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16S rRNA 염기서열을 이용한 낮은 용존산소농도에서 발생한 벌킹슬러지의 우점종 분석
김윤중 ( Yun Jung Kim ),박은혜 ( Eun Hye Park ),김규동 ( Gyu Dong Kim ),남경필 ( Kyoung Phile Nam ),정태학 ( Tai Hak Chung ) 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.5
Maintaining dissolved oxygen (DO) at sufficiently low concentration in the aeration tank at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is essential for reduction of the costs of operation and maintenance. On the other hand, the low DO level may result in adverse effect on the integrity of the activated sludge. A typical and disastrous outcome frequently experienced is the outgrowth of filamentous microorganisms, which is called as filamentous bulking. In addition to the traditional methods such as sludge settleability and microscopic observation of the culture, molecular techniques including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by 16S rRNA sequencing were applied to identify filamentous bacteria present in bulking sludge under a condition of low DO concentration. Two morphologically distinct groups, presumably consisting of Sphaerotilus natans, and Eikelboom Type 1701 or Type 1851, were identified through microscopic observation. They were further confirmed by subsequent 16S rRNA sequencing. Dominant filamentous bacteria identified by the molecular techniques were consisted of three major groups. Sequences of partial 16S rRNA cloned showed that the filamentous bulking organisms were closely related to Eikelboom Type 021N and Eikelboom Type 1701, and Sphaerotilus natans, respectively. Molecular methods were found to possess a strong potential of direct examination of the microbial community of an activated sludge system.
활성오니공법에서 영양염류 조성비와 공기조절이 팽화발생에 미치는 영향
이장훈,권혁구,강병곤,정준오 한국환경보건학회 2004 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.30 No.1
The change in filamentous bacteria appearance was observed by adjusting factors such as organic and nurient concentration of feed wastewater and the aeration rate in the reactor. In case that COD:N:P and DO were 100:10:1 and 6.1 m1/1 respectively, the mean SVI was 122 ml/g and the filaments were developed normally in flocs. For the low DO con- dition, however, the SVI averaged 186 ml/g and the appearance of outgrowing filaments were more frequent. When the high organic was supplied into the reactor, the average SVI was 274 ml/g and the distinct filamentous bulking was observed. Meanwhile when COD:N:P was maintained at 100: 1 :0.5, the SVI was as low as 87 ml/g and the appearance of filaments were minimal and the size of flocs was small comparing other experimental conditions. For normal, low aeration and high organic concentration, predominant filaments in the early stage of experiments were commonly Type 021N,S. natans which were usually found in low DO condition. However, Type 041, Type 1851, Type 0961 became predominant as experiments extended. Meanwhile, in low nutrient condition, Type 0675, Type 1851, and Type 0961 were observed. The filamentous bacteria appearance for SVI< 150(ml/g), Type 0041, Type 0961 (usually low organic in feed wastewater) were predominantly observed and SVI > 150(ml/g), S. natans and Type 021N(usually low DO in aeration basin) was predominant.
산업폐수의 특성에 따른 출현 미생물과 팽화발생의 관계에 관한 연구
정준오,권혁구,이장훈 한국환경보건학회 2003 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.29 No.5
To examine bulking conditions of industrial wastewater, DO, F/M ratio, nutrient, milk fat and pH, which were known to be influencing factors in the industries, were adjusted and observed the filament appearance to relate the SVI. Wastewater samples were obtained from food process industries which included dairy, bakery, liquor, and food industries. The increase of milk fat in dairy wastewater resulted in the better control of bulking by showing ideal filament formation in flocs even though the SVI was as high as 392 ml/g. When the starch contents were increased in the bakery wastewater, the average SVI was 207 ml/g and the pH was decreased to 4.9. The deflocculation of flocs were observed in the wastewater and fungi were predominant with some of filaments such as Type 0041, Type 1852 and Beggiatoa. when organic content were increased in liquor wastewater, the SVI were averaged 183 ml/g and the nonfilamentous viscous bulking was predominant even though some of S. natans and Type 0041 were observed. The food wastewater was sensitive in temperature change and showed relatively high SVI of 208 ml/g and a little low pH of 6,6. In the earlier stage of reaction, the predominant filament was Type 021N and as reaction was progressed, limited number of S. natans was observed. However, fungi was the most predominant microorganism which probably due to the low temperature of wastewater. The S. natans and Type 0041 were the most common filaments found in the food process wastewater.
유가공 폐수의 활성슬러지 처리에서 벌킹 제어용 염소가 미생물의 유기물 분해 활성에 미치는 영향
남세용,최진택,Nam Se-Yong,Choi Jin-Taek 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.1
Chlorination inhibition on the organic removal activity of activated sludge microorganism was investigated in this study. It is well known that chlorination improves the settleability of filamentous bulking sludge through the selective impediment of filamentous microorganisms. However, it is based on the declination of effluent water quality after actual chlorination in dairy wastewater treatment plant. In case of the activated sludge which was exposed in the suggested concentration of chlorine $7.5\;mgCl_2/gVSS/day$ for the filamentous bulking control, decrease of organic uptake rate of $4.9\~24.0\%$, and dentrification rate of $24.8\~30.3\%$ ware shown in comparison to the control group which was not reacted with chlorine. As a result of comparing floc size of activated sludge microorganism, the average of floc diameter in the chlorine exposed group was $150\;{\mu}m$, which displays $25\%$ decrease compared with the control group.
김병극,조윤래 한국응용생명화학회 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.5
A microorganism for biological control of sludge bulking was isolated from soil. The isolated microorganism was able to degrade the sheath of the Sphaerotilus natans causing a bulking of activated sludge. The isolated strain, FK3, was identified as a Terrabacter species by analysis of its 16S rRNA genetic sequence. Glucose (0.1%, w/v) and 0.1% yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, were used in the medium for Terrabacter sp. FK3 growth and enzyme production. Sheath-degrading crude enzyme was purified from a Terrabacter sp. FK3 culture broth via ultrafiltration, followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Although the enzyme activity was optimal at pH 8 and 30oC, the enzyme maintained stable activity below 50oC and in the pH range from 5-10. Sheath-degrading enzyme activity was accelerated by addition of Mg2+, Ca2+,and Fe2+, but inhibited by addition of Ag2+ or Hg2+. Catalysis was additionally promoted by addition of hydroxyurea, sodium azide, and iodoacetic acid, but inhibited by EDTA.
장방형 침전지에서 길이에 따른 슬러지 floc의 형태에 관한 연구
김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ),이진우 ( Jin Woo Lee ),강민기 ( Min Gi Kang ) 한국물환경학회 2006 한국물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.3
In the secondary settling tanks, three different types of settling phenomena occurs; i.e., zone settling for sludge thickening in the bottom part of settling tank, and discrete and flocculent settling for clarification in the upper part. In this paper, morphological parameters of the floc in sludge blanket layers along the length of a long rectangular tank were investigated. The plant used for this study had a serious bulking problem caused by Microthrix parvicella. Floc size decreased as the surface area of settling tank increases, which indicates that in the secondary settling tank where zone settling believed to be predominant, free or flocculent type of settling contributes to floc size distributions. Large floc particles deposit in the front zone of settling tank, but small and loose flocs mostly in the zone near its outlet. On the other hand, filament length contained in one gram of sludge blanket solid increases along the flow direction. Large flocs with less filaments settle faster, but small flocs having more filaments result in poor settling. These results support function of microorganism selection occurring in secondary settling tank. In addition, designing a long rectangluar settling tank with double hoppers might be one of the ways of bulking control, but this idea has to be verified with a further study.
Kim, Byung-Keuk,Jo, Youl-Lae The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.5
A microorganism for biological control of sludge bulking was isolated from soil. The isolated microorganism was able to degrade the sheath of the Sphaerotilus natans causing a bulking of activated sludge. The isolated strain, FK3, was identified as a Terrabacter species by analysis of its 16S rRNA genetic sequence. Glucose (0.1%, w/v) and 0.1% yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, were used in the medium for Terrabacter sp. FK3 growth and enzyme production. Sheath-degrading crude enzyme was purified from a Terrabacter sp. FK3 culture broth via ultrafiltration, followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Although the enzyme activity was optimal at pH 8 and 30$^{\circ}C$, the enzyme maintained stable activity below 50$^{\circ}C$ and in the pH range from 5-10. Sheath-degrading enzyme activity was accelerated by addition of $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Fe^{2+}$, but inhibited by addition of $Ag^{2+}$ or $Hg^{2+}$. Catalysis was additionally promoted by addition of hydroxyurea, sodium azide, and iodoacetic acid, but inhibited by EDTA.