Experimental study on flotation of graphite with inorganic electrolytes solution

Wenze Kang,Shufang Ding,Huijian Li,Hong Zhao 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.6

To study the effect of inorganic electrolyte solution on graphite flotation, 19 kinds of inorganic electrolytes, including nitrate, chloride and sulfate were selected as experimental electrolytes. The flotation experiment was carried out on graphite and the contact angle and surface potential of the interaction between inorganic electrolyte solution and graphite were studied. The results show that flotation effect and flotation rate of the three ion valence inorganic electrolytes follow the order: nitrate < chloride < sulfate and univalent < bivalent < trivalent (except Ba(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2). When the ion valence are the same, the larger the ion atomic number, the better effect on graphite flotation. Cations in inorganic electrolyte solutions are the main factors affecting mineral flotation. When the cationic type and concentration are the same, different flotation effects are attributed to different anions. For low ion valence inorganic electrolyte solution with weak foaming effect, a certain dose of frother can be added appropriately to improve the flotation effect of graphite. The high ion valence inorganic electrolyte solution has strong foaming effect, and it is not necessary to add a frother. The principle of inorganic electrolyte solution promoting graphite flotation is analyzed from the aspects of liquid phase property, gas–liquid interface property, contact angle and surface potential. It is proved that inorganic electrolyte solution as flotation medium can promote the effective flotation of graphite.

포말부상법과 가압부상법의 고액분리 효율 비교 (I) - 표면활성물질의 영향 -

김익열 ( Ig-yeol Kim ),이경동 ( Gyeong-dong Lee ),라덕관 ( Deog-gwan Ra ) 한국환경기술학회 2012 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.13 No.4

표면활성물질을 첨가한 포말부상법과 가압부상법을 이용하여 현탁액의 고액분리 실험을 수행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 포말부상과 가압부상 실험에서 적합한 pH는 Casein 4, Gelatin 5이었다. 이때 고액분리 효율은 포말부상에서 Casein을 첨가했을 때 60.5%, Gelatin 37.4%, 가압부상에서 Casein을 첨가 했을때 74.1%, Gelatin 48.9%의 고액분리 효율을 나타내었다. 표면활성물질 첨가량이 증가할수록 고액분리 효율은 증가하였으나, 적합한 첨가량은 두 방법 모두 40mg/L정도로 나타났다. 표면활성물질을 첨가한 현탁액의 고액분리 효율은 가압부상이 포말부상에 비하여 우수하였다. 가압부상이 포말부상에 비하여 Casein을 첨가하면 13.6%, Gelatin을 첨가하면 11.5%의 고액분리효율이 증가되었고, 표면활성물질은 Casein이 Gelatin보다 우수하였다. This study was conducted to test the removal efficiency of suspended solid by dissolved air flotation adding surface active materials. Accomplished result is same as following. The optimum conditions to solid-liquid separate on each method, form flotation and dissolved air flotation, were shown pH 4 on case of casein and pH 5 on gelatin, respectively. Additionally, the efficiency of solid-liquid separation by casein and gelatin were accomplished to 60.5%, 37.4% on form flotation and 74.1%, 48.9% on dissolved air flotation. Even though the separation efficiency was increased with surface active material dosage, the optimum dosage rate was determined to 40mg/L on each method. On comparing the solid-liquid separation efficiency for surface active material added into suspension, the case of dissolved air flotation was superior to form flotation. Additionally, when the surface active materials, casein, gelatin, were added to each method, the efficiency for dissolved air flotation were increased to 13.6%, 11.5% comparing to foam flotation result. And casein was more effective in accomplishing the above result than gelatin as a surface active material.

인도네시아 잠비산 동광석의 부유선별 특성 연구

김학순 ( Hak Soon Kim ),전호석 ( Ho Seok Jeon ),김병곤 ( Byoung Gon Kim ),백상호 ( Sang Ho Baek ) 한국광물학회 2010 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.23 No.3

인도네시아 잠비산 복합 동광석을 대상으로 고품위 동 정광생산을 위한 부유선별 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 시료는 대부분 탄산염인 공작석으로 이루어져 있으나, 일부 황화동이 존재하여 자연부유도가 높은 황화동을 먼저 부유선별에 의해 회수한 다음, 침강산물로부터 산화동 회수를 위한 공정을 적용하였다. 먼저 황화동 부유선별에서는 잔세이트(xanthate) 계열의 포수제인 AP-211과 AP-242를 1:1의 비율로 300 g/t 첨가하고, 광액 pH 6인 조건에서 Cu 품위와 회수율이 각각 57.7%와 9.5%인 동 정광을 얻었다. 그리고 침전된 산물을 대상으로 지방산 포수제인 올레인산을 300 g/t, 기포제 첨가량 50 g/t, 광액 pH 8.0, 그리고 정선횟수 2회인 조건에서 Cu의 품위와 회수율이 각각 30.8%와 92.1%인 결과를 얻었다. 회수된 황화동 및 산화동 정광을 합산한 결과 최종적으로 Cu의 품위와 회수 율이 36.1%와 92.7%인 결과를 얻었다. Froth flotation of complex copper ore from Indonesia Jambi mine has been carried out to produce high-grade Cu concentrate. Since the ore contained minor Cu sulfides in addition to major Cu carbonate (malachite), copper concentrate was recovered by two-stage process of flotation, which consisted of copper sulfide flotation using xanthate followed by copper oxide flotation using oleic acid. The copper sulfide concentrate of 57.5% Cu grade with 9.5% recovery was obtained by copper sulfide flotation under conditions of 300 g/t collector (1:1 mixture of xanthate series Aero Promoter 211 and Aero Promoter 242) and pH 6.0 pulp. In subsequent copper oxide flotation on sink products, the concentrate of 30.8% Cu grade with 92.1% recovery was obtained under the conditions of oleic acid 300 g/t, AF65 50 g/t, pH 8.0 and 2 times cleaning. The flotation techniques which can achieve a Cu grade of 36.1% and a recovery of 92.1% have been developed from the two-stage process of flotation.

연탄재 부유선별에서 고정탄소의 산화가 유상포수제 첨가량에 미치는 영향

유승우,정문영,박홍규 한국자원공학회 2009 한국자원공학회지 Vol.46 No.5

연탄재의 순환자원화를 위하여 미연탄소와 광물질의 선별이 필요하다. 일반적으로 석탄은 천연적인 소수성 물질로 자연부유도가 높다. 그러나 심하게 산화를 받은 경우에는 그의 소수성이 약화된다. 따라서 연탄재에 존재하는 미연탄소는 연소과정에서 심하게 산화를 받았기 때문에 부유선별 시 어려움이 예상된다. 이에 고정탄소의 산화가 유상포수제 첨가량에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 연탄의 출발물질인 무연탄과 연탄재를 비교하여 부선실험을 실시하였다. 무연탄 부선에서는 유상포수제의 첨가 없이도 고정탄소 기준으로 실수율이 약 70%이었다. 그리고 유상포수제의 첨가량이 증가할수록 실수율도 증가하여 500 g/ton 일 때, 실수율이 90%이였다. 한편 연탄재 부선에서는 유상포수제의 첨가 없이는 전혀 부유되지 않았으며 유상포수제의 농도가 증가할수록 미연탄소의 실수율은 증가하여 유상포수제의 농도가 1,500 g/ton일 때, 실수율은 80%이였다. 그러므로 연탄재 부선에서 산화된 미연탄소분의 실수율을 얻기 위해서는 무연탄 부선에 필요한 유상포수제의 첨가량 보다 3배 이상이 필요함을 확인하였다. Separation of unburned carbon is needed from coal briquette ash (CBA) in order for recycling. In general, natural flotability of coal is high because of its pristine hydrophobic surface. However, hydrophobicity of the coal decreased when it was heavily oxidized. Since unburned carbon in the CBA was heavily oxidized during combustion process, its flotation was expected to be difficult. Flotation for anthracite (raw material of coal briquette) and the CBA was carried out to find out the effect of oxidation of fixed carbon on the dosage of oily collector. In case of the anthracite flotation. its recovery was about 70 wt% without an oily collector. Also, the increase of oily collector increased its recovery up to 90 wt% with 500 g/ton of collector consumption. On flotation of the CBA float product was not obtained without an oily collector. As the dosage of oily collector increased its recovery to 80 wt% with 1,500 g/ton of collector consumption. Therefore, it was confirmed that the flotation of the CBA required three times more oily collector than that of the anthracite in order to obtain the similar flotation result from the CBA and the anthracite.

A Simple Model for the Calculation of Entrainment in Flotation

Ozcan Y. Gulsoy 한국화학공학회 2005 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.22 No.4

Theoretical and experimental studies have been performed to analyze the entrainment of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles in flotation. A new model is proposed for the entrainment based on the water recovery trend. Two sets of timed flotation experiments were carried out to validate the model. These experiments were realized with quartz and pyrite as the only mineral in the pulp and with various frother concentrations and pulp densities. The chemical conditions of the pulp were adjusted to float pyrite as hydrophobic and to depress quartz as hydrophilic mineral. The solids recovery for each size fraction and water recovery was measured in these experiments. The proposed empirical model equation was checked against experimental observations. It was observed that the model equation well represented the entrainment-water relationship. Since hydrophilic mineral recovery mainly depends on the entrainment, the data obtained from quartz only tests were first fitted to the entrainment equation. The fit for quartz data was found to be satisfactory. This shows that the proposed model could be used to define the behavior of hydrophilic particles in a batch flotation test. The same model was applied for pyrite only tests and contribution of entrainment to hydrophobic mineral recovery was calculated. The results provided accurate interpretation of hydrophobic mineral entrainment, which is difficult to directly measure.

부유선별에 의한 윤활제용 고품위 몰리브덴 정광회수

전호석,백상호,김병곤,이은선 한국자원공학회 2016 한국자원공학회지 Vol.53 No.3

Froth flotation was carried out for the recovery of high grade molybdenite concentrate of lubricant use from the primary concentrate. The re-grinding of the primary molybdenite concentrate should be necessary in order to further liberate the silicate gangue minerals before the performance of froth re-flotation. But the fine particle gangue minerals occurred in the re-grinding process make serious bad effect on the froth flotation. So the selective rougher flotation was performed on the primary molybdenite concentrate in order to remove the silicate gangue minerals in advance before re-grinding. And then the molybdenite concentrate recovered by rougher flotation was re-ground for 20min. In test for the recovery of high grade molybdenite concentrate of lubricant use, we got the molybdenite concentrate of 98.3% MoS2 with 43.5% recovery. 페로몰리용 몰리브덴 정광을 대상으로 부가가치가 높은 윤활제용 고품위 몰리브덴 정광회수를 위한부유선별을 수행하였다. 페로몰리용 몰리브덴 정광에 존재하는 맥석광물들이 단체분리를 위한 재 분쇄 과정에서미립화가 될 경우, 고품위 몰리브덴 정광 회수에 나쁜 영향을 미치기 때문에, 이들을 대상으로 우선적으로 맥석광물을 제거하기 위한 조선부선을 수행하였다. 조선 부유선별에서 회수된 조선정광을 대상으로 단체분리를 위해20분간 분쇄 하였으며, 이때 시료의 평균입도는 약 25 ㎛ 이었다. 실험결과 최적실험 조건은 조선부선에서 회수된 정광을 대상으로 기포제 AF65 30 g/t, 포수제(kerosene) 첨가량 150 g/t, 억제제(Na2SiO3) 첨가량 1,000 g/t, 그리고 정선 7회로, 이때 몰리브덴 정광의 품위와 회수율이 각각 98.3% MoS2와 43.5%인 결과를 얻었다.

부유선별공정 모니터링을 위한 다변수 가우시안 혼합모델기반 색상 분석

안재원,고윤호 한국멀티미디어학회 2023 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.26 No.3

Froth flotation is a type of mineral processing that selectively separates useful minerals from the froth produced by pulp aeration. The physical features of the froth contain information to understand the status of the process of froth flotation. In particular, by obtaining the color feature of the froth, it is possible to predict not only the type of useful mineral but also the grade of the mineral. Therefore, it is very important to obtain high-precision color analysis results in froth flotation monitoring. In this paper, we propose a color analysis method based on multivariate Gaussian mixture models to guarantee the cyclicity with a period of 360 degrees in hue component of color. In order to verify the proposed method, we present the color analysis results of images which contain around () of hue and images obtained by froth flotation. Through the experimental results, it shows that the color analysis results obtained by the proposed method are more precise.

Surface nanobubbles and their roles in flotation of fine particles – A review

Chenwei Li,Haijun Zhang 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.106 No.-

The study in the field of surface nanobubbles has received great progresses since surface nanobubbleswere imaged with atomic force microscopy in 2000. Meanwhile, the interest in developing new flotationtechniques for separating fine particles keeps increasing. Surface nanobubbles are showing a great potentialof application in the field of mineral processing. The formation of agglomerations composed of fineminerals and the easier attachment of a mineral particle to a flotation bubble are the mechanism forthe improved flotation performance in the presence of surface nanobubbles. In this work, various aspectsregarding surface nanobubbles including the methods for generation, measurement and identification ofsurface nanobubbles, the responses of surface nanobubbles to external stimuli including pH, salts, surfactants,temperature, pressure, ultrasonication et al., where flotation is usually performed are summarized. At last, we reviewed recent progresses for surface nanobubbles in flotation. This review gives perspectivesfor further research in the future.

Recovery of Clean Coal for the use of Synthetic Fuels from Anthracite by Froth Flotation

Tsogchuluun Davaadorj,백상호,김병곤,전호석 한국자원공학회 2018 한국자원공학회지 Vol.55 No.4

Coal generally contains numerous types of gangue minerals that produce different physical properties in the product. The aim of this study is to eliminate the impurities in coal by froth flotation to make it more suitable for use in synthetic fuels. In order to ensure optimum flotation conditions, the operational and physicochemical parameters of flotation need to be varied. According to the results, collector dosage and particle sizehad the most significant effect on the outcome. The results also suggest that the optimum conditions for the recovery of good quality clean coal are a particle size below 65 mesh (210 µm), using 1500 g/t kerosene as a collector; 1000 g/t sodium silicate asa depressant; and 100 g/t AF-65 as a frother. At this conditions, it is confirmed that clean coal can be recovered with a combustible recovery of over 85% and ash contentbelow 12% by flotation.

거품부상법을 이용한 코발트이온제거(I): 침전부상법

정인하,박희성,문제선,임성팔,배기광,Jung, In Ha,Park, Hee Seoung,Moon, Je Sun,Yim, Sung Paal,Bae, Ki Kwang 한국공업화학회 1999 공업화학 Vol.10 No.1

모의폐액으로 제조한 50 ppm의 코발트이온을 sodium lauryl sulfate의 계면활성제를 사용하여 침전부상법으로 제거하였다. 침전부상으로 코발트 이온을 제거하기 전에 35% $H_2O_2$를 모의폐액에 첨가하여 폐액의 전처리 과정을 도입하였다. 그 결과 최적 pH 및 처리후 잔존용액의 pH가 낮아졌고, 넓은 범위의 pH에서 높은 제거율을 나타내었다. 초기 코발트 이온농도, pH, 계면활성제 농도, 제거시간, 공급기체 유속, 외부이온 농도 등을 변수로 하여 실험한 결과, 초기 코발트 이온농도 50 ppm, pH 9.5, 공급기체 유속 70 mL/min, 제거시간 30분 등의 조건에서 99.8%의 제거율을 나타내었다. 침전물과 계면활성제의 흡착은 zeta potential 뿐만 아니라 침전물의 용해도 및 pH에 따라 변화하는 화학종과의 친화력과도 관계가 되는 것으로 추축되었다. 외부 이온으로서 $NO_3{^-}$, ${SO_4}^{-2}$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{+2}$를 첨가하여 그 영향을 관찰하였으며, ${SO_4}^{-2}$가 0.1 M 함유된 cobalt 용액을 침전부상법으로 처리한 결과 zeta potential의 감소 및 침전방해 등의 이유로 제거효율은 90%를 나타내었다. Simulated liquid waste containing 50 ppm cobalt ion was treated by precipitate flotation using the surfactant of sodium lauryl sulfate. The effects of initial cobalt ion concentration, pH, surfactant concentration, removal time, gas flow rate and foreign ions were estimated on removal efficiency. 35% $H_2O_2$ was added for pre-treatment stage before precipitate flotation. As the result of pre-treatment, optimum removal pH and the pH of treated water being discharged were lowed and optimum removal pH range was broadened. For the result of this experiment, 99.8% removal efficiency was obtained at the condition of 50ppm of initial cobalt ion concentration, pH 9.5, 70 mL/min of gas flow rate, and 30 min of removal time. Attraction between precipitate and surfactant was supposed to be influenced by solubility and chemical affinity among species in sloution as well as zeta potential. The influence of foreign ions such as, $NO_3{^-}$, ${SO_4}^{-2}$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{+2}$ on the removal efficiency was also observed. Removal efficiency by precipitate flotation containing 0.1 M of ${SO_4}^{-2}$ ion decreased to 90% due to the decrease of zeta potential and interruption of precipitation.