Comparative Study for Optimal Sizing of a Hybrid PV/Wind/Diesel/Battery Storage System by Metaheuristic Optimization Methods

Jae-Hoon Cho,Won-Pyo Hong 한국조명·전기설비학회 2016 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.30 No.4

In a hybrid energy system, different energy sources (photovoltaic (PV), wind, diesel, etc.) as well as energy storage devices are connected together to supply the electrical load. Since the produced power of PV and wind turbine (WT) is dependent on the variation of the resources (sun and wind) and the load demand fluctuates, the main attribute of such hybrid systems is the ability of satisfying the load at any time and storing the excess energy for the later use in deficit conditions. This paper presents a methodology to size and to optimize a stand-alone hybrid PV/Wind/Diesel/Battery bank minimizing the Total annual cost and Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) using a GA and PSO based optimization algorithm respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by Matlab software.In this paper, first the mathematical model of various parts of hybrid system is presented. Then, the proposed algorithm is used. Finally, simulation results (number of PV panels, number of wind turbines, number of battery storages, system total cost,power diagram of hybrid power system components) for solar-wind -diesel systems is presented.The simulation results of the proposed approach show that the use of PSO can be more efficient than GA in the size optimization of hybrid energy system.

An Approximate Equivalence Based on process Algebra and Numerical Computation and for Differential Semi-algebraic Hybrid Systems

Zhiwei Zhang,Jinzhao Wu,HouWen Liu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.10

In the paper, approximate ready trace equivalence for differential semi-algebraic hybrid system is proposed. The equivalence can be used to optimize differential semialgebraic hybrid system. The Concept is proposed on the basis of concrete process algebra and numerical analysis theory. In the approximate ready trace equivalence definition, we consider a cut operator for a polynomial and partial approximation for polynomial. Then we get a strict equivalence between two polynomials. Its advantage is that the new polynomial approximation method overcomes the drawback that traditional approximation method is not transitive, which can be used for automatic reasoning. In order to judge the two differential semi-algebraic hybrid system is equivalent, the axiom system for the approximate ready trace equivalence of differential semi-algebraic hybrid system is presented. This axiom system is a complete axiom system.

중층 및 고층 목조 건축물의 하이브리드 시스템 유형 분석

김윤미(Kim, Yoon-Mi),김영민(Kim, Yeong-Min) 대한건축학회 2022 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.38 No.11

The hybrid systems of timber buildings were classified into three types according to the composite and combination types: member level, sub-system level, and structural system level. The member level hybrid system is achieved when more than two structural materials including timber are composed to make a single member. A sub-system level hybrid system is achieved when various material types of structural members are mixed to make a single sub-structure. And a structural system level hybrid system is achieved when several sub-systems are combined to make a complete structural system. There were 44 cases of mid and high-rise timber buildings analyzed according to these three hybrid types. Sub-system and structural system level hybrid systems showed more application ratios than the member level hybrid system. As a building becomes taller, the system level hybrid system showed more application ratio. The combination tendency of the structural material showed that the combination of timber and concrete showed the highest application ratio, and that the timber, concrete, and steel showed half of that. As the building becomes taller, the combination of timber, concrete, and steel showed more application ratio to achieve more structural performance.

A Multiagent-Based Hybrid Power Control and Management of Distributed Power Sources

Gi-Gab Yoon,Won-Pyo Hong,Ki-Hong Lee 한국조명·전기설비학회 2011 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.25 No.8

In this paper, a multi-agent control system for DC-coupled photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC), ultracapacitor(UC) and battery hybrid power system is studied for commercial buildings & apartment buildings microgrid. In this proposed system, the PV system provides electric energy to the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen for future use and transfer to the load side, if possible. Whenever the PV system cannot completely meet load demands, the FC system provides power to meet the remaining load. A multi-agent system based-power management and control algorithm is proposed for the hybrid power system by taking into account the characteristics of each power source. The main works of this paper are hybridization of alternate energy sources with FC systems using long and short storage strategies to build the multi-agent control system with pragmatic design, and a dynamic model proposed for a PV/FC/UC/battery bank hybrid power generation system. A dynamic simulation model for the hybrid power system has been developed using Matlab/Simulink, SimPowerSystems and Stateflow. Simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-agent control and management system for building microgrid.

Experimental study of homogeneous charge compression ignition engine operation fuelled by emulated solid oxide fuel cell anode off-gas

Choi, Wonjae,Kim, Jaehyun,Kim, Yongtae,Kim, Seonyeob,Oh, Sechul,Song, Han Ho Elsevier 2018 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.229 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybrid system is a system that combines an SOFC with an additional power generation device to increase the efficiency of the system. The SOFC–gas turbine hybrid system has been primarily investigated for SOFC hybrid systems. However, the current power generation capacity of an SOFC is less than several MWs; for this generation capacity, an internal combustion engine is generally more efficient and economical than a gas turbine. Focusing on this point, recently, the concept of an SOFC–internal combustion engine hybrid system was proposed. However, the operation of this system has not been experimentally studied yet. In this paper, as the first step in an experimental investigation of the hybrid system, an experimental study on the operation of an internal combustion engine fuelled by SOFC anode off-gas was conducted. To successfully combust the SOFC anode off-gas, which includes a large amount of diluents (H<SUB>2</SUB>O and CO<SUB>2</SUB>), the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) method was selected instead of spark ignition as the combustion strategy of the internal combustion engine in the hybrid system. For the HCCI engine experiments, a single-cylinder HCCI engine and experimental equipment for emulating SOFC anode off-gas were constructed. Various HCCI engine experiments were performed while varying several system control parameters, e.g., the fuel utilization factor of an SOFC, which primarily affects the composition and flow rate of the engine intake gas. The experiments indicated that, in general system operating condition, HCCI engine operation yields a significant amount of power (w/25–30% gross indicated efficiency) and produces significantly low NO<SUB>x</SUB> emissions (<5 ppm @ O<SUB>2</SUB> 15%) under stable HCCI combustion (<5% COV IMEP<SUB>g</SUB>, which is the coefficient of variance of the gross indicated mean effective pressure). Considering that the experiment was performed using a small single-cylinder engine, these experimental results reveal that the use of an HCCI engine as the bottoming cycle in an SOFC hybrid system is promising. In addition, it has been found how each system control parameter affects HCCI engine operation. It was confirmed that HCCI engine operation was not always stable in all system operating conditions. System operating conditions that induce an exceedingly low engine load (<1.8 bar IMEP<SUB>g</SUB>, which is the gross indicated mean effective pressure) should be avoided as it decreases the stability of engine operation. Additionally, system operating conditions that make an engine intake gas with excessive dilution (fuel molar fraction < 0.125) should be avoided to decrease the amount of unburned CO emission and maintain a CO combustion efficiency higher than 90%.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Engine operation in the hybrid system is experimentally analysed for the first time. </LI> <LI> HCCI engine is experimented while varying the operating conditions of the system. </LI> <LI> HCCI engine yields a significant amount of power while emitting very low NO<SUB>x</SUB> emission. </LI> <LI> It has been found how each system control parameter affects HCCI engine operation. </LI> <LI> System operating conditions enabling successful HCCI engine operation are identified. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Schematic of solid oxide fuel cell – homogenous charge compression ignition engine hybrid system.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Facade 일체형 태양열 집열기를 갖는 태양열/지열 하이브리드 시스템의 태양열 집열시스템 작동특성 연구

백남춘(Baek Nam-Choon),이진국(Lee Jin-Kook),유창균(Yu Chang-kyun),윤응상(Yoon Eung-Sang),윤종호(Yoon Jong-Ho) 한국태양에너지학회 2010 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.30 No.5

In this study, the solar thermal and geo-source heat pump(GSHP) hybrid system for heating and cooling of Zero Energy Solar House(ZESH) was analyzed by experiment. The GSHP in this hybrid system works like as aback-up device for solar thermal system. This hybrid system was designed and installed for Zero Energy Solar House (KIER ZeSH) in Korea Institute of Energy Research. The purpose of this study is to find out that this system is optimized and operated normally for the heating load of ZeSH. The analysis was conducted as followings ; -the thermal performance of facade integrated solar collector -the on/off characteristics of solar system and GSHP -the contribution of solar thermal system. -the performance of solar thermal and ground source heat pump system respectively. -the meet of thermal load (space and water heating load). This experimental study could be useful for the optimization of this system as well as its application in house. This hybrid system could be commercialized for the green home if it is developed to a package type.

하이브리드 중간층 지진격리시스템의 고층 건물 진동 제어 성능 평가

김현수,강주원 한국공간구조학회 2018 한국공간구조학회지 Vol.18 No.3

A base isolation system is widely used to reduce seismic responses of low-rise buildings. This system cannot be effectively applied to high-rise buildings because the initial stiffness of the high-rise building with the base isolation system maintains almost the same as the building without the base isolation system to set the yield shear force of the base isolation system larger than the design wind load. To solve this problem, the mid-story isolation system was proposed and applied to many buildings. The mid-story isolation system has two major objectives; first to reduce peak story drift and second to reduce peak drift of the isolation story. Usually, these two objectives are in conflict. In this study, a hybrid mid-story isolation system for a tall building is proposed. A MR (magnetorheological) damper was used to develop the hybrid mid-story isolation system. An existing building with mid-story isolation system, that is “Shiodome Sumitomo Building” a high rise building having a large atrium in the lower levels, was used for control performance evaluation of the hybrid mid-story isolation system. Fuzzy logic controller and genetic algorithm were used to develop the control algorithm for the hybrid mid-story isolation system. It can be seen from analytical results that the hybrid mid-story isolation system can provide better control performance than the ordinary mid-story isolation system and the design process developed in this study is useful for preliminary design of the hybrid mid-story isolation system for a tall building.

암모니아 함유 악취폐가스의 광촉매반응공정과 바이오필터로 구성된 하이브리드시스템 처리

임광희 ( Eun Ju Lee ),이은주 ( Kwang Hee Lim ) 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.51 No.2

The hybrid system composed of a photocatalytic reactor and a biofilter was operated under various operating conditions in order to treat malodorous waste air containing ammonia which is a major air pollutant emitted from composting factories and many publicly owned treatment works. Total ammonia removal efficiency of the hybrid system was maintained to be ca. 80% even though its inlet loads were increased at a higher operating stage according to an operating schedule of the hybrid system. The ammonia removal efficiency of photocatalytic reactor was decreased from 65% to 22% as ammonia inlet loads to photocatalytic reactor were increased. In spite of same inlet loads of ammonia to the photocatalytic reactor, the ammonia removal efficiency of photocatalytic reactor with lower ammonia concentration of fed-waste air was higher than that with higher ammonia concentration of fed-waste air. To the contrary, during the first half of the hybrid system operation the ammonia removal efficiency of a biofilter was quite suppressed while, despite of increased ammonia inlet loads, the ammonia removal efficiency of the biofilter was continuously increased to 78% and reached the ammonia removal efficiency similar to what Lee et al. attained. The maximum ammonia elimination capacity of the photocatalytic reactor was observed to be ca. 16 g-N/m3/h. In an incipient stage of hybrid system run, the ammonia elimination capacity of the biofilter showed little sensitivity against ammonia inlet loads to the hybrid system. However, in the 2nd half of its run, the ammonia elimination capacity of the biofilter was increased abruptly in case of high ammonia inlet loads to the hybrid system. In 6th stage of hybrid system run, total ammonia inlet load attained at ca. 80 g-N/m3/h corresponding to 16 g-N/m3/h of ammonia elimination capacity of the photocatalytic reactor. Then, the remaining ammonia inlet load to the 2nd and main process of the biofilter and its elimination capacity was expected and shown to be ca 64 g-N/m3/h and ca 48 g-N/m3/h, respectively. The ammonia elimination capacity of the biofilter was close to 1,200 g-N/m3/day of the maximum elimination capacity of the investigation performed by Kim et al.

이기종 네트워크 환경에서의 하이브리드 멀티미디어 원격진료시스템의 설계

강호현,이민규,김동근,유선국 대한의료정보학회 2006 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.12 No.3

Objective: The advancement of computing capabilities and increase of available network bandwidths have resulted in an emergency telemedicine services which can provide high quality medical services. However, existing telemedicine systems mainly have offered a one to one communication configuration instead of a multi-connection configuration. Therefore, we suggested a hybrid multimedia telemedicine system to support the multi-patients services in wired and wireless (heterogeneous) network environments. Methods: We designed the hybrid multimedia telemedicine system consisting of 4 sub-systems, a patient system, a doctor system, a emergency monitoring system, and a multi-control server system. The patient system could deliver multimedia data of a patient to the emergency monitoring system or to the doctor system according to link configuration. The link configuration was decided as 'Flowing', or 'By-passing' in accordance the connection type of patient systems or doctor systems. At this time, as the multi-control server system considers the hybrid network, it monitored the patient's multimedia data and the state of emergency telemedicine services. Results: The hybrid multimedia telemedicine system including the multi-control server system performed the best communication configuration over heterogeneous networks. This system achieved high quality emergency telemedicine services through dynamic wired and wireless networks at real-time. Conclusion: This study represented a hybrid multimedia telemedicine system over heterogeneous networks in emergency cases. We expected that the designed system could provide not only the high quality services, tele-diagnosis and tele-consultation, but also the effective emergency telemedicine services to multi-patients in the heterogeneous network environments. (Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics 12-3,239-249, 2006)

공동주택 발코니공간을 이용한 하이브리드 환기시스템의 성능평가

원종서,송의,김태연,이승복 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.23 No.5

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the performance of hybrid ventilation system using the balcony space to solve the problem that mechanical ventilation systems have.The results of the simulation(TRNSYS and TRNFLOW) revealed that hybrid system was better than the constant mechanical system in indoor air quality and energy consumption. However, in mechanical ventilation mode, the two systems showed the similar in the concentration of pollutant. Also, hybrid ventilation method maintained the indoor thermal condition constantly during cooling and heating seasons.Regard to the energy consumption, the hybrid system could reduce 37% of heating, cooling and ventilation energy compared to constant airflow mechanical system.Therefore, the hybrid ventilation system using the balcony space in apartment housing would provide better comforts to the occupants and lower the energy consumption compared to the constant airflow ventilation system.