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Jin-Kyung Oh,Insop Shim 대한스트레스학회 2009 스트레스硏究 Vol.17 No.2
수면은 인간의 기초적인 생리적 기능으로서 인간생활의 1/3 정도를 차지하며 신체적, 정신적, 건강과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 불면증은 정신과적 질환, 신체장애, 스트레스와 일상의 중대한 변화 등과 같은 원인들에 의해서 발생하고, 특히 단기 불면증은 불안했던 경험과 그의 예상, 스트레스와 흔히 관련된다는 것이 일반적인 견해이다. 스트레스란 정서적, 인지적, 생물학적인 요인을 가지는 복합체로서, 과도한 스트레스는 인간의 여러 체계에 장기적, 단기적인 장애를 유발할 수 있고, 중추신경의 방어체계를 활성화시킨다. 스트레스가 어떠한 방식으로 수면에 영향을 미치는지는 명확하지 않으나, 수면구조와 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신(hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, HPA 축)의 활동사이의 밀접한 관계가 중요한 역할을 한다. 서파수면(slow-wave sleep)이 월등한 수면의 초기에는 HPA 축의 활동이 가장 현저하고 지속적으로 억제되어 있다. 반대로 렘(REM) 수면이 현저한 수면의 후반부는 HPA 분비 활동이 증가하여, 깨어난 직후에는 일중 최대치에 근접하게 된다. HPA 축과 교감신경계의 활동은 렘수면의 총체적인 양과 양성적인 관련성을 갖는다. 각성상태는 신경내분비와 신경전달물질 즉, HPA 축과 aminergic, cholinergic brainstem의 영향에 의해서 활성화되어진다. 수면과 각성상태의 조절은 이들 시스템의 상호작용에 의해서 이루어지고, 이들 시스템에 대한 이해를 통해서 스트레스와 수면과의 관계를 더 분명하게 밝힐 수 있음을 제안하였다. Sleep is an essential component in health and the quality of life of individual. Normally, sleep pattern changes with stress system. Stress is known to be a common cause of short-term insomnia and insomniacs often complain that stress induces sleep problems. Studies suggest that sleep deprivation may activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, one of the main neuroendocrine stress systems. In addition, sleep and wakefulness is regulated by the aminergic, acetylcholinergic brainstem and hypothalamic systems. Classically, activation of the HPA and/or the sympathetic nervous systems results in waking. In human beings or animals, these hormones, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol or corticosterone, noradrenaline, and adrenaline, are associated with attention, vigilance and arousal. An increased awareness of the close interaction between sleep and stress systems is also emerging. The hypothalamus is now recognized as a key center for sleep regulation, with hypothalalmic neurontransmitter systems providing the framework for therapeutic advances. An updated understanding of these systems should allow clinicians and researchers to better understand the effects of drugs, injury and neurologic disease on sleep and wakefulness. (Korean J Str Res 2009;17:209∼217)
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지골피(地骨皮)와 치자(梔子) 합제(合劑)가 강제수영부하실험에서 HPA-Axis와 Catecholamine system에 미치는 영향
오정진,이태희,Oh, Jeong-Jin,Lee, Tae-Hee 대한한의학방제학회 2012 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.20 No.1
Objectives : In this study the antidepressant effects of mixture of Lycii Radicis Cortex and Gardeniae Fructus on the change of HPA-Axis and Catecholamine system was investigated Methods : The forced swimming test was performed. The expression of CRF, c-Fos in the PVN, and TH in the VTA and LC were measured with immunohistochemical method. And the experimental groups were divided into the Extraction after Mix group(A) and Mix after Extraction group(B). The effects of both group were compared. Results : The duration of immobility in the FST was decreased significantly in three groups except B100(P<0.01). B100 was shown the significant increase(P<0.05). The expression of CRF in PVN was decreased significantly in all group(P<0.05~P<0.01). The expression of c-Fos in PVN was decreased in A100, A400 and was increased significantly in B100, B400(P<0.05). The expression of TH in VTA and LC were decreased significantly in all group(P<0.001). Conclusions : Effects of Extraction after Mix group(A) and Mix after Extraction group(B) on the HPA-Axis system and Catecholamine system were validated.
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주요우울증 환자의 삼환계 항우울제 투여에 따른 임상반응과 뇨 MHPG 및 혈장 Cortisol치와의 관계
오영미,황익근 大韓神經精神醫學會 1993 신경정신의학 Vol.32 No.6
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tricyclics on urinary MHPG level and plasma cortisol level and to investigate the interaction of noradrenergic system with HPA axis in major depression. The subjects were 24 inpatients with major depression diagnosed according to DSM-Ⅲ-R. Seventeen medical students and residents served as a control group. 24-hour uinary MHPG and plasma cortisol concentration at 08:00 a.m were measured at various points during treatment. The results were as follows : 1) No significant difference was found between the urinary MHPG excretion for either depressed patients or comparison subjects. 2) The pretreatment urinary MHPG level and therapeutic response to tricyclic antidepressants did not correlate. 3) Significant positive correlation was found between pretreatment 8:00 a.m. plasma cortisol levels and urinary MHPG levels in depressed patients(r=0.54, p<0.05). After tricyclics medication, negative correlation was observed, but was not significant(r=-0.41, p=NS).
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청피(靑皮)와 지골피(地骨皮) 복합제(複合劑)가 강제수영부하실험에서 CRF, c-Fos와 TH의 변화에 미치는 영향
이태희 ( Tae Hee Lee ),박수현 ( Soo Hyun Park ) 대한본초학회 2010 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.25 No.2
Objectives: In this study the antidepressant effects of mixture of Citri Peticulatae Viride Pericarpium and Lycii Radicis Cortex on the change of HPA-Axis and Catecholamic system was investigated Methods: The forced swimming test(FST) was performed. The expression of corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF), c-Fos in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN), and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in the ventral tegmental area(VTA) and locus coeruleus(LC) was measured with immunohistochemical method and the concentration of seum adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) was measured with ELISA method. And the experimental groups were divided into the extraction after mixing(A) and mixture after extraction(B). The effects of both group were compared. Results: The duration of immobility in the forced swimming test was significantly decreased in the A400 group(P<0.01). The expression of CRF in PVN were significantly reduced in the A100, A400, B100, B400groups(P<0.001). But the expression of c-fos in PVN weren`t reduced in all groups. And the concentration of ACTH in Plasma were significantly reduced in the A 100 group(P<0.01). The expression of TH in LC were significantly reduced in the A 400, B 100 and B400 groups(P<0.05~P<0.01). Conclusion: Mixture of Citri Peticulatae Viride Pericarpium and Lycii Radicis Cortex has antidepressant effects. But the difference between mixing and extracting methods was not shown.
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주요우울증 환자의 삼환계 항우울제 투여에 따른 임상반응과 뇨 MHPG 및 혈장 Cortis이치와의 관계
오영미,황익근 대한신경정신의학회 1993 신경정신의학 Vol.32 No.6
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tricyclics on urinary M H PG level and plasma cortisol level and to investigate the interaction of noradrenergic system with HPA axis in major depression. The subjects were 24 inpatients with major depression diagnosed according to DSM-III-R. Seventeen medical students and residents served as a control group. 24-hour uinary M H PG and plasma cortisol concentration at 08 : 00 a.m were measured at various points during treatment The results were as follows: 1) No significant difference was found between the urinary MH PG excretion for either depressed patients or comparison subjects. 2) The pretreatment urinary M H PG level and therapeutic response to tricyclic antidepressants did not correlate. 3) Significant positive correlation was found between pretreatment 8 : 00 a.m. plasma cortisol levels and urinary M H PG levels in depressed patients(r=0.54, p<0.05). After tricyclics medication, negative correlation was observed, but was not significant(r= — 0.41,p=N S).
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