영상 커뮤니케이션을 위한 이미지의 기능과 활용에 대한 연구

정경열(Gyoung-Youl Jeong) 한국콘텐츠학회 2017 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.17 No.10

본 논문은 청소년을 대상으로 한 영상 커뮤니케이션 교육 프로그램 LTP(Litracy Through Photography)의 성과를 바탕으로 이미지와 텍스트의 결합에 대해 연구한 결과다. 현재는 디지털 영상 시대를 맞아 올바른 커뮤니케이션 교육이 필요한 시점이지만 아직 텍스트 위주의 교육이 다수인 건 사실이다. 이에 이미지의 커뮤니케이션 기능을 강조한 LTP 프로그램을 제시하고 청소년들에게 시각 커뮤니케이션에 대한 능력 향상을 위해 실시한 교육결과를 소개한다. 그리고 교육참여 청소년들의 LTP 작품분석과 설문조사와 질적조사를 실시한다. 청소년들의 창작 이미지는 바르트(Barthes)의 텍스트와 이미지의 상호 관계를 세 분류로 정의한 정박, 중계, 삽화를 기준으로 분석된다. 설문조사는 LTP 교육전후 실시한 영상 커뮤니케이션 능력에 대한 양적조사와 질적조사로 이뤄졌다. 그 결과 LTP 교육에서 텍스트보다 이미지를 활용했을 때 청소년의 커뮤니케이션에 대한 성취가 높음이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 이러한 조사와 연구결과가 정책적으로 문화예술교육에 반영되는 것을 주장한다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 청소년들의 LTP 작품과 설문조사를 커뮤니케이션 관점에서 고찰함으로써 창의성 제고를 위한 이미지 활용교육에 의미를 부여하고 LTP를 새로운 교육으로 제시한다. This thesis is a result of studying the combination of text and image based on the achievement of LTP (Literacy Through Photography), a communication education program for young people. This paper presents the LTP program that emphasizes communication functions of images and introduces the results of education conducted to improve the ability of visual communication for adolescents. Adolescents’s creative images are analyzed on the basis of three categories of anchors, ealais and illustrations. The questionnaire was a quantitative survey of communication conducted before and after the LTP training. As a result, LTP education showed higher achievement in communication with adolescents when using images than text. In conclusion, this study gives meaning to image utilization education for creativity enhancement and present it as a new education by examining the LTP works and questionnaires of adolescents from communication point of LTP.

설치류의 해마에서 학습과 기억의 세포 생리학적 모델로서의 장기 강화(long-term potentiation)

손 현 한양대학교 의과대학 1997 한양의대 학술지 Vol.17 No.2

Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is thought to contribute the cellular mechanisms underlying and memory in mammalian, Three major excitatory synaptic pathway in the hippocampus shows LTP. One high frequency train (100Hz) produces a form of LTP that lasts about 1 hr (;early phase LTP) whereas three high frequency trains induces LTP which lasts at least 4-6 hrs (late phase LTP). These two forms of LTP seems mechanistically distinctive, and early phase LTP and late phase LTP may be related to short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Synaptic modification induced by LTP or learning involves the enzymatic processes including Ca²+/calmodulin-dependent kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ), Camp-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE (PKA), protein kinase C(PKC), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) etc. The role of these molecules in LTP or learning has been assessed using gene knockout method in mice. Genetically modified mice make it possible to explore molecular mechanisms underlying implict and explicit forms of learning, short-term and long-term memory, and behaviors. The analysis of these mutant mice has begun to link LTP to specific behavioral deficits.

쥐 뇌의 Postsynaptic density분획에 존재하는 phosphotyrosine함유 단백질들의 검출

고복현,견일수,문일수 東國大學校醫學硏究所 1994 東國醫學 Vol.2 No.-

정보를 얻어 과정을 학습이라하고, 얻은 정보를 저항는 과정을 기억이라고 한다. 학습과 기억에 대한 생물학적 이해는 아직 미미하지만, 현재 알려진 바로는 사용빈도 및 사용형태에 따른 연접강도의 변화 즉 연접가소성에 의하여 정보가 저장된다. 기억형성과 관련된 연접가소성의 일종인 long-term potentiation (LTP)은 연접효율이 증가된 상태가 장기간 지속되는 현상으로서 장기기억의 연접기전으로 알려져있다. LTP의 형성에는 CaMKII, tyrosine kinase등의 효소가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 연접에서 가장 현저한 구조인 postsynaptic density (PSD)에 존재하는 phosphotyrosine 함유 단백질들의 분포를 조사하였다. PSD는 후신경세포막에 존재하는 고전자밀도소기관으로서 세포골격의 특수형태이며, 연접신호전달효율을 조절하는 역학을 한다. 쥐 뇌의 PSD분획 단백질들의 전기영동하여 분리하고, phosphotyrosine특히성 항체를 이용하여 immunoblot분석한 결과 PSD분획에서 15개의 phosphotyrosine함유 peptide를 확인할 수 있었다. 이들중 특히 180kD 크기의 peptide는 상대적으로 많은 phosphotyrosine을 함유하였다. 이 peptide는 NMDA수용체 2B (NR2B)의 항체에 의하여 면역침강되었다. 이러한 결과들은 PSD문획에는 여러 가지 단백질들이 tyrosine kinase에 의하여 인산화되면, 특히 180kD의 peptide는 주요 phosphotyrosine함유 단백질로서 NR2B임을 시사하며, tyroisne인산화에 의하여 그 기능이 조절됨을 시사한다. It is believed that information is stored as usage-dependent changes in the synaptic strength. One model of such synaptic plasticity is long-term potentiation (LTP), a persistent increase in synaptic efficacy. LTP is believed to be a synpatic mechanism underlying the long-term memory. The ?? influx through NMDA receptors, a subtype of glutamate receptors, is essential for induction of LTP. Although some kinases such as CaMKII nd tyrosine kinase are known to be essential for induction of LTP, the detailed understanding of signal transduction pathways downstream of ?? influx is far from completion. In this study we searched for phosphotyrosine-containing proteins in rat postsynaptic density (PSD) fractions. PSD is a dynamic, protein-rich cytosketal specialization tightly apposed to the postsynaptic membrane. PSD is thought to be involved in synaptic regulation. Phosphotyrosines provide binding sites for SH2 domains. Binding of SH2 domain-containing proteins trigger the next step of signal cascades. Westen blot analyses revealed that the PSD fraction contained many proteins recognized by phosphotyrosine-specific antibodies. This result implies that the signaling through tyrosine-phosphorylation may play important roles in synaptic regulation such as LTP formation.

A Functional Role for CREB as a Positive Regulator of Memory Formation and LTP

Satoshi Kida 한국뇌신경과학회 2012 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.21 No.4

cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor, has been shown to play a central role in memory formation, and its involvement in this process has been investigated using a wide range of animal models, from nematodes to higher animals. Various CREB mutant mice have been developed and investigated. Several types of mutant mice with loss of CREB function have impaired memory formation and long-term potentiation (LTP), suggesting that CREB plays essential roles in these processes. To characterize the roles of CREB in memory formation and LTP further, mutant mice displaying gain of CREB function have been generated and analyzed. Importantly, CREB-DIEDML mice and CREB-Y134F mice showed enhanced memory formation, whereas CREB-VP16 mice displayed a lowered threshold of long-lasting LTP (L-LTP) induction, strongly suggesting that CREB functions as a positive regulator of memory formation and LTP. In this review, I focus on the effects of the genetic activation of CREB in LTP and memory formation and summarize previous findings.

N-octylglucoside (NOG)-soluble 110 kD protein of a rat Postsynaptic density fraction is a brain hexokinase

고복현,문일수 東國大學校醫學硏究所 1994 東國醫學 Vol.2 No.-

정보는 뇌에서 물질적인 형태로 지정된다. 이런 물질적인 형태의 성격에 대하여는 아직 알려진 바가 미미하지만, 사용빈도에 따른 연접강도의 수정에 의하여 연접에 정보가 저장된다고 신경생물학자들은 믿고 있다. 연접의 이러한 장기적인 수정의 일종인 long-term potentiation(LTP)은 연접효율이 증가된 상태가 장기간 유지되는 현상을 지칭한다. LTP를 이해하기 위하여는 연접의 구조를 분자수준에서 이해할 필요가 있다. 포유류 중추신경계내의 현저한 구조중 하나는 postsynaptic density(PSD)이다. PSD는 후신경세포막에 밀착해있는 역동적인 세포골격구조이다. PSD의 구성에 대한 정보가 거의 없음에도 불구하고 연접전세포막의 활동구역과 나란히 위치하고 LTP형성시 모양이 변화되는 것으로보아 연접에서의 신호전달을 조절하는 것으로 가정된다. 본 연구에서는 아미노산배열순서결정방법을 이용하여 분자량 110 kD의 PSD단백질(PSD-NOG110)을 동정하였다. 쥐의 전뇌에서 얻은 PSD분획을 약한 세척제인 N-octyl glucoside로 처리하였을 때 용해되는 것으로 보아 이 단백질은 PSD에 약하게 결합하고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 이 단백질을 trypsin처리하여 생성된 두 펩티드을 HPLC로 순수분리하여 이미노말단 아미노산결정방법을 이용하여 아미노산배열순서를 결정하였다. 이를 이용하여 단백질정보은행을 컴퓨터조회한 결과 이 단백질이 뇌 특이성 hexokinase임을 알았다. PSD내에 hexokinase가 많이 존재한다는 사실은 PSD가 에너지를 많이 필요로하는 역동적인 구조라는 개념을 지지한다. Information is stored in our brain as a physical entity. Although the physical nature of this physical entity is not understood clearly, neurobiologists generally agree that information is stored in the synapse by usage-dependent modification os the synpatic strengh. One from of such modification that last long periods is long-term potentiation (LTP). LTP is persistant increase in synaptic efficacy. In order to understand LTP, it is essential to characterize the synaptic structure at the molecular level. One of prominent structures in the mammalian central nervous system is postsynaptic densities(PSDs). PSD is a dynamic cytoskeletal structure that appears to adhere tightly to the postsynaptic membrane. Although its molecular composition is not understood well, PSD is thought to regulate synaptic transmission, because it is closely apposed to the presynaptic active zone and its morphology is changed upon LTP formation. In this study, we used protein sequencing technologies to identify a PSD protein of molecular weight about 110 kD, thus named PSD-NOG110. Rat forebrain PSD fractions were first extracted with a mild detergent, N-octyl glucoside. The 11- kD protein band was solubilized in this treatment indicating its loose association with the PSD. We have succeeded i sequencing two peptides generated by tryptic digestion and purified through HPLC. Computer analyses of the sequence information showed that the 110 kD protein is a brain-specific hexokinase. The presence of hexokinase in the PSD supports the concept that PSD is a highly energy-requiring and dynamic structure.

Effect of Low Temperature Plasma Treatment on Wool Fabric Properties

Kan C. W.,Yuen C. W. M. The Korean Fiber Society 2005 Fibers and polymers Vol.6 No.2

Low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment was applied to wool fabric with the use of a non-polymerizing gas, namely oxygen. After the LTP treatment, the fabric properties including low-stress mechanical properties, air permeability and thermal properties, were evaluated. The low-stress mechanical properties were evaluated by means of Kawabata Evaluation System Fabric (KES-F) revealing that the tensile, shearing, bending, compression and surface properties were altered after the LTP treatment. The changes in these properties are believed to be related closely to the inter-fiber and inter-yam frictional force induced by the LTP. The decrease in the air permeability of the LTP-treated wool fabric was found to be probably due to the plasma action effect on increasing in the fabric thickness and a change in fabric surface morphology. The change in the thermal properties of the LTP-treated wool fabric was in good agreement with the above findings and can be attributed to the amount of air trapped between the yams and fibers. This study suggested that the LTP treatment can influence the final properties of the wool fabric.

Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate phosphatase/chronophin inhibits long-term potentiation induction in the rat dentate gyrus

Kim, Ji-Eun,Kim, Dae-Won,Kwak, Sung-Eun,Ryu, Hea Jin,Yeo, Seong-Il,Kwon, Oh-Shin,Choi, Soo-Young,Kang, Tae-Cheon Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Hippocampus Vol.19 No.11

<P>Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP)-phosphatase/chronophin (PLPP/CIN) directly dephosphorylates actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin as well as PLP. Although PLPP/CIN plays a role in the regulation of F-actin and vitamin B<SUB>6</SUB> metabolism, there is no direct evidence to support a correlation between PLPP/CIN and F-actin polymerization during long-term potentiation (LTP) induction. In this study, we investigated whether the expression of PLPP/CIN is altered following LTP induction, and whether Tat-PLPP/CIN transduction affects LTP induction in the rat dentate gyrus (DG). PLPP/CIN immunoreactivity was markedly decreased in dentate granule cells after the induction of LTP. Tat-PLPP/CIN transduction (20 and 200 μg/kg) decreased the efficiency of high frequency stimulus-induced potentiation of populations spike amplitude as compared to saline or Tat-protein-treated animals. The PLPP/CIN protein level showed an inverse correlation with phosphorylated ADF/cofilin levels and F-actin content. These findings suggest that PLPP/CIN-mediated actin dynamics may play an important role in the changes of morphological properties (dendritic spine reorganization) of the hippocampus in LTP. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Increases in Effective Cleft Glutamate Concentration During Expression of LTP

Jung, Su-Hyun,Choi, Suk-Woo The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2002 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.6 No.2

Long-term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses is often associated with increases in quantal size, traditionally attributed to enhanced availability or efficacy of postsynaptic glutamate receptors. However, augmented quantal size might also reflect increases in neurotransmitter concentration within the synaptic cleft since AMPA-type glutamate receptors are not generally saturated during basal transmission. Here we report evidence that peak cleft glutamate concentration $([glu]_{cleft})$ increases during LTP, as indicated by a lessening of the blocking effects of rapidly unbinding antagonists of AMPA. The efficacy of slowly equilibrating antagonists remained unchanged. The elevated $[glu]_{cleft}$ helps support the increased quantal amplitude of AMPA-type EPSCs (excitatory postsynaptic currents) during LTP.

패킷 융합 계층 채널로서 LTP와 CFDP 프로토콜 비교

구철회(Cheol Hea Koo) 한국항공우주학회 2021 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Single image defocus blur segmentation using Local Ternary Pattern

타릭,알리,최영규 한국통신학회 2020 ICT Express Vol.6 No.2

This work presents an efficient LTP-based sharpness measure for blur detection and segmentation. The proposed method transforms each pixel into ternary codes depending on the differences of intensity of the central pixel with the neighborhood pixels. These ternary codes have been converted into lower and upper binary patterns. Among these, the non-uniform patterns have been exploited to compute the blur measure and blur segmentation. The proposed methodology performs segmentation without having any explicit information about the type and level of the blur. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art blur detection and segmentation methods.