려 높게 나타났는데, 일반가구는 전혀 안마신다는 비율이 36.7%, 저소득가구는 58.4%였다. 흡연과 고위험 음주문제 모두에서 성별, 연령과 교육수준, 소득계층 등의 인구사회학적 변수가 유의한 영향요인인 것으로 분석되었다. 남성, 이십대 및 삼십대 연령층, 고졸이하의 학력, 저소득 가구일수록 건강위험요인의 정도가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 전반적으로는 여성의 건강이 더 안 좋다. 저소득층 여성의 흡연율은 일반가구 여성의 흡연율보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 저소득층일수록 건강위험행동을 경험하고, 더 많은 의료서비스 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 보건소 이용경험은 저소득층은 4.6%, 일반계층은 1% 정도였다. 2005년도의 건강영양조사결과에서도 건강수준이나 활동제한의 정도가 각 연령별로 분석해도 저소득층일수록 더 안 좋은 상태인 것으로 나타난 바 있다. 본 연구에서 흡연과 음주와 관련된 심리적 요인과 소득수준의 요인이 유의한 영향력이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 건강위험행동과 관련하여 개인의 심리적 요인에 대하여 향후 심층적인 연구를 할 필요가 있다. 사회경제적 어려움으로 인하여 개인이 경험하는 우울과 같은 심리적 요인이 건강위험행동을 지속하게 하는 요인이 될 수 있기 때문이다. The objectives of this study were to analyze the socio-economical factors related to smoking and drinking behaviors using the Korea Welfare Panel data. The key variables were sex, age, frequency of health and medical facilities visit, subjective health level, smoking level, drinking level, depression symptoms, and low income level. Since the health variables in the Welfare Panel data were limited, the analysis was exploratory. In male population of those older than 30 years old, low income group people were more likely to smoke cigarettes than the general income population. In the result of the Chi square analysis, the smoking rate showed significantly different relationships with the different age groups, gender and income level. According to the descriptive analysis, persons with low income level were more likely to experience health risk behaviors and showed more medical service utilization. The utilization of the local public health centers was 4.6% for the low income level and 1% for the general level. The higher smoking rate was associated with the younger age, and the lower income. The smoking rate in the age category from 20 to 29 was 23.3% for the general level and 25% for the low income level. On the other hand, the drinking rate was even higher in the general families. The rates of non use of alcohol was 36.7% in the general families and 58.4% for the low income families. For both smoking and high risk drinking issues, demographic and sociological variables such as sex, age, education levels and income levels were analyzed, and there wer significant relationships. Health risk factors were serious for males, with age groups of 20's and 30's, lower education level, and in a low income family. In general, females were more unhealthy. The rates of smoking and drinking were higher in the low income level. Even in the health and nutrition survey results in 2005, persons in the low income class were experiencing poorer health in health level or the degree of action restriction. Since the effects of the health promotion could not be measured in a short period of time, it has not been easy to create the basis for the substantial effects. Factors related to health risks needs to be continuously studied using data from diverse field.

저소득층 분류에 따른 학동기 아동의 굴절력에 관한 연구

이완석,예기훈,신범주 한국안광학회 2013 한국안광학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Purpose: In this study, we analyzed refractive power of school children in low income family. Methods: We have done a comparative analysis with 112 subjects of low-income of 17 elementary schools in the Yeongcheon area and low-income children less than −6 D of refractive errors from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Report 2010. Results: Spherical equivalent (SE) with low-income group of nation was −1.99 D for right eye and −1.81 D for left eye, while high income group of nation showed −1.26 D and −1.21 D for right eye and left eye respectively. The SE with low income group in Yeongcheon area was −1.85 D for right eye and −1.81 D for left eye. The SE with orphan was −2.75 D and −2.42 D. Single parent family was −2.10 D and −1.96 D, and two parent family was −1.75 D and −1.73. Conclusions: The lack of attention to children eye care may be one of cause for myopia, so the role of the parents and teacher is very important. However, limited role of parents to children due to low income, it is necessary to provide an institutional strategy and social interest to prevent children vision’ in low income family. 목적: 본 연구는 저소득층 분류에 따른 학동기 아동의 굴절력을 분석하였다. 방법: 영천지역 17개 초등학교저소득층 112명과 보건복지부 산하 질병관리본부에서 시행한 2010 국민건강영양조사 자료의 −6.00 D 이하의 중등도 근시자 중 저소득층 아동을 대상으로 굴절력을 비교 분석하였으며, 설문을 통해 저소득층 단계에 따른 시력 분석과 만족도를 알아보았다. 결과: 전국 소득 최하위군 아동의 우안 등가구면 굴절력은 −1.99 D,좌안 등가구면 굴절력은 −1.81 D, 전국 소득 최상위군 아동의 우안 등가구면 굴절력은 −1.26 D, 좌안 등가구면 굴절력은 −1.21 D, 영천지역 저소득층 가정의 아동 우안 등가구면 굴절력은 −1.85 D, 좌안 등가구면 굴절력은 −1.81 D로 조사되었다. 고아의 우안 등가구면 굴절력은 −2.75 D, 좌안 등가구면 굴절력은 −2.42 D, 한부모가정 아동의 우안 등가구면 굴절력은 −2.10 D, 좌안 등가구면 굴절력은 −1.96 D, 두 부모가 모두 있는가정의 아동 우안 등가구면 굴절력은 −1.75 D, 좌안 등가구면 굴절력은 −1.73 D로 조사되었다. 결론: 학동기 아동의 시력에 대한 관심 부족은 근시유발의 한 요인으로 이어질 수 있으며, 이 시기의 부모와 선생님의역할은 매우 크다. 그러나 저소득층은 부모의 역할이 제한적이므로 시력관리의 사각지대에 위치한 저소득층 아동의 시력 저하를 방지하기 위한 제도적 장치와 사회적 관심이 더욱 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

어린자녀를 둔 저소득 취업모의 심리적 복지에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 관한 연구

황혜원 ( Hye Won Hwang ) 한국가족관계학회 2012 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to find factors related to the psychological well-being of low-income employed mothers with young children. For this purpose, survey data from 176 low-income employed mothers are used to examine the effects of individual characteristics, family factors, job related factors, social support and neighborhood factors on the psychological well-being of low-income employed mothers. The major findings were as follows: 1) Among individual characteristics, active coping skill is the strongest factor for predicting the psychological wellbeing of low-income employed mothers. Also, health in family-of-origin and education level of mothers had significant effects on the psychological well-being of low-income employed mothers with young children. 2) Among contextual factors, the family cohesion, job satisfaction, social support, and the perception of neighborhood environment had significant effects on the psychological well-being of low-income employed mothers. 3) According to the t-tests, mothers from single parent family or with below the minimum cost of living showed significantly lower level of psychological well-being. The results indicated that the promoting active coping skills of low-income employed mothers with young children is very important for improving the level of their psychological well-being. Also consideration of health in family-of-origin, the quality of neighborhood environment, and the family friendly working condition are critical to promote the psychological well-being of low-income employed mothers.

저소득가정의 사회적 배제, 가정자원 및 탄력성의 구조방정식 모형

김미영 ( Mi Young Kim ),박미석 ( Mee Sok Park ) 대한가정학회 2014 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.52 No.6

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of family resources on social exclusion and the resilience of low-income families. To be more specific, this study categorized the level of social exclusion into five dimensions: work, housing, health, education, and social participation. Further, family resources were categorized into the two dimensions of “internal resources of the family” and “external resources of the family” in order to evaluate the effects of the two differentiated dimensions on social exclusion and the resilience of low-income families. The data of low-income families for the period of August 23 to September 28, 2012, were collected from community welfare centers that manage individual development accounts and local self-sufficiency centers; 302 cases were considered. The main results of this study were as follows: firstly, the model analysis proved that family resources as a parameter was significant, not only statistically but also theoretically and practically. Secondly, while a negative relationship was found between social exclusion and family resources, a positive relationship was found between family resources and resilience. This implied that the alleviation of a low-income family’s social exclusion level could become an important intervention for the improvement of the family’s functioning and strengths. Further, it implied that the qualitative improvement of the family’s resources that affected the promotion of the resilience could be a basis for another practical intervention. These results suggested crucial implications for the development of comprehensive policies for addressing poverty issues.

비도심지역 저소득층 아동의 자아존중감이 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향 -가족응집성의 매개효과를 중심으로-

박영준 한국유아교육ㆍ보육복지학회 2019 유아교육·보육복지연구 Vol.23 No.3

본 연구는 비도심지역 저소득층 아동들의 학교생활적응에 영향을 미치는 관련요인을 살펴보고, 저소득층 아동들이 학교생활에 적응하여, 건전한 청소년으로 성장하고 더 나아가 사회에 참여함에 있어 기초가 되는 방법을 살펴보는데 본 연구의 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 비도심지역 저소득층 아동 344명을 연구의 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 자료처리방법은 IBM SPSS 21.0을 이용하여, 상관관계분석, 구조방정식분석, 매개효과분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 첫째, 저소득층 아동들의 자아존중감, 학교생활적응, 가족응집성 간에는 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 저소득층 아동들의 자아존중감은 학교생활적응에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 저소득층 아동들의 자아존중감은 가족응집성을 통해서 학교생활적응에 영향을 미치는 매개효과를 검증한 결과 부분매개효과를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결론으로 비도심지역의 저소득층아동들의 학교생활적응수준을 살펴보고 그 기초자료를 제공했으며, 학교생활지도에 필요한 결정요인을 파악하기 위해 자존중감이 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향을 검증하고 가족체계수준의 가족응집성의 효과를 살펴보았다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 지니고 있다. The purpose of this study is to look at the relevant factors that affect the school life adaptation of low-income children in non-urban areas, and to look at ways in which low-income children are adapted to school life and are based on growing up as healthy teenagers and further participating in society. To that end, 344 children from low-income families in non-urban areas were surveyed and the data processing method was performed using IBM SPSS 21.0 to correlate, analyze the structural equation, and analyze the mediated effect. As a result of this study, firstly, there is a correlation between self-esteem, school life adaptation, and family cohesion among children from low-income families. Second, self-esteem among low-income children has been shown to affect school life adaptation. Third, self-esteem among children from low-income families was demonstrated by verifying the mediated effects that affect school life adaptation through family cohesion. This conclusion has the significance of the study that it provided basic data for low-income children in non-urban areas and that it examined the impact of self-esteem on school life adaptation and family cohesion at family level to identify the determinants needed for school guidance.

Factors associated with tobacco and alcohol use

Choi, Eun-Jin,Kim, Chang-Woo Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion 2008 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.25 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 한국복지패널데이터의 흡연음주 현황과 관련 건강위험요인을 연구분석 하는 데 있다. 성, 연령, 외래의료이용횟수, 주관적 건강수준, 흡연수준, 음주수준, 우울증상, 저소득 등이 주요 분석변수였다. 복지패널데이터에 있는 건강변수가 제한된 관계로 분석도 제한적으로 실시되었다. 흡연율은 성별 차이가 컸고, 특히 연령이 젊을수록 높았으며, 저소득 층에서 더 높았다. 20-29세 연령층의 경우 흡연율이 일반계층은 23.3%였고, 저소득층에서는 25%였다. 20대 남성흡연율은 일반가구 48.1%, 저 소득가구 47.4%로 큰 차이가 없었으나 30대에서는 일반가구 60.7%, 저 소득가구 71.0%로 가장 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 여성의 경우 전 연령층에서 저 소득층이 흡연율이 높았고 50대에서 일반가구 3.9%, 저 소득가구 10.5%로 가장 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 음주율 특성을 보면 일반가구에서 음주율은 오히려 높게 나타났는데, 일반가구는 전혀 안마신다는 비율이 36.7%, 저 소득가구는 58.4%였다. 흡연과 고위험 음주문제 모두에서 성별, 연령과 교육수준, 소득계층 등의 인구사회학적 변수가 유의한 영향요인인 것으로 분석되었다. 남성, 이십대 및 삼십대 연령층, 고졸이하의 학력, 저소득 가구일수록 건강위험요인의 정도가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 전반적으로는 여성의 건강이 더 안 좋다. 저소득층 여성의 흡연율은 일반가구 여성의 흡연 율보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 저소득층일수록 건강위험행동을 경험하고, 더 많은 의료서비스 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 보건소 이용경험은 저소득층은 4.6%, 일반계층은 1% 정도였다. 2005년도의 건강영양조사결과에서도 건강수준이나 활동제한의 정도가 각 연령별로 분석해도 저소득층일수록 더 안 좋은 상태인 것으로 나타난 바 있다. 본 연구에서 흡연과 음주와 관련된 심리적 요인과 소득수준의 요인이 유의한 영향력이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 건강위험행동과 관련하여 개인의 심리적 요인에 대하여 향후 심층적인 연구를 할 필요가 있다. 사회경제적 어려움으로 인하여 개인이 경험하는 우울과 같은 심리적 요인이 건강위험행동을 지속하게 하는 요인이 될 수 있기 때문이다. The objectives of this study were to analyze the socio-economical factors related to smoking and drinking behaviors using the Korea Welfare Panel data. The key variables were sex, age, frequency of health and medical facilities visit, subjective health level, smoking level, drinking level, depression symptoms, and low income level. Since the health variables in the Welfare Panel data were limited, the analysis was exploratory. In male population of those older than 30 years old, low income group people were more likely to smoke cigarettes than the general income population. In the result of the Chi square analysis, the smoking rate showed significantly different relationships with the different age groups, gender and income level. According to the descriptive analysis, persons with low income level were more likely to experience health risk behaviors and showed more medical service utilization. The utilization of the local public health centers was 4.6% for the Bow income level and 1% for the general level. The higher smoking rate was associated with the younger age, and the lower income. The smoking rate in the age category from 20 to 29 was 23.3% for the general level and 25% for the low income level. On the other hand, the drinking rate was even higher in the general families. The rates of non use of alcohol was 36.7% in the general families and 58.4% for the low income families. For both smoking and high risk drinking issues, demographic and sociological variables such as sex, age, education levels and income levels were analyzed, and there wer significant relationships. Health risk factors were serious for males, with age groups of 20's and 30's, lower education level, and in a low income family. In general, females were more unhealthy. The rates of smoking and drinking were higher in the low income level. Even in the health and nutrition survey results in 2005, persons in the low income class were experiencing poorer health in health level or the degree of action restriction. Since the effects of the health promotion could not be measured in a short period of time, it has not been easy to create the basis for the substantial effects. Factors related to health risks needs to be continuously studied using data from diverse field.

저소득층 밀집지역 가정의 가족관계가 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

최은정(Choi, Eun-Jeung),박순희(Park, Sun-Hee),양정남(Yang, Jeoung-Nam) 한국정신건강사회복지학회 2015 정신보건과 사회사업 Vol.43 No.4

본 연구는 저소득 밀집지역 거주자들의 가족관계가 정신건강과 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는지를 파악하고, 가족관계와 삶의 질의 관계에서 정신건강이 매개역할을 하는지를 검증하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 저소득층 주민 350명을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 또 저소득층 가정의 가족관계를 독립변수로, 정신건강을 매개변수로, 삶의 질을 종속변수로 설정하고, 성별과 연령, 소득 등 인구사회학적 특성을 통제한 후의 정신건강의 매개적 역할을 확인하였다. 분석결과, 성별과 연령, 소득에 따라 주요 변수들에 차이를 보였고, 저소득층 가정의 가족관계와 삶의 질의 관계에서 정신건강이 매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 독립변수인 가족관계가 종속변수인 삶의 질에 직접적으로 영향을 미친다기보다 매개변수인 정신건강을 통해 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 저소득층 가정의 의사소통 및 가족기능 회복을 위한 프로그램 개발이 필요하며, 정신건강 및 복합적인 욕구충족을 위한 사례관리가 필요함을 제언하였다. This study aims to understand the effects of family relationship on mental health and quality of life in residents of low-income area communities and verify whether mental health plays a mediating role in the relationship between family relationship and quality of life. 350 low-income area residents were investigated. The family relationship of low-income families was set as an independent variable; mental health, as a mediating variable; and quality of life, as a dependent variable. Socio-demographic characteristics including sex, age, and income were controlled and the mediating role of mental health was identified. The analysis results suggested that there was a difference in major variables according to sex, age, and income and mental health had a mediating effect in the relationship between family relationship and quality of life in low-income families. Family relationship(independent variable) fully mediated quality of life(dependent variable) through mental health(mediating variable) rather than had a direct effect. Therefore, this study suggests that programs for the recovery of communication and family functions should be developed in low-income area families and case management is necessary for mental health and to meet multiple needs.