The Effects of City Brand Image on City Brand Recognition and City Loyalty

Do-Heon Kim 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.9 No.3

Purpose - Competition among cities around the world are rapidly shifting from competition of production factors such as labor costs and quality of raw materials to competition between the consumption factors such as quality of life, settlement environment, culture, and place. The entry into the era of competition between consumption factors is not only attracting investment for strengthening city competitiveness, but also actively inducing urban image reconstruction and new image making. Therefore, various studies related to urban marketing are being carried out. The object of this study is to investigate the effect of city brand image on city brand recognition and city loyalty based on the questionnaire of external citizens about Changwon city. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected from 200 Seoul and Busan citizens. Reliability and exploratory factor analysis were conducted through the SPSS program, and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted by using the AMOS program. Results - As a result of the hypothesis test, six hypotheses were adopted among the nine hypotheses. In summary, pleasant image, dynamic image, and good administrative image have a significant positive impact on city brand recognition. The magnanimous image did not have a significant effect on city brand recognition. In the impact of city brand image on city loyalty, magnanimous image and good administrative image had significant positive impact on city loyalty. Pleasant images and dynamic images did not significantly affect city loyalty. In addition, city brand recognition positively influenced city loyalty. Conclusions - First, it is possible to say that there is an academic significance of this research in its contribution to regional revitalization by investigating mutual influences in urban aspect by combining place marketing with image, recognition, and loyalty. Secondly, kinetic images such as pleasant image and dynamic image have more influence on recognition, and static images such as magnanimous images have more influence on loyalty. So, further research will be necessary to establish theories. Finally, In order to increase city brand recognition and city loyalty to local city, efforts should be made to improve urban images such as pleasant image, magnanimous image, dynamic image, and good administrative image.

3차원 영상 객체 휴먼팩터 알고리즘 측정에 관한 연구

최병관,Choi, Byungkwan 디지털산업정보학회 2018 디지털산업정보학회논문지 Vol.14 No.2

The 4th industrial revolution, digital image technology has developed beyond the limit of multimedia industry to advanced IT fusion and composite industry. Particularly, application technology related to HCI element algorithm in 3D image object recognition field is actively developed. 3D image object recognition technology evolved into intelligent image sensing and recognition technology through 3D modeling. In particular, image recognition technology has been actively studied in image processing using object recognition recognition processing, face recognition, object recognition, and 3D object recognition. In this paper, we propose a research method of human factor 3D image recognition technology applying human factor algorithm for 3D object recognition. 1. Methods of 3D object recognition using 3D modeling, image system analysis, design and human cognitive technology analysis 2. We propose a 3D object recognition parameter estimation method using FACS algorithm and optimal object recognition measurement method. In this paper, we propose a method to effectively evaluate psychological research techniques using 3D image objects. We studied the 3D 3D recognition and applied the result to the object recognition element to extract and study the characteristic points of the recognition technology.

Iris Image Enhancement for the Recognition of Non-ideal Iris Images

( Mazhar Sajjad ),( Chang-won Ahn ),( Jin-woo Jung ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.4

Iris recognition for biometric personnel identification has gained much interest owing to the increasing concern with security today. The image quality plays a major role in the performance of iris recognition systems. When capturing an iris image under uncontrolled conditions and dealing with non-cooperative people, the chance of getting non-ideal images is very high owing to poor focus, off-angle, noise, motion blur, occlusion of eyelashes and eyelids, and wearing glasses. In order to improve the accuracy of iris recognition while dealing with non-ideal iris images, we propose a novel algorithm that improves the quality of degraded iris images. First, the iris image is localized properly to obtain accurate iris boundary detection, and then the iris image is normalized to obtain a fixed size. Second, the valid region (iris region) is extracted from the segmented iris image to obtain only the iris region. Third, to get a well-distributed texture image, bilinear interpolation is used on the segmented valid iris gray image. Using contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) enhances the low contrast of the resulting interpolated image. The results of CLAHE are further improved by stretching the maximum and minimum values to 0-255 by using histogram-stretching technique. The gray texture information is extracted by 1D Gabor filters while the Hamming distance technique is chosen as a metric for recognition. The NICE-II training dataset taken from UBRIS.v2 was used for the experiment. Results of the proposed method outperformed other methods in terms of equal error rate (EER).

Gradation Image Processing for Text Recognition in Road Signs Using Image Division and Merging

Kyusoo Chong 한국ITS학회 2014 한국ITS학회논문지 Vol.13 No.2

This paper proposes a gradation image processing method for the development of a Road Sign Recognition Platform (RReP), which aims to facilitate the rapid and accurate management and surveying of approximately 160,000 road signs installed along the highways, national roadways, and local roads in the cities, districts (gun), and provinces (do) of Korea. RReP is based on GPS(Global Positioning System), IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit), INS(Inertial Navigation System), DMI(Distance Measurement Instrument), and lasers, and uses an imagery information collection/classification module to allow the automatic recognition of signs, the collection of shapes, pole locations, and sign-type data, and the creation of road sign registers, by extracting basic data related to the shape and sign content, and automated database design. Image division and merging, which were applied in this study, produce superior results compared with local binarization method in terms of speed. At the results, larger texts area were found in images, the accuracy of text recognition was improved when images had been gradated. Multi-threshold values of natural scene images are used to improve the extraction rate of texts and figures based on pattern recognition.

한국적(韓國的) 패션디자인에 대(對)한 영국(英國) 패션전문가(專門家)들의 인식(認識) 조사(調査)

박혜원 ( Hye Won Park ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2004 패션 비즈니스 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study is to find the recognition of Korean image fashion design by U.K fashion specialists. U.K is one of the important countries in design field including fashion design since 1960. For this purpose, literature research and focus individual interview research were carried. First, through the researches precedent, it was found that a national image is related with it`s design industry and what is Korean image fashion design, were studied. Second, for individual interviews to 13 U.K fashion specialists, who are teaching and researching in University that has postgraduate course over M.A and had industrial experiences from 7years to 22years, were progressed using open questions and visual image stimulus. The open questions were consisted with four parts : personal educational and industrial background, recognitions about oriental fashion, recognitions about Korean image and Korean fashion design before seeing the visual stimulus, recognition about Korean image fashion design and the characteristics of Korean after seeing the visual stimulus. The results are as follows; First, the 12 U.K specialists have recognized ``oriental fashion`` is one of important fashion trends now a days. Japan and Japanese designers are recognized as a represented nation and designer in oriental fashion by them. Two of the specialists referred to need changing the term ``oriental`` because the term has been used in the sights of western from colonial age and Japanese is not included the oriental any more. Secondly, 11 interviews have recognized nothing about the Korean national image some of them has negative image due to political situation in Korean Peninsula. However 2 interviews who had been Korea before has positive image. In the questions about Korean fashion and Korean fashion designers, 10 of 13 interviews have nothing and negative recognitions. So it was founded that Korean fashion design was recognized as a lower level by U. K. fashion specialists. Thirdly, in the questions about Korean fashion image and the design characteristics of Korean fashion after seeing the visual stimulus, the response was represented two directions. One is about over decorative image through ethnic design and the other is about simple image differ from Japanese. The 13 interviews felt the Korean Image fashion design such like traditional, decorative, opulent, flat cutting, fresh proportion, loose, layering, natural, simplicity, complicate, adventure, easy, stylish, soft, feminine, young image, adult sexy image. The images were analyzed five image groups : adult sexy image, adult ethnic image, natural image, young avant-garde image, young simple casual image. No one preferred the adult sexy image, adult ethnic image and natural image. However 10 interviews preferred young avant-garde group and 13 interviews preferred the young simple casual image. So this group can be understanded and useful informed as one of competitive power in global fashion industry.

들뢰즈의 『시네마 II: 시간-이미지』 - 베르그손에 관한 세 번째 주석

김형래(Kim, Hyungrae) 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2015 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.57

베르그손주의자인 들뢰즈는 그의 저서 『시네마』1,2권에서 베르그손에 관한 네 개의 주석을 달고 있는데, 여기서는 세 번째 주석을 다룬다. 세 번째 주석은 베르그손의 기억에 관한 이론으로서 들뢰즈는 이 이론을 통해 영화의 기억-이미지와 꿈-이미지를 설명한다. 본고는 특히 기억-이미지에 집중하여 들뢰즈의 영화 분석에 대한 미시적인 재분석과 검토를 시도한다. 베르그손의 분류에 따르면 기억은 습관적, 자동적 기억과 주의 깊은 기억이 있다. 자동적 기억은 반복 학습을 통해 주어진 것으로서 추상화된 기억인 반면에 주의 깊은 기억은 매우 구체적인 과거의 개별적 사건들의 모든 층위를 의미한다. 예컨대 목초지에서 풀을 뜯고 있는 소에게 풀은 소를 살찌우는 유용한 먹이일 뿐이다. 이때 풀은 추상화된 사물이다. 하지만 풀 사이에는 명백히 구분이 있다. 잔디와 잡초와 네잎클로버 등의 구체적인 풀들이 존재하는 것이다. 이처럼 자동적 재인에 의한 기억은 추상화된 기억이고 주의 깊은 재인에 의한 기억은 구체적인 기억의 잠재적인 층위들을 포괄한다. 중요한 것은 영화에서 자동적 기억은 감각-운동 도식의 이미지를 통해 유기적으로 표현되는 반면 주의 깊은 기억은 감각-운동 도식의 해체를 통해 비유기적인 순수 시청각적 이미지로 나타난다는 것이다. 이것은 근본적으로 제2차 세계대전 이후에 나타나는 영화의 시간-이미지의 등장과 궤를 같이 하는 현상이다. 본고는 특히 들뢰즈의 잠재태와 현실태라는 개념을 가지고 기억-이미지인 플래시백의 기능을 몇 가지 영화의 예들, 예컨대 데 시카의 <움베르토 D>, 로셀리니의 <유럽 ’51>, <스트롬볼리>, 카르네의 <태양은 떠오른다> 등을 통해 상세히 분석하는 동시에 영화에 대한 들뢰즈 분석의 오류를 검토하고 있다. The third comments on Bergson are on the differences between the automatic, or habitual recognition and the attentive recognition. On this basis, Deleuze explains about two time-images, say, recollection images and dream images. The attentive recognition in film means that the camera lingers on an object so that the spectators recollect the virtual, that is, the past and the future. At this moment, the movement-images based on the sensory-motor schema stop so as to enter into the realm of the time-images. The time-images mean here mainly the pure optical and sonic images that lead to the recollection images and dream images. Especially, it is important for us to differentiate the virtual from the actual. The actual is being actualized in the present, on the contrary, the virtual is being recalled from the past and the future so as to serve to the present. However, the virtual and the actual are not separated from each other, but they are exclusively related with each other. By the timeimages, this relation between the virtual and the actual leads to the indiscernible points. We can see these relations within the recollection images and dream images in the films after the WWII. This article deals, for the most part, with the recollection images that are made of flashbacks. For example, the films like Rosellini"s Europa ?51 and Stromboli, Carne"s Le Jour se leve and Godard"s Les Carabiniers have been mostly analysed. 베르그손주의자인 들뢰즈는 그의 저서 『시네마』1,2권에서 베르그손에 관한 네 개의 주석을 달고 있는데, 여기서는 세 번째 주석을 다룬다. 세 번째 주석은 베르그손의 기억에 관한 이론으로서 들뢰즈는 이 이론을 통해 영화의 기억-이미지와 꿈-이미지를 설명한다. 본고는 특히 기억-이미지에 집중하여 들뢰즈의 영화 분석에 대한 미시적인 재분석과 검토를 시도한다. 베르그손의 분류에 따르면 기억은 습관적, 자동적 기억과 주의 깊은 기억이 있다. 자동적 기억은 반복 학습을 통해 주어진 것으로서 추상화된 기억인 반면에 주의 깊은 기억은 매우 구체적인 과거의 개별적 사건들의 모든 층위를 의미한다. 예컨대 목초지에서 풀을 뜯고 있는 소에게 풀은 소를 살찌우는 유용한 먹이일 뿐이다. 이때 풀은 추상화된 사물이다. 하지만 풀 사이에는 명백히 구분이 있다. 잔디와 잡초와 네잎클로버 등의 구체적인 풀들이 존재하는 것이다. 이처럼 자동적 재인에 의한 기억은 추상화된 기억이고 주의 깊은 재인에 의한 기억은 구체적인 기억의 잠재적인 층위들을 포괄한다. 중요한 것은 영화에서 자동적 기억은 감각-운동 도식의 이미지를 통해 유기적으로 표현되는 반면 주의 깊은 기억은 감각-운동 도식의 해체를 통해 비유기적인 순수 시청각적 이미지로 나타난다는 것이다. 이것은 근본적으로 제2차 세계대전 이후에 나타나는 영화의 시간-이미지의 등장과 궤를 같이 하는 현상이다. 본고는 특히 들뢰즈의 잠재태와 현실태라는 개념을 가지고 기억-이미지인 플래시백의 기능을 몇 가지 영화의 예들, 예컨대 데 시카의 <움베르토 D>, 로셀리니의 <유럽 ’51>, <스트롬볼리>, 카르네의 <태양은 떠오른다> 등을 통해 상세히 분석하는 동시에 영화에 대한 들뢰즈 분석의 오류를 검토하고 있다. The third comments on Bergson are on the differences between the automatic, or habitual recognition and the attentive recognition. On this basis, Deleuze explains about two time-images, say, recollection images and dream images. The attentive recognition in film means that the camera lingers on an object so that the spectators recollect the virtual, that is, the past and the future. At this moment, the movement-images based on the sensory-motor schema stop so as to enter into the realm of the time-images. The time-images mean here mainly the pure optical and sonic images that lead to the recollection images and dream images. Especially, it is important for us to differentiate the virtual from the actual. The actual is being actualized in the present, on the contrary, the virtual is being recalled from the past and the future so as to serve to the present. However, the virtual and the actual are not separated from each other, but they are exclusively related with each other. By the timeimages, this relation between the virtual and the actual leads to the indiscernible points. We can see these relations within the recollection images and dream images in the films after the WWII. This article deals, for the most part, with the recollection images that are made of flashbacks. For example, the films like Rosellini"s Europa ?51 and Stromboli, Carne"s Le Jour se leve and Godard"s Les Carabiniers have been mostly analysed.

Super-Resolution Iris Image Restoration using Single Image for Iris Recognition

( Kwang Yong Shin ),( Byung Jun Kang ),( Kang Ryoung Park ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2010 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.4 No.2

Iris recognition is a biometric technique which uses unique iris patterns between the pupil and sclera. The advantage of iris recognition lies in high recognition accuracy; however, for good performance, it requires the diameter of the iris to be greater than 200 pixels in an input image. So, a conventional iris system uses a camera with a costly and bulky zoom lens. To overcome this problem, we propose a new method to restore a low resolution iris image into a high resolution image using a single image. This study has three novelties compared to previous works: (i) To obtain a high resolution iris image, we only use a single iris image. This can solve the problems of conventional restoration methods with multiple images, which need considerable processing time for image capturing and registration. (ii) By using bilinear interpolation and a constrained least squares (CLS) filter based on the degradation model, we obtain a high resolution iris image with high recognition performance at fast speed. (iii) We select the optimized parameters of the CLS filter and degradation model according to the zoom factor of the image in terms of recognition accuracy. Experimental results showed that the accuracy of iris recognition was enhanced using the proposed method.

저화질 영상 인식을 위한 화질 저하 모델 기반 다중 인식기 결합

김인중,류상진 한국정보처리학회 2010 정보처리학회논문지. 소프트웨어 및 데이터 공학 Vol.17 No.3

In this paper, we propose a multiple classifier combination method based on image degradation modeling to improve recognition performance on low-quality images. Using an image degradation model, it generates a set of classifiers each of which is specialized for a specific image quality. In recognition, it combines the results of the recognizers by weighted averaging to decide the final result. At this time, the weight of each recognizer is dynamically decided from the estimated quality of the input image. It assigns large weight to the recognizer specialized to the estimated quality of the input image, but small weight to other recognizers. As the result, it can effectively adapt to image quality variation. Moreover, being a multiple-classifier system, it shows more reliable performance then the single-classifier system on low-quality images. In the experiment, the proposed multiple-classifier combination method achieved higher recognition rate than multiple-classifier combination systems not considering the image quality or single classifier systems considering the image quality. 본 논문에서는 화질 저하 모델에 기반한 다중 인식기 결합을 이용하여 저화질 영상에 대한 인식 성능을 개선하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 화질 저하 모델을 이용해 특정 화질에 각각 특화된 복수의 인식기들을 생성한다. 인식 과정에서는 인식기들의 결과를 가중 평균에 의해 결합함으로써 최종 결과를 결정한다. 이 때, 각 인식기의 가중치는 입력 영상의 화질 추정 결과에 따라 동적으로 결정된다. 입력 영상의 화질에 특화된 인식기에는 큰 가중치를, 그렇지 않은 인식기에는 작은 가중치를 지정한다. 그 결과, 입력 영상의 화질 변이에 효과적으로 적응할 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 복수의 인식기를 사용하기 때문에 저화질 영상에 대하여 단일 인식 시스템보다 더욱 안정적인 성능을 나타낸다. 제안하는 다중 인식기 결합 방법은 화질을 고려하지 않은 다중 인식기 결합 방법이나, 화질을 고려한 단일 인식 방법과 비교하여 더 높은 인식률을 보였다.

The Effect of the Support from Seoul Foundation for Arts and Culture on Purchasing Intention for Dance Performance

( Yun Jung Lee ),( A Reum Han ),( Hee Jung Seo ),( Seung Tae Chin ),( Sun Jung Kim ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: Corporates have utilized sports sponsorship and mecenat as a method of corporate communication and as a part of integrated marketing communication. For performing arts, audiences` supports provide the application grounds as a tool of corporate communication. When a corporate supports a cultural organization, corresponding with corporate image and the event`s artistic merit promotion effect are applied orderly as an important decision standard. The researches related to mecenat haven`t been conducted much in Korea; therefore it`s hard to find these researches with academic approach. Thus, it is meaningful to evaluate the value of mecenat`s communication method. The purpose of this was to identify the casual relationship between the support of Seoul Foundation for Arts and Culture and purchasing intention for dance performance. Followings are the specific objectives of this study. First, defining the differences of foundation recognition, trust for foundation, and image for foundation based on recognition of Seoul Foundation for Art and culture`s support. Second, identifying the casual relationship among foundation recognition, trust for foundation, and image for foundation. Third, examining the casual relationship between trust for foundation and image for foundation. Fourth, examining the casual relationship among trust for foundation, image for foundation, and purchasing intention. Fifth, examining the casual relationship between purchasing intention and referral intention. Method: The study used convenience sampling method. 223 samples were collected on-site. The study used 193 samples for the data processing by excluding poorly answered samples. The sample consists of 39 men and 154 women. Among the them, there were 91 students, 53 housewives, 27 professionals, and 22 others.Their average age was 35 years old.The research tool was the questionnaire: one question asking if a participant is a supporter of Seoul Foundation for Arts and Culture; three questions about foundation recognition; three questions about trust for foundation; six questions about image for foundation; five questions about purchasing intention; and four questions about referral intention. Result: SPSS19.0 was used for data processing and the followings are the results. First, the participants` recognition of Seoul Foundation for Arts and Culture`s support makes a significant difference on participants` recognition of foundation, trust for foundation, and image for foundation. Second, the participants` recognition of foundation has significant effects on their trust for foundation and image for foundation.Third, the participants` trust for foundation has significant effects on their image for foundation. Fourth, the participants` trust for foundation and image for foundation have significant effect on their purchasing intention. Finally, the participants` purchasing intention has significant effects on their referral intention. Conclusion: Based on the study result, most of the mecenats need a long-term investment and a huge amount of investment to raise the recognition. However, the actual effect of the mecenats was not proven; so it`s hard for corporates to plan a long-term investment, resulting in low level of corporates` involvement in mecenats. However, it should be noted that mecenat is very effective for product image promotion. The findings of this study clearly shows that mecenat is the effective method for corporate communication.

레이져 레이다와 Spin Image를 이용한 자세 독립적 자동 타겟 인식

박장성,방효충 한국항공우주학회 2011 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

그동안 수많은 Target recognition 기법들이 개발되어 왔지만, 이러한 기법들은 저해상도의 data를 사용하기 때문에 target 식별력이 낮고, 사용가능한 컴퓨터의 제한적 성능 때문에 성공률이 제한되어왔다. 여기서 소개할 Pose-Independent automatic target recognition 은 Laser Radar의 고해상도 data를 이용하여 data해상도에 따른 제한을 줄이고, Target의 Position에 상관없이 target recognition이 가능한 Spin-image 기반의 기존의 알고리즘을 사용함으로써 target recognition이 어떻게 이루어지는지 살펴 보았다. 또한 기존의 Spin-image를 이용한 방법과는 달리 아이디어를 더하여 제한된 컴퓨터 성능에서도 더 빠른 계산이 가능하도록 단순화한 방법을 사용하였다. 이를 Simple Spin-image라고 하며 이는 1D 배열 형태의 데이터이다. 그런 후, Simple spin-image와 기존의 Spin-image의 target recognition 확률을 비교해 보았다. Laser Radar를 이용하여 Target Recognition을 하게 되면 고해상도의 Data를 이용하여 오차를 줄일 수 있다는 장점 외에도, target과 나의 상대적 위치와 거리를 자세하고 손쉽게 파악이 가능하기 때문에, 이를 이용 정밀 유도 및 착륙 도킹등에 활용하기가 쉽다는 장점이 있다. Although a number of target recognition techniques have been developed, these techniques have had limited success in target discrimination in part due to low resolution data and limits in available computation power. We present a Pose-Independent automatic target recognition that uses high resolution data from 3D Laser Radar. This has little noise by high resolution data and could recognize the target regardless of target's position by using spin-image based algorithm. We just add our simple idea to calculate faster then existing spin-image in low computational power. We call it Simple Spin-image that has a 1D array data. And then we compare probability of recognition between existing and Simple case. Except of advantage of using laser radar, small amount of error by using high resolution data, we can find easily the relative distance information. This information has advantages that can be easily used precision guidance, landing and docking