DOES WOM INFORMATION HINDER CONSIDERATION OF OTHER BRANDS?

Kaichi Saito 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.8

Consumers receive two types of WOM (word-of-mouth) information: instructional- type WOM and information-type WOM. The instructional-type WOM is WOM information about brands that have not been purchased, while the information-type is WOM about brands have been purchased before. By receiving the instructional-type WOM, consumers come to understand the functional and psychological benefits of the brand. On the other hand, consumers learn nothing about the functional and psychological benefits from information-type WOM, since they already know these benefits through their experience. The information-type WOM about a brand informs consumers that the WOM sender has used the brand and wants to talk about his/her consumption experience of the brand. Although previous research has actively investigated the effects of instructional-type WOM (e.g., Jang, Prasad, and Ratchford 2012; Liu 2006; Zhu and Zhang 2010), the effect of informational-type WOM remains virtually unexplored. When receiving information-type WOM about a brand from friends or family members, consumers are more likely to use the brand in order to build a closer relationship, and therefore fulfill their need to belong. Information-type WOM about a brand from significant others can inhibit consideration of other brands. When a person has the goal of fulfilling the belonging need, only purchasing the same brand as significant others purchase will contribute to satisfying this goal. Purchasing other brands will hinder achievement of the goal, and this impedes their consideration of other brands. The author examined the effect of information-type WOM on consideration set formation using the survey data provided by Yomiuri Advertising Company. The empirical analysis revealed that (1) information-type WOM has a greater impact on consideration than ISP and advertising (i.e., positive own-effect) and (2) information-type WOM has the effect of blocking the entry of other brands into the considerations set (i.e., negative cross-effect). These results suggest that, even for major brands, it is important to generate WOM among consumers. Although information-type WOM might seem to be trivial, this type of WOM function as means to avoid competition in consumers’ consideration sets.

Protection of Personal Information in Medical Journal Publications

Sun Huh 대한신경중재치료의학회 2019 Neurointervention Vol.14 No.1

It aimed to present the definition of personal information based on Korean laws that protect personal information and the process of protection of personal information in journal publishing based on the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and Committee of Publication Ethics. Two Korean laws relate to the protection of personal information in human subject research: the Personal Information Protection Act and the Bioethics and Safety Act. These laws were enacted to prevent the unauthorized use of Koreans’ personal information including medical information. Personal information can be divided into personally identifiable information including resident registration numbers and sensitive information including health information. To protect personal information in journal publishing, institutional review board (IRB) approval and obtaining informed consent from patients is recommended or mandatory in clinical studies. However, retrospective chart reviews may be exempted from IRB approval, while obtaining informed consent is recommended for all case reports. Journal policies may vary with regard to whether a copy of the informed consent form is collected from authors, since the Committee of Publication Ethics guideline does not specifically recommend collecting it. In discussions of adopting clinical data-sharing policies, transfer of data including nonidentifiable personal information to another country is an unresolved issue. Furthermore, a public data repository site should be established in Korea for data to be deposited. To protect subjects’ privacy and to prevent legal issues potentially arising from privacy concerns, editors and publishers should do their best to publish articles with appropriate oversight on subjects’ personal information.

금융시장에서 정보중개자에 관한 법적 연구

이민경 은행법학회 2022 은행법연구 Vol.15 No.1

This article aims to analyze the legal grounds and structures of information intermediaries' liabilities in the financial market and propose measures to secure their legal accountabilities. For purposes of this article, 'information intermediaries' are defined by their function as collectivizing agents in charge of the collection, processing, production, and delivery of information for investors who are faced with disadvantages of asymmetric information in the financial market. Examples of such information intermediaries include accounting firms, credit rating agencies, proxy advisors, etc. In light of the above introductory note, this article explores certain features of information produced by information intermediaries in the financial market. First, information connotes legal implications that may be varied depending on its type, which is largely classified as audit opinions, credit ratings, closing opinions, fairness opinions or proxy voting advice in this article. The additional feature of such information is embedded in its nature of serving a public good, which may give rise to a free-rider problem in which people are incentivized to free ride on the purchases of the public good by others. Further, the nature of an information-intensive industry featuring an oligopolistic market structure makes it difficult to expect the market to control the quality of information. Based on the above analysis and underlying grounds leading to such analysis, this article stresses on the need to hold each information intermediary liable for its faulty information produced, proportional to its ripple effect in the financial market. Holding information intermediaries accountable on the grounds of tort under the Civil Act often fails because it is extremely difficult to prove the existence of damages and the causation between the faulty information produced and such losses. Imposing gatekeeper liabilities could also be considered - such liabilities, however, would not apply to newly emerging information intermediaries. An alternative proposed by this article in response to such limitations is to enhance the transparency of the information-producing process on the part of information intermediaries to overcome asymmetric information between such intermediaries and the users.

Participatory Web Users’ Information Activities and Credibility Assessment

Soo Young Rieh 한국문헌정보학회 2010 한국문헌정보학회지 Vol.44 No.4

Assessment of information credibility is a ubiquitous human activity given that people constantly make decisions and selections based on the value of information in a variety of information seeking and use contexts. Today, people are increasingly engaging in diverse online activities beyond searching for and reading information, including activities such as creating, tagging and rating content, shopping, and listening to and watching multimedia content. The Web 2.0 environment presents new challenges for people because the burden of information evaluation is shifted from professional gatekeepers to individual information consumers. At the same time, however, it also provides unprecedented opportunities for people to use tools and features that help them to make informed credibility judgments by relying on other people’s ratings and recommendations. This paper introduces fundamental notions and dimensions of credibility, and contends that credibility assessment can be best understood with respect to human information behavior because it encompasses both the level of effort people exert as well as the heuristics they employ to evaluate information. The paper reports on a survey study investigating people’s credibility judgments with respect to online information, focusing on the constructs, heuristics, and interactions involved in people’s credibility assessment processes within the context of their everyday life information activities. Using an online activity diary method, empirical data about people’s online activities and their associated credibility assessments were collected at multiple points throughout the day for three days. The results indicate that distinct credibility assessment heuristics are emerging as people engage in diverse online activities involving more user-generated and multimedia content. A heuristic approach suggests that people apply mental shortcuts or rules of thumb in order to minimize the amount of cognitive effort and time required to make credibility judgments. The paper discusses why a heuristic approach is key to reaching a more comprehensive understanding of people’s credibility assessments within the information-abundant online environment.

Intelligence de l'information : une approche acteur-centrée de Shannon à l'ébauche de nouveaux paradigmes

Céline Le Corroller 고려대학교 응용문화연구소 2012 에피스테메 Vol.0 No.7

Cet article a pour objectif de revisiter les paradigmes informationnels pour asseoir l'acteur au coeur de l'intelligence de l'information. Nous nous attachons dans un premier temps à mettre en lumière le concept majeur et protéiforme d'information, en abordant tant son caractère «caméléonesque» que scientifique. Dans un second temps, nous positionnons l'information dans son contexte, rappelant qu'il n'est d'information qu'au travers des notions d'acteur, de donnée et de connaissance. Après l'ancrage de l'information au sein du processus informationnel nous ouvrons la discussion sur l'ébauche de nouveaux paradigmes. Enfin nous concluons sur deux pistes théoriques de recherche. Dealing with Smart Information (Intelligence of Information) the purpose of this paper is to enlighten the various paradigms of information. First we propose a definition of information including its heterogeneous and scientific aspects both at the same time. Second, we place the concept of information in its context, reaffirming there is no information without the concepts of information user, data and knowledge. Then we conclude by the sketch of new paradigms and by offering two ways of future research in actor-centered information theory.

불확실성 정보가 맥주배송게임 기반의 공급사슬 수행도에 미치는 영향 평가

이기광(Ki-Kwang Lee),김인겸(In-Gyum Kim),고광근(Kwang-Kun Ko) 한국데이타베이스학회 2007 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.14 No.4

Information sharing is key to effective supply chain management. In reality, however, it is impossible to get perfect information. Accordingly, only uncertain information can be accessed in business environment, and thus it is important to deal with the uncertainties of information in managing supply chains. This study adopts meteorological forecast as a typical uncertain information. The meteorological events may affect the demands for various weather-sensitive goods, such as beer, ices, clothes, electricity etc. In this study, a beer distribution game is modified by introducing meterological forecast information provided in a probabilistic format. The behavior patterns of the modified beer supply chains are investigated for two conditions using the weather forecast with or without an information sharing. A value score is introduced to generalize the well-known performance measures employed in the study of supply chains, i.e., inventory, backlog, and deviation of orders. The simulation result showed that meterological forecast information used in an information sharing environment was more effective than without information sharing, which emphasizes the synergy of uncertain information added to the information sharing environment.

정보통신망 침입행위 관련 연구 - 정보통신망법 제48조 제1항을 중심으로 -

전응준 ( Eungjun Jeon ),신동환 ( Donghwan Shin ) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 문화.미디어.엔터테인먼트법연구소 2020 문화.미디어.엔터테인먼트 법 Vol.14 No.1

정보통신망법 제 48 조 제 1 항은 ‘정보통신망’이라는 추상적, 포괄적, 유동적인 개념을 객체로 하고 있다. 정보통신 기술과 인터넷의 발달로 전 세계가 사실상 하나의 정보통신 네트워크(망)로 연결되어 있다고 볼 수 있다. 주어진 상황과 논의의 배경에 따라서는 전 세계적인 정보통신망 하위에 다양한 계층과 범위의 무수히 많은 정보통신망의 개념이 정의될 수 있다. 이러한 추상적, 포괄적, 유동적인 개념인 정보통신망에, ‘정당한’, ‘접근권한’이라는 규범적 요소들과 ‘침입’이라는 행위태양이 더해짐으로 인해 정보통신망법 제 48 조 제 1 항이 금지하는 침해 행위의 범위가 무한히 확장될 수 있는 위험이 있다. 본고에서는 정보통신망법 제 48 조 제 1 항의 입법연혁과 규정의 내용 그리고 보호법익을 살피고 이를 미국, 유럽연합, 일본, 독일의 유사 법제와 비교법적으로 고찰한 후, 그와 같은 검토 결과 및 대법원 판결례에 기초하여 정보통신망법 제 48 조 제 1 항 각 구성요건의 의미 내지 범위에 대한 해석론을 제시한다. 정보통신망침입의 객체가 되는 정보통신망에는 ‘정보통신체제’를 이루는 정보, 기능, 기기(하드웨어), 기술(소프트웨어) 또는 서비스 등은 모두 포섭될 수 있다. 또한, 구체적으로 어떤 구성에 대한 접근이 정보통신망 침입에 해당하는지 여부는 해당 구성에 접근한 경로 내지 경위, 그 구체적인 행위태양, 그리고 접근에 따른 결과 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 해당 접근으로 인해 “정보통신망 자체의 안정성과 그 정보의 신뢰성 보호”라는 보호법익이 침해되었는지 여부를 기준으로 판단해야 한다. 만약, 이러한 보호법익을 고려하지 않는 경우, 구성요건의 불명확성으로 인해 범죄의 범위가 과다하게 넓어져 죄형법정주의에 위반될 여지가 있다. Article 48 (1) of the information and communications network ACT is based on the abstract, comprehensive, and fluid concept of the “Information and Communication Network”. With the development of information and communication technology and the Internet, it can be said that the world is virtually connected to one information and communication network. Depending on the given situation and the background of the discussion, various concept of information and communication networks of various layers and ranges can be defined under the global information and communication networks. By adding the normative elements such as 'rightful' and 'access authority' and the mode of action called 'trespass' to this abstract, comprehensive, and fluid concept of information and communication networks, there is a risk that the range can be expanded indefinitely. In this paper, we examine the contents of the legislative history, regulations and benefit and protection of the law of Article 48 (1) of the Information and Communications Network ACT, and examine them in a comparative manner with similar legislation in the United States, the European Union, Japan, and Germany. On the basis of this, an interpretation theory for the meaning or scope of each component of Article 48 (1) of the Information and Communication Network Act is presented. Information, functions, devices(hardware), technology(software), or services constituting an 'information communication system' may be all included in the information communication network that is an object of the information communication network trespass. In addition, whether an access to a certain configuration constitutes the trespass of the information and communication network depends on the approach or the route of access to the configuration, its specific behavior, and the results of the access. And also it should be judged on the basis of whether benefit and protection of the law such as “the protection of its own stability and the reliability of its information” have been violated. If this benefit and protection of the law is not taken into account, the scope of the crime is excessively widened due to the uncertainty of the compositional requirements, and there is a possibility of violating the principle of "nulla poena sine lege".

정치 정보 수용 과정에서 발생하는 정보편향성 원인 분석과 이를 보완하기 위한 연구: 20대를 중심으로

신유진 한국인터넷윤리학회 2019 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.3 No.2

With the rapid development of digital society, the field of communication and information sharing has been revitalized through various digital tools, thereby making progress the way individuals acquire information. However, the problem of information bias arises in the process of an individual's selective acceptance of information, increasing concerns about bias and social polarization. To alleviate these problems, this paper attempts to divide the process of accepting political information into three stages and analyze the process of accepting information selectively at each stage to explore ways to offset the problem of accepting biased information. The survey will investigate the process of individuals accepting information and analyze the results to determine the causes of information bias. Since it is difficult to solve an individual's biased process of accepting political information simply by technical means, the process will be conducted on adults in their 20s who are more likely than not to have a strong political orientation yet. It is also conducted to explore ways to mitigate the information bias based on the causes of it.

공유숙박서비스의 정보주체별 정보품질과 소비자 정보만족에 관한 연구 - 에어비앤비 사례를 중심으로 -

주위에치,김소연 한국소비문화학회 2019 소비문화연구 Vol.22 No.4

공유숙박서비스에서는 호스트, 플랫폼, 그리고 다른 소비자들이 소비자에게 정보를 제공한다. 공유숙박서비스는 개인의 안전에 직결되는 서비스이기 때문에 신뢰할 수 있는 정보환경을 구축하여 소비자의 합리적인 의사결정을 돕는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 공유숙박서비스의 정보의 질을 개선하기 위하여 각 정보 제공주체가 제공하는 정보의 품질 수준을 살펴보고, 정보품질이 정보만족도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 본 연구는대표적인 공유숙박서비스인 에어비앤비를 대상으로 최근 1년 이내에 에어비앤비를 이용한 경험이 있는 20-50대소비자에게 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 소비자는 모든 정보 품질에 대하여 3점 이상으로 보통보다조금 높게 평가하고 있었다. 구체적으로 용이성과 적시성에 대한 평가가 상대적으로 높고, 충실성과 신뢰성에 대한 평가가 낮은 편이었다. 정보제공주체별로 정보품질을 비교해 본 결과, 소비자는 소비자들이 제공하는 공유숙박 정보의 품질을 가장 높게 평가하였고, 모든 정보품질 속성에 대하여 호스트가 제공하는 정보를 가장 낮게 평가하였다. 특히 호스트가 제공하는 정보의 신뢰성에 대한 점수가 모든 정보품질 속성 중에서 가장 낮았다. 다음으로 다중회귀분석을 통해 정보품질에 대한 평가가 정보탐색에 대한 소비자의 만족에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를살펴본 결과, 3가지 정보제공주체가 제공한 정보에서 모두 신뢰성과 용이성이 높을수록 실용적 정보만족도가 높았으며, 유희성이 높을수록 쾌락적 정보만족도가 높았다. 반면 정보제공주체별로 정보만족도에 영향을 미치는 정보품질 속성에 차이도 있었는데, 소비자가 제공하는 정보의 경우 생동감이 쾌락적 만족과 실용적 만족에 유의한영향을 미쳤고 플랫폼이 제공하는 정보의 경우 적시성이 실용적 만족에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 이러한연구 결과를 바탕으로 공유숙박서비스에서 정보를 제공하는 정보제공주체별로 정보품질을 개선하기 위한 시사점을 제안하였다. In shared accommodation services, there are three sources of information: the hosts, the platform, and other consumers who have used the shared accommodation services. Since shared accommodation services are directly related to consumers’safety, it is very important to build a reliable information environment. This study investigated how consumers evaluate information quality of the each information providers in the sharing accommodation service and how information quality influences consumers’ information satisfaction with the purposed of improving information environment in the shared accommodation services. This study analyzed the case of AirBnB which takes up more than 90% of Korean shared accommodation market and 330 surveys were collected via online consumer survey. The information quality of shared accommodation service were measured in 6 dimensions such as credibility, usability, timeliness, diversity, vividness, and playfulness. Consumers evaluated credibility and diversity relatively lower and evaluated usability and timeliness higher than other dimensions. Especially, credibility of the host-provided information was evaluated the lowest and the quality of host-provided information was evaluated the lowest in all dimensions. According to the results from multiregression analyses, usability and credibility of the information provided by all three sources significantly increased the utilitarian information satisfaction. And playfulness of the information provided by all three sources significantly elevated the hedonic information satisfaction. And vividness of the consumer-provided information significantly increased utilitarian and hedonic information satisfaction. Based on the findings, this study proposed implications for improving the information in the shared accommodation services.

Research on Effective Information Visualization Method Based on Mobile Web

Jina YOO,Tae-Hyeong KIM 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.11 No.7

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to recognize the role and necessity of public data visualization through prior research, investigation, and data verification processes. In addition, this study intends to check what factors should be considered in order to visualize data on the mobile web. Through this process, by identifying the cognitive load affecting information visualization by type, as a result, I would like to propose an effective information visualization method to effectively deliver public data related to government policies. Research design, data and methodology: In this study, we analyzed the case of information visualization according to infographics, which has been widely used in the public field among various visualization methods. For this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted for young people in their 20s and 30s with the highest mobile usage rate. Results: Based on the results, IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) was performed to conduct cognitive load test tools for information visualization of public data and confirmed the implications for each type of infographics. Conclusions: As a result of research, in order to efficiently deliver public data on the mobile web, first, it is necessary to construct a visual screen that can be easily identified through clear data. Appropriate graphic elements can be used according to the type to make it easier for users to acquire and understand information. Second, it is necessary to provide useful content in visualizing information. Third, in order to efficiently transmit information and increase understanding of data, it is necessary to visualize information that can induce interest in data and form metaphors. Fourth, it is necessary to visualize information to reduce cognitive load in terms of physical and mental aspects in order to accommodate users' comfortable information. Fifth, in order to effectively deliver public data, it is necessary to compose contents and information that are easy for users to understand. This study examines effective information visualization methods to increase the communication effect of public data in response to changes in the data-based intelligent information society and suggests implications for each type considering cognitive loads to help future public institutions to communicate and accept information.