A Design of Multi-hop Network Protocol based on LoRaWAN Gateway

Minyoung Kim,Jongwook Jang 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2019 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.8 No.2

Currently, LPWA(Low Power Wide Area) communication technology is widely used due to the development of IoT(Internet of Things) technology. Among the LPWA technologies, LoRaWAN(Long Range Wide Area Network) is widely used in many fields due to its wide coverage, stable communication speed, and low-cost modem module prices. In particular, LoRa(Long Range) can easily construct LoRaWAN with a dedicated gateway. So many organizations are building their own LoRaWAN-based networks. The LoRaWAN Gateway receives the LoRa packet transmitted from an End-device installed in the adjacent location, converts it into the Internet protocol, and sends the packet to the final destination server. Current LoRa Gateway uses a single-hop method, and each gateway must include a communication network capable of the Internet. If it is the mobile communication(i.e., WCDMA, LTE, etc.) network, it is required to pay the internet usage fee which is installed in each gateway. If the LoRa communication is frequent, the user has to spend a lot of money. We propose an idea on how to design a multi-hop protocol which enables packet routing between gateways by analyzing the LoRaWAN communication method implemented in its existing single-hop way in this paper. For this purpose, this paper provides an analysis of the standard specification of LoRaWAN and explains what was considered when such protocol was designed. In this paper, two gateways have been placed based on the functional role so as to make the multi-hop protocol realized: (i) hopping gateway which receives packets from the end-device and forwards them to another gateway; and (ii) main gateway which finally transmits packets forwarded from the hopping gateway to the server via internet. Moreover, taking into account that LoRaWAN is wireless mobile communication, a level-based routing method is also included. If the protocol proposed by this paper is applied to the LoRaWAN network, the monthly internet fee incurred for the gateway will be reduced and the reliability of data transmission will be increased.

A Design of Multi-hop Network Protocol based on LoRaWAN Gateway

Kim, Minyoung,Jang, Jongwook The Institute of Internet 2019 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.8 No.2

Currently, LPWA(Low Power Wide Area) communication technology is widely used due to the development of IoT(Internet of Things) technology. Among the LPWA technologies, LoRaWAN(Long Range Wide Area Network) is widely used in many fields due to its wide coverage, stable communication speed, and low-cost modem module prices. In particular, LoRa(Long Range) can easily construct LoRaWAN with a dedicated gateway. So many organizations are building their own LoRaWAN-based networks. The LoRaWAN Gateway receives the LoRa packet transmitted from an End-device installed in the adjacent location, converts it into the Internet protocol, and sends the packet to the final destination server. Current LoRa Gateway uses a single-hop method, and each gateway must include a communication network capable of the Internet. If it is the mobile communication(i.e., WCDMA, LTE, etc.) network, it is required to pay the internet usage fee which is installed in each gateway. If the LoRa communication is frequent, the user has to spend a lot of money. We propose an idea on how to design a multi-hop protocol which enables packet routing between gateways by analyzing the LoRaWAN communication method implemented in its existing single-hop way in this paper. For this purpose, this paper provides an analysis of the standard specification of LoRaWAN and explains what was considered when such protocol was designed. In this paper, two gateways have been placed based on the functional role so as to make the multi-hop protocol realized: (i) hopping gateway which receives packets from the end-device and forwards them to another gateway; and (ii) main gateway which finally transmits packets forwarded from the hopping gateway to the server via internet. Moreover, taking into account that LoRaWAN is wireless mobile communication, a level-based routing method is also included. If the protocol proposed by this paper is applied to the LoRaWAN network, the monthly internet fee incurred for the gateway will be reduced and the reliability of data transmission will be increased.

A Design of Multi-hop Network Protocol based on LoRaWAN Gateway

김민영,장종욱 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2019 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.8 No.2

Currently, LPWA(Low Power Wide Area) communication technology is widely used due to the development of IoT(Internet of Things) technology. Among the LPWA technologies, LoRaWAN(Long Range Wide Area Network) is widely used in many fields due to its wide coverage, stable communication speed, and low-cost modem module prices. In particular, LoRa(Long Range) can easily construct LoRaWAN with a dedicated gateway. So many organizations are building their own LoRaWAN-based networks. The LoRaWAN Gateway receives the LoRa packet transmitted from an End-device installed in the adjacent location, converts it into the Internet protocol, and sends the packet to the final destination server. Current LoRa Gateway uses a single-hop method, and each gateway must include a communication network capable of the Internet. If it is the mobile communication(i.e., WCDMA, LTE, etc.) network, it is required to pay the internet usage fee which is installed in each gateway. If the LoRa communication is frequent, the user has to spend a lot of money. We propose an idea on how to design a multi-hop protocol which enables packet routing between gateways by analyzing the LoRaWAN communication method implemented in its existing single-hop way in this paper. For this purpose, this paper provides an analysis of the standard specification of LoRaWAN and explains what was considered when such protocol was designed. In this paper, two gateways have been placed based on the functional role so as to make the multi-hop protocol realized: (i) hopping gateway which receives packets from the end-device and forwards them to another gateway; and (ii) main gateway which finally transmits packets forwarded from the hopping gateway to the server via internet. Moreover, taking into account that LoRaWAN is wireless mobile communication, a level-based routing method is also included. If the protocol proposed by this paper is applied to the LoRaWAN network, the monthly internet fee incurred for the gateway will be reduced and the reliability of data transmission will be increased.

LoRaWAN IoT 원격검침장치 개발

박재삼(Jae-Sam Park) 한국전자통신학회 2020 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.5

본 논문에서는 무라타 전자의 LoRa RF 모듈을 이용한 LoRa 통신모듈을 설계하여 디지털미터기에 장착하는 구성과, 다수의 미터기 데이터를 DCU(Data Concentrate Unit)에서 정합하여 LoRaWAN 으로 네트워크를 구성하는 원격검침 네트워크 구성 방법을 제시한다. 개발된 시스템은 수요자의 구성에 따라 미터기를 직접 네트워크에 연결하거나 DCU로 정합하여 네트워크에 연결하도록 선택가능하게 함으로써 기존 시스템 보다 네트워크 구성에 있어서 용이하고 경제적으로 설치가능하다. 개발된 시스템은 디지털수도미터기를 예로하여 구성하였지만 전기, 수도, 가스, 온수 및 난방 등 타계량기의 계량값을 원격검침 하는데도 적용가능하다. 주요개발 내용은 디지털미터기, LoRa 모듈, DCU 설계, 구성 및 제작과 LoRaWAN 네트워크 연결, 미터 데이터를 서버로 전송하는 방법이며, 이들 요소들을 연계하여 시스템을 구성하고 실제 LoRaWAN 통신을 테스트하고 그 결과를 보여준다. In this paper, we propose a LoRa communication module using the LoRa RF module of Murata Electronics is designed to configure the IoT digital meter remote meter reading and a method of configuring a remote meter reading network by collecting multiple meter data in a DCU (Data Concentrate Unit) to configure a network with LoRaWAN. The developed system can be installed more easily and economically in the network configuration than the existing system by allowing the meter to be directly connected to the network or matched with a DCU to connect to the network according to the configuration of the consumer. The developed system was constructed using a digital water meter as an example, but it can also be applied to remote meter reading of the metered values of other meters such as electricity, water, gas, hot water and calorie meters. The main development contents are the design, configuration, and construction of digital meters, LoRa modules and DCUs, and how to connect the LoRaWAN network and transmit meter data to the server. By networking these devices, the system is configured, and the actual LoRaWAN communication is tested and the result is shown.

LoRaWAN기반 네트워크의 데이터 전송단계에서 보안 취약점 분석

이정운,김해성,김기형 한국정보통신설비학회 2016 한국정보통신설비학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.09

The LoRaWAN is wireless communication technology in IoT(Internet of Things) environment. It supports main characteristics of low power and long range. In addition, It uses basic security technology for data transfer process. However, We discover vulnerability of transfer process using CTR mode operation. It is important to guarantee data integrity and confidentiality for security. For this reason, we suggest security threat about this vulnerability in this paper.

LoRaWAN 기반 공개형 블록체인 암호화폐 결제 시스템 설계를 위한 연구

김민영 국제문화기술진흥원 2021 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.7 No.1

현재 블록체인을 기반한 공개형 암호화폐(이하 암호화폐)는 각국의 경제정책으로 거래를 위한 통화로써 지위를 얻을 수 없지만, 일부 인터넷 사용자들의 각자 사정으로 인해 대체 통화 거래수단으로 사용되고 있다. 이런 추세로 근미래에는 이러한 암호화폐가 인터넷을 넘어 실생활에서도 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각되지만, 현재 인터넷 네트워 크 인프라가 빈약한 곳에서 암호화폐가 실생활에 사용하기 어려워 이에 대한 대비책 마련이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 실생활에서도 암호화폐 사용을 활성화하려는 방법으로 무선 인터넷 네트워크 인프라를 저비용으로 쉽게 구축할 수 있는 LoRaWAN을 기반으로 한 암호화폐 결제 시스템을 설계하기 위한 기술적 방법을 LoRaWAN 표준을 근거로 제시한다. Currently, blockchain-based public cryptocurrency (hereinafter referred to as cryptocurrency) cannot acquire status as a currency for transaction due to the economic policies of each country, but it is used as an alternative currency transaction method due to individual circumstances of some Internet users. With this trend, it is predicted that such cryptocurrency can be used in real life beyond the Internet in the near future. In this paper, a technical method for designing a cryptocurrency payment system based on LoRaWAN that can easily build a wireless Internet network infrastructure at low cost as a way to activate the use of cryptocurrency in real life is presented based on the LoRaWAN standard.

LoRaWAN 통신 기반의 선박 내외부 승선자 측위 시스템 및 승선자 안전관리 시스템

박석현(Seok-Hyun Park),김진덕(Jin-Deog Kim) 한국정보통신학회 2019 한국정보통신학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.23 No.2

LoRaWAN을 기반으로 하는 선박 내외 측위 시스템은 LoRaWAN 무선 통신을 기반으로 하는 실시간 측위 시스템이다. 측위 시스템은 LoRa 노드를 이용해서 수행하는데, LoRa 노드 내부에 Beacon과 GPS 모듈을 탑재해 각각의 모듈을 이용해서 측위를 수행하고 그 결과 데이터를 즉시 서버에 전송, 실시간으로 선박 내외부의 승선자 위치를 측정한다. 승선자 안전관리 시스템은 LoRa 노드로부터 전송되는 결과 데이터를 분석해 웹 페이지 화면에 표시해 승선자의 위치 및 현재 상태 등을 파악해 서버 관리자가 관리하고 위험한 상황에 처한 승선자들에 대해 조치를 취할 수 있도록 한다. The proposed positioning system based on LoRaWan is a real-time positioning system using LoRaWAN wireless communication. The positioning system is performed using LoRa node. Beacon and GPS modules are installed inside LoRa node to perform positioning using each module, and as a result, the data which contain the inner or outer position of ship passenger is immediately transmitted to the server. The passenger safety management system analyzes the result data transmitted from the LoRa node and displays it on the web page to identify the location and current status of the passengers so that the server administrator can manage and take action on dangerous passengers.

LoRaWAN Class B 통신 거리에 따른 전송율 분석

서의성,장종욱 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2019 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.3

세계 각지에서 모든 사물에 네트워크를 연결하고 인터넷을 통해 해당 사물들을 관리하기 위해 연구 개발을 진행중에 있따. 사물인터넷은 차세대 이동통신 서비스의 생태계 구축을 위한 중요 역할을 수행할 것으로 기대되고 있다. 그중가장 크게 대두되고 있는 통신 기술은 LPWAN이다. 본 논문에서는 이런 시대적 요구에 맞게 많은 LPWAN의 노드를보다 효율적으로 사용하여 자원 낭비 감소 및 관리하기 위하여 각 데이터 전송 속도에 따른 성능을 분석하고자 한다. 본 논문에서 사용되는 LPWAN 통신 기술은 Semtech에서 개발한 장거리 저전력 무선 플랫폼인 LoRaWAN을 기반으로설계하고, Network Simulator-3를 이용하여 가상의 IoT 기반을 구현하여 분석하였다. Research and development are underway to connect the network to all things in the world and to manage the objects through the Internet. The Internet of Things is expected to play an important role in building ecosystem of next generation mobile communication service. The most significant communication technology is LPWAN. In this paper, we analyze the performance according to each data transmission rate to reduce and manage resource waste by using many LPWAN nodes more efficiently in accordance with the demands of the times. The LPWAN communication technology used in this paper was designed based on LoRaWAN, a long-distance low-power wireless platform developed by Semtech, and analyzed by implementing a virtual IoT base using Network Simulator-3.

A Comparative Study and Analysis of LoRaWAN Performance in NS3

Arshad Farhad,Jae-Young Pyun (사)한국스마트미디어학회 2024 스마트미디어저널 Vol.13 No.1

Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is a widely adopted Internet of Things (IoT) protocol due to its high range and lower energy consumption. LoRaWAN utilizes Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) for efficient resource (e.g., spreading factor and transmission power) management. The ADR manages these two resource parameters on the network server side and end device side. This paper focuses on analyzing the ADR and Gaussian ADR performance of LoRaWAN. We have performed NS3 simulation under a static scenario by varying the antenna height. The simulation results showed that antenna height has a significant impact on the packet delivery ratio. Higher antenna height (e.g., 50 m) has shown an improved packet success ratio when compared with lower antenna height (e.g., 10 m) in static and mobility scenarios. Based on the results, it is suggested to use the antenna at higher allevation for successful packet delivery

LoRa 물리계층 성능에 관한 고찰

주정석(Jung Suk Joo) 대한전자공학회 2020 전자공학회논문지 Vol.57 No.3

LoRaWAN(long range wide area network)은 현재까지 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 비면허 ISM 대역의 저전력 광대역(LPWA: low power wide area) 네트워크 기술 중 하나이다. LoRaWAN에서는 CSS(chirp spread spectrum) 기반의 물리계층 규격을 사용하고 있으나, Semtech에서 이 물리계층 규격에 대한 특허권을 갖고 있어 물리계층의 세부 내용이 완벽히 공개되어 있지는 않다. 이에 본 논문에서는 최근에 발표되고 있는 LoRa 관련 연구결과들에 기반하여 LoRa 물리계층의 성능을 분석해 보고자 한다. 우선 AWGN 환경에서 CSS에 기반한 LoRa 변조 방식의 검출 성능을 분석하고 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 검증할 것이다. 또한 LoRa 물리계층 전반에 대한 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 시스템 파라미터에 따른 LoRa 물리계층의 성능을 비교하고자 한다. LoRaWAN (long range wide area network) is one of the most widely used low power wide area (LPWA) network technologies in the unlicensed ISM bands. LoRaWAN adopts chirp spread spectrum (CSS) based physical layer specification which is Semtech"s proprietary technology; so the details of the physical layer are not fully disclosed. Nevertheless, in this paper, we will investigate the performance of the LoRa physical layer, based on the recent research results on the LoRa. First, we will analyze the detection performance of CSS-based LoRa modulation in AWGN environments and verify it through computer simulation. In addition, we will compare the receiver performance of the LoRa physical layer according to system parameters by using computer simulation of the overall LoRa physical layer.