외식 프랜차이즈 슈퍼바이저(Supervisor) 역할에 관한 연구

이정철(Lee Jung-Cheol),김재곤(Kim Jae-Gon),박재완(Park Jae-Wan) 한국문화산업학회 2005 문화산업연구 Vol.5 No.1

Recently, Franchise are increasing at Food Service Industry. Specialty, A Functions of Supervisor are makes important because he is bridge between Franchisee and Franchiser. But, A Study on the Supervisor are limits at management and education of franchisee. So, This Study is case study for fast food restaurant and Korean style franchise restaurant builds up franchise system. Result, First Instruction to functions and cases of franchise supervisor. Second three types suggestions. First, Necessary of supervisor cultivate men of ability to education and training. Second, Positive support of franchiser for supervisor managing, payment, competence, the number of supervisor etc. Thirds, Active study function, ability, education, training relationship, leadership on supervisor of food service industry franchise. Recently, Franchise are increasing at Food Service Industry. Specialty, A Functions of Supervisor are makes important because he is bridge between Franchisee and Franchiser. But, A Study on the Supervisor are limits at management and education of franchisee. So, This Study is case study for fast food restaurant and Korean style franchise restaurant builds up franchise system. Result, First Instruction to functions and cases of franchise supervisor. Second three types suggestions. First, Necessary of supervisor cultivate men of ability to education and training. Second, Positive support of franchiser for supervisor managing, payment, competence, the number of supervisor etc. Thirds, Active study function, ability, education, training relationship, leadership on supervisor of food service industry franchise.

국내 프랜차이즈 사업 성공요인 분석

송지현(Ji-Hyun Song),조계범(Gye-Beom Jo) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2018 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.23 No.4

In this paper, We conducted to find out what factors may affect the development of franchise businesses by reviewing the success factors of the domestic franchise business. The research was conducted by the CEOs of Gwangju and Jeonnam Franchise Business and a total of 137 items were used in the empirical analysis. Factors influencing success of the franchise business were designed in five areas : ability of the franchise CEO, franchise system, brand management, capacity of the parent store, and product differentiation. We conducted multiple regression analysis and simple regression analysis for the research assumptions, Validation of the relationship between variables revealed that the ability of the franchise CEOs, franchise systems, brand management, and product differentiation did not significantly affect the increase in member sales, so the ability of the shareholders to increase their sales was important. However, the impact on revenue growth at franchise headquarters has all been significant, The increase in sales of franchises has a significant influence on the increase in profits of franchise headquarters, the report said. It was also found that an increase in the sales of franchises has a significant influence on the success of franchises. Finally, it was revealed that increasing profits at franchise headquarters significantly affects the success of the franchise business.

프랜차이즈 가맹본부 특성과 경영성과 간의 연구: 가맹점 재무자료의 매개효과를 통하여

유익수,최문수 한국경영교육학회 2017 경영교육연구 Vol.32 No.6

[Purpose]The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of franchise headquarters and franchisee characteristics on management performance and whether franchisee financial performance plays a mediating role between franchise headquarters characteristics and management performance. [Methodology]This study extracts characteristics of franchise headquarters and financial data of franchise using the information disclosure book published on the homepage of the Fair Trade Commission affiliate business transaction, and examines existing prior studies and draws the hypothesis necessary for this study. [Findings]Franchising period did not affect the average sales of the franchisees. the advertising expenditure and Promotion costs, the franchising period, the duration of franchise contracts and number of retail stores were analyzed to affect the net profit of franchise headquarters. The average sales of the franchisees was analyzed as mediating between advertising costs and promotional expenses, duration of franchise contracts, number of retail stores, and net profit of franchise headquarters. [Implications]Among the characteristics of the franchise headquarters, advertising expenses, promotional expenses, duration of franchise contracts, duration of franchise contracts, and number of retail stores were found to be important factors in net profit of affiliated headquarters. [연구목적]본 연구는 프랜차이즈 가맹본부 및 가맹사업자 특성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향, 가맹점 재무성과가 가맹본부 특성과 경영성과 간에 매개역할을 하는지 파악하였다. [연구방법]본 연구는 공정거래위원회 가맹사업거래 홈페이지에 게시된 정보공개서를 활용하여 프랜차이즈 가맹본부 특성 및 가맹점 재무자료를 추출하고, 기존 선행연구들을 검토하여 본 연구에 필요한 가설을 도출하였다. 추출된 자료에 대하여 기초 통계분석, 상관관계분석 및 회귀분석을 통해 가설을 검증하였다. [연구결과]브랜드 수를 제외한 광고비와 판촉비, 가맹사업기간, 가맹계약기간 및 직영점 수는 가맹점 순증감수에 영향을 미치고, 가맹사업기간은 가맹점 평균매출액에 영향을 미치지 않았고, 브랜드 수를 제외한 광고비와 판촉비, 가맹사업기간, 가맹계약기간 및 직영점 수는 가맹본부의 당기순이익에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 가맹점 순증감수는 브랜드 수를 제외한 광고비와 판촉비, 가맹사업기간, 가맹계약기간 및 직영점 수와 가맹본부 당기순이익 간에 매개역할 하는 것으로 나타났다. 가맹점 평균매출액은 브랜드 수 및 가맹사업기간을 제외한 광고비와 판촉비, 가맹계약기간 및 직영점 수와 가맹본부 당기순이익 간에 매개역할을 하는 것으로 분석되었다. [연구의 시사점]가맹본부 특성 중 광고비와 판촉비, 가맹사업기간, 가맹계약기간 및 직영점 수가 가맹본부 당기순이익에 중요한 요인으로 파악되어, 본 연구를 통하여 프랜차이즈 경영전략에 반영할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

우리나라 가맹사업법의 현주소

최영홍 서강대학교 법학연구소 2007 서강법학 Vol.9 No.1

Franchising has become generally popular from the late 1960s in USA. As its popularity grew so did abuses and perceived abuses. Concerns were raised particularly about the degree of control the franchisor excised over the franchisees including the power to terminate the franchise. The extent of control excised by the franchisor over the franchisee has been the subject of considerable regulation. Recognizing the disparity in bargaining power between the franchisor and franchisee and franchisee's usual making a substantial investment, franchisor's control is restricted by a thicket of laws. Similar to the franchise statutes of USA, Korea Fair Franchise Practices Act(KFPA) was enacted in 2002 to regulate the franchise abuses. It consists of 44 sections which provides the franchise relations including, but not limited to, the code of conduct of both parties of the franchise agreement, prohibitions of the unfair trade practices, restriction of the franchise termination by franchisor respectively and provides the Offering Circular containing the information about the identity of franchisor and its business realities. Given all the rationales of the restrictions of franchisor's control, KFPA status quo cannot escape from the criticism that it regulates franchisor too rigidly. For example, it requires a franchisor sending three-time prior notice and giving at least two months to cure the deficiencies uniformly to terminate the franchise with only a few narrow exceptions. But this issue is not even touched in the hearing session of the Congress, which is fortunately held now to discuss the amendment of KFPA. Meaningful discussion is required to make the statute be more impartial and helpful to the sound development of franchising in Korea. If not the case, and this opportunity elapses, far more efforts be needed to correct the unfareness contained in KFPA than ever before.

국내 프랜차이즈 기업의 원가 행태에 관한 연구

여승호,구정호 한국회계정책학회 2019 회계와 정책연구 Vol.24 No.3

[Purpose]This study aims to test how the cost behavior of a franchise company that generates profits through interaction with franchisees by expanding the value chain of a single company to franchisees is different from that of a non-franchise company. Furthermore, this study is to clarify the characteristics and problems of the franchise by identifying the differences in cost management to support franchisees when the sales of franchise headquarters decrease due to the decrease in the demand of franchisees according to the business type related to the franchise management policy of the franchise headquarters which affect the competitiveness of franchisees. [Methodology]This study used a total of 2,115 companies-year samples from 2000 to 2016 extracted from Kis-Value of Korea Credit Rating (Stock) for companies subject to external auditing act of corporation, which were registered with an information disclosure form at the Fair Trade Commission as of December 31, 2017. The model for analysis used is a multiple regression model by Anderson et al.(2003) and further analysis was conducted to ensure the robustness of the conclusion. [Findings]As a result of the study, the business characteristics of franchise companies tended to increase the cost reduction when the sales decreased compared to non-franchise companies. Furthermore, we have confirmed that among franchise companies, there is a difference in the functional role of franchisees depending on whether they are business franchises or product distribution franchises, so that when sales declined product distribution franchises are relatively more reducing cost than business franchises. This result means that the franchise's business characteristics are easy to enter and withdraw from the franchise business because of low investment costs and fixed operating costs, and that the surplus is immediately controlled if the demand for franchisees decreases. In addition, among franchise companies, product distribution franchises reflect the reality of the domestic franchise market, which is inevitably weakening the competitiveness of franchisees because they pursue short-term profitability of franchise headquarters rather than long-term support for franchisees compared to business franchises. [Policy Implications]The results of this study suggest that in order to strengthen the competitiveness of franchisees in the domestic franchise market, franchise companies need to transform their business form into a business franchise and strengthen their management support functions for franchisees through long-term investments. Second, this study is the first study on the cost behavior of franchise companies. In the future, it is necessary to expand the understanding of the characteristics of franchise businesses and the characteristics of enterprises through further research on various factors affecting cost behavior. This additional discussion will provide useful information for decision making by various stakeholders, including franchisee owners, investors, and governments, related to the franchise business. [연구목적]단일 기업의 가치사슬을 가맹점으로 확장하여 가맹점과 상호작용을 통하여 수익을 창출해 가는 프랜차이즈 기업의 원가 행태가 비프랜차이즈 기업과 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 검증한다. 더 나아가 프랜차이즈 기업을 대상으로 가맹본부의 가맹점 관리 정책과 관련된 사업 형태에 따라 가맹점의 수요 감소로 가맹본부의 매출이 감소하는 경우 가맹점을 지원하기 위한 원가 관리에 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 원가 행태를 이용하여 규명하고자 한다. [연구방법]본 연구는 Anderson et al.(2003)의 다중회귀모형을 이용한 실증 분석을 위해 2017년 12월 31일 현재 공정거래위원회에 정보공개서가 등록되어 있는 기업 중 외감법을 적용받는 기업을 대상으로 한국신용평가㈜의 Kis-Value에서 추출한 2000년부터 2016년까지 총 2,100개의 기업-연도 표본을 사용하였다. [연구결과]첫째, 프랜차이즈 기업은 총원가, 판매관리비의 하방경직성을 약화시켜 비프랜차이즈 기업보다 매출 감소 시 원가의 감소를 더 크게 하는 행태를 보였다. 둘째, 프랜차이즈 기업의 사업 형태를 사업형 프랜차이즈와 제품유통형 프랜차이즈로 구분할 때, 제품유통형 프랜차이즈 기업은 사업형 프랜차이즈 기업보다 매출 감소 시 원가를 상대적으로 더 크게 줄이고 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 프랜차이즈 기업의 특성이 비프랜차이즈 기업과 비교하여 상대적으로 투자비용과 고정적 운영비용이 낮아 가맹사업에 진입과 철수가 용이하므로 가맹점 수요가 감소하는 경우 즉각적으로 잉여자원을 조절하고 있음을 시사한다. 또한, 프랜차이즈 기업 중 제품유통형 프랜차이즈는 사업형 프랜차이즈와 비교하여 볼 때, 가맹본부의 가맹점에 대한 기능적 역할에 차이가 있고 가맹점에 대한 장기적인 관점에서의 지원보다는 가맹본부의 단기적인 수익성을 추구하기 때문에 가맹점의 경쟁력이 약화될 수밖에 없는 국내 프랜차이즈 시장의 현실을 반영한다고 볼 수 있다. [정책적 시사점]첫째, 국내 프랜차이즈 시장에서 가맹점의 경쟁력을 강화하기 위해서는 프랜차이즈 기업이 사업 형태를 사업형 프랜차이즈로 전환하여 장기적인 관점에서 적극적인 투자를 통하여 가맹점에 대한 경영지원의 기능을 강화함으로써 가맹점과 상생해 가는 전략이 필요함을 제기하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 둘째, 본 연구는 프랜차이즈 기업의 원가 행태에 관한 최초의 연구로써 향후 프랜차이즈 기업의 원가 행태에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인들에 대한 추가적인 연구를 통하여 가맹사업과 프랜차이즈 기업의 특성에 대한 이해를 넓히는 토대가 될 것이다. 이러한 추가적인 논의는 프랜차이즈 사업과 관련된 가맹점주, 투자자, 정부 등 다양한 이해관계자들의 의사결정에 유용한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

프랜차이즈 유통산업에서 환경 동태성이 가맹점의 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Han-Seong Park,김준호,Jong-Pil Yu 한국유통과학회 2018 유통과학연구 Vol.16 No.3

Purpose - This study empirically examines the effects of environmental dynamics(dynamics of one's own company, dynamics of competitors, and dynamics of customers), within the franchise industry, on the dependence and conflict(dysfunctional conflict and functional conflicts) and the business performances(financial and non-financial). Furthermore, we empirically examined the effects of the dependence of franchise on the conflicts(dysfunctional conflict and functional conflict) and business performances(financial and non-financial). Finally, we empirically examined the effects of the conflicts of franchise (dysfunctional conflict and functional conflict) on the business performances(financial and non-financial). Research design, data, and methodology – Our study conducted a survey on the managers and owners of the franchises located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon. The total number of valid samples was 230, and the structural equation model was analyzed by using AMOS program. Results – First, the environmental dynamics(dynamics of one’s own company, dynamics of competitors, and dynamics of customers) in the franchise industry were shown to have statistically significant positive effect on the dependence of franchise. Second, among the environmental dynamics in the franchise industry, the dynamics of one’s own company and the dynamics of the customers were shown to have a statistically significant positive effect on the dysfunctional conflicts of franchisees. However, in the franchise industry, the dynamics of competitors did not have a statistically significant effect on the dysfunctional conflict of the franchise. Third, in the franchise industry, the environmental dynamics(dynamics of one’s own company, dynamics of competitors, and dynamics of customers) did not have a statistically significant effect on the functional conflicts of the franchises. Fourth, the dependence of franchise was shown to have a statistically significant positive effect on the conflicts(dysfunctional conflict and functional conflict). Fifth, the dysfunctional conflict of franchisees was shown to have a statistically significant negative effect on the business performances(financial and non-financial). Sixth, the functional conflicts of franchises was shown to have a statistically significant positive effect on business performances(financial and non-financial). Conclusions – From the franchise industry researches, the environmental dynamics were selected as the preceding factors and the relationship leading to dependence, conflict, and business performance were constructed into model.

일본의 프랜차이즈 계약에 관한 법적 규제

김원규(Kim, WeonGyu),우석희(Woo, SeokHee) 한양법학회 2010 漢陽法學 Vol.29 No.-

Franchises can take advantage of other person's capital and competent person for franchiser and unfold business rapidly. Also, franchisee utilizes brand or know-how etc. that franchiser offers and have characteristic that can start separatively. Therefore, many businessman who utilize franchises business are entering newly to market of wide field. In the meantime, as business activity that use franchises increases, dispute that enclose franchise agreement between franchiser and franchisee businessman is increasing. Accordingly, our country established “Law about fair of affiliation business transaction” at May, 2002, and introduced system that require system that register open three of information and system that do affiliation money do salute and franchise agreement's renewal at August, 2007. On the other hand, Japan is endeavoring to prevent dispute about franchise as the United States of America and control this, but legislation of general law is not consisting up to now. Dispute about franchise agreement of Japan is arising to problem that receive relief that person concerned is administration of justice through court than Fair Trade Commission. Franchise agreement is prescribing about binding about franchisee mainly here as continuous transaction contract that promise various kinds right and relation of duty between franchiser and franchisee. But, method is various about binding, and also, because there is much kinds in franchise's types of business or personality of franchise business, it argues by to weigh the difference or may speak that decent thing is impossible. But, because many binding articles are prescribed in franchise agreement thus, need to examine circumspectly whether it is possible that franchiser restricts franchisee to where. Also, is ?Unfair trade practices’ general appointment’ that it takes spare ?Unfair trade practices’ prohibition’ of Anti Trust Law article 19, justice regulation of ?Unfair trade practices’ of same law article 2 9 clauses and these contents that control this point. Therefore, because Anti Trust Law's standard is made out at September 20, 1983 to administer franchise business, pronounced Fair Trade Commission's “Anti Trust Law's guide la about franchise system” is unique. Therefore, need to consider Anti Trust Law's regulation always that administer interpretation and correction of franchise agreement article and franchise fledgling as for franchiser and confirm carefully binding to some measure is reasonable and proper thing.

프랜차이즈 계약관리레버리지를 활용한 프랜차이즈 기업의 성과 분석과 전망 - 치킨 · 커피 프랜차이즈 브랜드를 중심으로

이성훈,이성희 한국프랜차이즈경영학회 2015 프랜차이즈경영연구 Vol.6 No.2

ABSTRACT This study attempts to measure the performance of franchise brands using the Enterprise Contract Management(ECM) and Franchise Contract Management Leverage(FCML). The data were collected from 14 chicken franchise brands and 16 coffee franchise brands. This research suggests some implications as follows. Chicken franchise brands are confronted with the slow growth, but coffee franchise brands still have the potential growth. According to FCML, as well, it shows that chicken franchise brands should focus on qualitative performance through franchise store management to achieve sustainability, and coffee franchise brands need the managerial strategies to maximize franchisees’ sales profit, which leads increasing franchisor’s business performance ultimately.

Should Franchise Restaurant Companies Own So Much Real Estate?

Abraham Park People&Global Business Association 2016 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.21 No.1

This paper examines the performance effects of corporate real estate (CRE) ownership for franchise restaurant companies. Although several studies have investigated the performance effects of franchise firms (Leleux et al., 2003; Aliouche and Schlentrich, 2009; Hsu and Jang, 2009; Madanoglu et al., 2011; Aliouche, Kaen and Schlentrich, 2012), no previous study has focused on the performance effects of corporate real estate ownership on franchise restaurant companies. McDonald s was one of the earliest of companies that have extensively used CRE as a source of strategic advantage and as a way to reduce the agency costs associated with franchising. As retail companies seek to assemble valuable CRE portfolios that can generate sustainable competitive advantages, inferior or inefficient locations can significantly undermine their long-term financial performance. Furthermore, the existing franchise research has largely ignored the danger of over-exposure of real estate risk, as highlighted by the most recent global financial crisis. For these reasons and more, CRE ownership has the potential to significantly impact the performance of franchise restaurant companies and this paper seeks to fill this gap in franchise literature. By testing the effect of CRE ownership level on abnormal returns (Jensen s alpha) and systematic risk (beta) of public franchise restaurant companies, we find that the CRE level has a significantly negative impact on the abnor-mal returns and significantly positive impact on the systematic risk of franchise restaurant firms, as well as restau-rants in general. Considering that non-franchise companies have higher average levels of CRE ownership, this study provides a partial explanation as to the outperformance of franchise restaurant companies compared to non-franchise restaurant companies.

가맹본부의 지원제도가 본부에 대한 태도 및 가맹점의 재무성과에 미치는 영향: 지역상권 경쟁강도의 조절효과를 중심으로

이호택,김문섭,정연승 한국유통과학회 2015 유통과학연구 Vol.13 No.4

Purpose - This article aims to present and test a model regarding franchisors' supporting activities that may positively influence franchisees' attitude toward the franchising headquarter and their own business performance. Moreover, the authors examine the moderating effect of competitive intensity between franchisee attitude and business performance. Most previous research focused on behavioral performance measurements such as satisfaction, trust, and commitment. There are few empirical studies that focus on financial performance data because it is difficult to determine a relational mechanism between behavioral and financial performance. Moreover, financial data is confidential and difficult to collect in many cases. However, this study measures financial performance (e.g., sales revenue per square meter) differently than most previous research, which is mostly focused on the behavioral performance measurements. Research design, data, and methodology - To test our hypotheses, we selected 137 franchisee managers who are running chains of one of the foremost bakery franchise brands in South Korea. This study carefully investigated the reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the proposed instrument by analyzing the data obtained from the samples. The data was analyzed using the AMOS structural equation modeling program.Results - The results indicated that: non-financial support activities (e.g., information exchange and communication) had a positive impact on the franchisee attitude toward the franchising headquarter. The franchisee attitude in turn had a positive effect on the headquarters’ business performance. Furthermore, competitive intensity could enhance the relationship between franchisee attitude toward franchising headquarter and business performance in a local franchise market. However, financial support activities (e.g., rewards and promotional support) and training had no relationship with either franchisee attitude or business performance. Conclusions - This study provides some practical implications to franchisors in terms of franchise operation and store opening strategies. With respect to the franchise operation strategy, franchisors need to focus on non-financial rather than financial support. Most franchisees consider the necessity of financial support activities and not their sufficiency because these activities are specified in their franchise contract. In addition, it is important for franchisees to maintain a positive attitude for the franchise headquarters. The franchisees with a positive attitude for the franchisor can show a high degree of solidarity for various support activities, and it consequently determines franchisees' sales performance. In terms of franchise store opening strategy, this study suggests an additional criterion that can be considered in determining the location of direct and non-direct management stores (e.g., franchisees’ stores). In this research, franchise stores located within high level of competitive intensity are shown to have a high relationship between franchisee attitudes of franchisor support activities and business performance compared to the franchisees located within low competitive intensity level. This result shows that opening non-direct franchise stores is more effective than direct stores in higher competitive market situations. Research contribution, implications, and further research directions are discussed at the end of the paper.