Regulation of osteoclastic and osteoblastic differentiation marker expressions in osteoblast-like saos-2 cells by Eucommia ulmoides

Lee, Ji Eun,Kim, Mi Hye,Choi, You Yeon,Lee, Hye Ji,Yang, Woong Mo Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kyung 2016 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.16 No.1

Bone metabolism characterized by bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Imbalances of osteoclast and osteoblast occurred bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Eucommia ulmoide, which is a medicinal herb, has been used to treat various diseases. Recent studies showed that E. ulmoides has been studied to treat osteoporosis.The osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells were treated with E. ulmoides extract (0.1, 1 and <TEX>$10{\mu}g/mL$</TEX>) for 24 h. Bone remodeling-related protein expressions and cell toxicity were examined to confirm the effects of E. ulmoides on regulation of osteoclastic and osteoblastic differentiation.The expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) was significantly decreased, while that of osteoprotegerin (OPG) was significantly increased by E. ulmoides treatment. In addition, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix expressions were significantly increased by treatment with E. ulmoides. The cell viability was not changed in E. ulmoides-treated cells.These results demonstrate that E. ulmoides has promoting effects on bone formation as well as inhibitory effects on bone resorption with no toxicity in Saos-2 cells. Therefore, E. ulmoides may be used as an alternative treatment for osteoporosis.

Enzymatic Formation of Guaiacylglycerol 8-O-4´- (Coniferyl Alcohol) Ether from Coniferyl Alcohol with Enzyme Preparations of Eucommia ulmoides

Md. Shameul Alam,Takeshi Katayama,Toshisada Suzuki,Deeder Sultana,Saima Sultana,Md. Daud Hossain 한국작물학회 2008 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.11 No.1

Lignans and neolignans are optically active plant secondary metabolites. Research on biosynthesis of lignans has already been advanced especially for the formation of (+) pinoresinol but information on the biosynthesis of 8-O-4´- neolignans is still limited. Moreover, the chemical structure (position of substituents on aromatic rings) and stereochemistry of 8-O-4´ neolignans is not clear. Katayama and Kado discovered that incubation of cell-free extracts from E. ulmoides with coniferyl alcohol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide gave (+)-erythro- and (-)-threo- guaiacylglycerol 8-O-4´-(coniferyl alcohol) ether (GGCE) (diastereomeric ratio, 3:2) which is the first report on enzymatic formation of optically active -8-O-4´ neolignans from an achiral monolignol. In this aspect, enzymatic formation of guaiacyl 8-O-4´ neolignan is noteworthy to clarify its stereochemistry from incubation of coniferyl alcohol with enzyme prepared from Eucommia ulmoides. In this experiment, soluble and insoluble enzymes prepared from E. ulmoides were incubated with 30 mM coniferyl alcohol (CA) for 60 min. The enzyme catalyzed GGCE, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (DHCA), and pinoresinol identified by reversed phase HPLC. Consequently, diastereomeric compositions of GGCE were determined as erythro and threo isomer. Enantiomeric composition was determined by the chiral column HPLC. Both enzyme preparations enantioselectively formed (-)-erythro, (+)-erythro and (+)-threo, (-)-threo-GGCEs respectively. Lignans and neolignans are optically active plant secondary metabolites. Research on biosynthesis of lignans has already been advanced especially for the formation of (+) pinoresinol but information on the biosynthesis of 8-O-4´- neolignans is still limited. Moreover, the chemical structure (position of substituents on aromatic rings) and stereochemistry of 8-O-4´ neolignans is not clear. Katayama and Kado discovered that incubation of cell-free extracts from E. ulmoides with coniferyl alcohol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide gave (+)-erythro- and (-)-threo- guaiacylglycerol 8-O-4´-(coniferyl alcohol) ether (GGCE) (diastereomeric ratio, 3:2) which is the first report on enzymatic formation of optically active -8-O-4´ neolignans from an achiral monolignol. In this aspect, enzymatic formation of guaiacyl 8-O-4´ neolignan is noteworthy to clarify its stereochemistry from incubation of coniferyl alcohol with enzyme prepared from Eucommia ulmoides. In this experiment, soluble and insoluble enzymes prepared from E. ulmoides were incubated with 30 mM coniferyl alcohol (CA) for 60 min. The enzyme catalyzed GGCE, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (DHCA), and pinoresinol identified by reversed phase HPLC. Consequently, diastereomeric compositions of GGCE were determined as erythro and threo isomer. Enantiomeric composition was determined by the chiral column HPLC. Both enzyme preparations enantioselectively formed (-)-erythro, (+)-erythro and (+)-threo, (-)-threo-GGCEs respectively.

두충잎의 첨가급여가 육계의 성장에 미치는 영향

박성진 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1996 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.9 No.-

본 시험은 브로일러에 대한 두충잎의 첨가급여가 사료섭취량, 증체량, 사료효율, 생체중 및 도체중 등을 조사하여 브로일러의 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 6주동안 실시하였다. 공시동물은 브로일러 병아리 96수를 대조구, 두충잎 2, 4, 및 6% 첨가급여한 4개의 처리구로 실시하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 사양시험이 완료된 6주 후의 최종 사료 섭취량과 중체량은 대조구, 2, 4, 및 6% 첨가 급여구 모두 이들간에 유의적(P<0.05)인 차이가 없었다. 사료효율은 대조구와 시험구간에 주간별 경시적인 변화는 없었으나, 제 4주째에 2, 4 및 6%처리구가 각각 0.81±.04, 0.72±.02 및 0.76±.05로서 대조구의 0.56±.03보다는 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. 생체중도 처리구간에 유의적(P<0.05)인 차이가 없었으며, 도체중은 2% 처리구(1,529±90.7g), 4% 처리구(1,375±91.0g) 및 6% 처리구(1,430±99.7g)간에는 유의적(P<0.05)인 차이가 없었으나 대조구의 1,35±75.7g 보다는 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. 사료 섭취량에 있어서 두충잎을 첨가급여해도 육계의 사료섭취 기호에는 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 생각되며, 중체량에서도 육계증체에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 알 수 있다. 사료효율도 시험 제 4주째에 다소 변화는 있으나, 시험전기간의 전체적인 변화는 없는 것으로 보아서 두충잎이 육계의 성장과는 무관한 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietry Eucommoa Ulmoides on the performance of broiler. Ninety six broiler chicks were allotted to each of four groups(the control, Eucommia Ulmoides 2, 4 and 6%) to receive one of the practical diets supplemented with Eucommia Ulmoides. Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion and body weight of broilers fed Eucommia Ulmoides(control, 2, 4 and 6%) supplemented diets were not significantly differences. The carcass weight in broilers fed Eucommia Ulmoides supplemented diet were significantly higher than control group.

Enzymatic Formation of Guaiacylglycerol 8-O-4'-(Coniferyl Alcohol) Ether from Coniferyl Alcohol with Enzyme Preparations of Eucommia ulmoides

Alam, Md. Shameul,Katayama, Takeshi,Suzuki, Toshisada,Sultana, Deeder,Sultana, Saima,Hossain, Md. Daud The Korean Society of Crop Science 2008 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.11 No.1

Lignans and neolignans are optically active plant secondary metabolites. Research on biosynthesis of lignans has already been advanced especially for the formation of (+) pinoresinol but information on the biosynthesis of 8-O-4'- neolignans is still limited. Moreover, the chemical structure(position of substituents on aromatic rings) and stereochemistry of 8-O-4' neolignans is not clear. Katayama and Kado discovered that incubation of cell-free extracts from E. ulmoides with coniferyl alcohol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide gave (+)-erythro- and (-)-threo- guaiacylglycerol 8-O-4'-(coniferyl alcohol) ether (GGCE)(diastereomeric ratio, 3:2) which is the first report on enzymatic formation of optically active -8-O-4' neolignans from an achiral monolignol. In this aspect, enzymatic formation of guaiacyl 8-O-4' neolignan is noteworthy to clarify its stereochemistry from incubation of coniferyl alcohol with enzyme prepared from Eucommia ulmoides. In this experiment, soluble and insoluble enzymes prepared from E. ulmoides were incubated with 30 mM coniferyl alcohol(CA) for 60 min. The enzyme catalyzed GGCE, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(DHCA), and pinoresinol identified by reversed phase HPLC. Consequently, diastereomeric compositions of GGCE were determined as erythro and threo isomer. Enantiomeric composition was determined by the chiral column HPLC. Both enzyme preparations enantioselectively formed (-)-erythro, (+)-erythro and (+)-threo, (-)-threo-GGCEs respectively.

Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitory and Anti-inflammatory Components from the Leaves of <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Oliver (Duzhong)

Bai, Meng-Meng,Shi, Wei,Tian, Jun-Mian,Lei, Ming,Kim, Jang Hoon,Sun, Ya Nan,Kim, Young Ho,Gao, Jin-Ming American Chemical Society 2015 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.63 No.8

<P><I>Eucommia ulmoides</I> leaves have been used as a functional food and drink in China. The purpose of this study was to identify the bioactive constituents with soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory activity and anti-inflammatory properties. Twenty-seven known compounds (<B>1</B>–<B>27</B>) were isolated from the leaves of <I>E. ulmoides</I> Oliver, and their structures were identified by NMR and ESIMS analysis; three of these, 2,5-dimethoxy-3-glucopyranosyl cinnamic alcohol (<B>11</B>), foliasalacioside E<SUB>2</SUB> (<B>26</B>), and icariside F<SUB>2</SUB> (<B>27</B>), were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds <B>1</B>–<B>7</B> exhibited soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory activity at 100 μM; among them, quercetin (<B>1</B>) and kaempferol (<B>5</B>) displayed potential activities with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 22.5 ± 0.9 and 31.3 ± 2.6 μM, respectively, with noncompetitive inhibition mode. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitory activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated by the NF-κB liciferase assay in HepG2 cells. Compounds <B>1</B>, <B>9</B>, <B>20</B>, and <B>27</B> displayed potent NF-κB inhibitory effects, with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 15.14 ± 2.29, 15.23 ± 2.34, 16.88 ± 2.17, and 16.25 ± 2.19 μM, respectively, whereas other compounds showed weak inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity ranging from 17.54 to 92.6 μM. A structure–activity relationship of flavonoids <B>1</B>–<B>9</B> was also discussed. The results obtained in this work might contribute to the understanding of pharmacological activities of <I>E. ulmoides</I> leaves and further investigation on its potential application values for food and drug.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2015/jafcau.2015.63.issue-8/acs.jafc.5b00055/production/images/medium/jf-2015-00055j_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jf5b00055'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

두충 추출물의 류마티스관절염 동물모델에 대한 개선 효과

지중구 한국응용과학기술학회 2022 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.39 No.1

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Eucommia ulmoides extracts on rheumatoid arthritis biomarker in a CIA-induced DBA/1 mice. For evaluation, Eucommia ulmoides extracts was administered orally at dose of 100 ㎎/㎏/day for 4 weeks after production of an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis and we confirmed the treatments’ effects based on serum biomarker, radiological, structural parameter analysis. Compared to the negative control group, the Eucommia ulmoides extracts treatments significantly reduced the serum level of inflammation and immunoglobulin markers (i.e., TNF-α, IgG, and hs-CRP), and significantly decreased the monocyte count of white blood cells. Furthermore, the Eucommia ulmoides extracts treatments effectively preserved the joint destruction, and little the joint deformation. Moreover, compared to the negative control group, the Eucommia ulmoides extracts treatments increased the bone volume, and significantly decreased bone inflammation. The results indicate that the Eucommia ulmoides extracts improved rhrumatoid arthritis symptoms. Thus, the Eucommia ulmoides extracts may be a novel therapeutic option for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. 본 연구는 CIA에 의해 유발된 DBA/1 마우스를 통해 류마티스관절염 바이오마커에 대한 두충 추출물의 효과를 평가하였다. 평가를 위해 류마티스관절염 동물모델 제작 후 100 ㎎/㎏/day로 4주간 경구 투여하고 혈청 바이오마커, 방사선, 구조적 매개변수 분석을 통해 치료 효과를 확인하였다. 음성대 조군과 비교하여, 두충 추출물은 염증 및 면역글로불린 마커(TNF-α, IgG 및 hs-CRP)의 생성을 유의 하게 감소시켰고, 백혈구의 단핵구 수를 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 또한, 두충 추출물은 관절 파괴를 효과 적으로 보존하고 관절 변형을 줄였으며, 골 밀도의 증가와 유의적으로 골 염증을 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과는 두충 추출물이 류마티스관절염 증상을 개선하는 것을 나타낸다. 따라서, 두충 추출물은 류마티스관 절염 관리를 위한 새로운 치료 옵션이 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

수목 추출물 처리에 따른 면 편성물의 염색성과 기능성 연구- 두충나무 추출액을 중심으로 -

김월순 한국니트디자인학회 2013 패션과 니트 Vol.11 No.3

This study tries to examine the dye-ability and functional effects of a material that has economic values and pharmacological components, when dyeing solution are extracted from it, which in turn are processed into fabrics. Eucommia ulmoides Olive which are taken as an oriental medication were used as our material to extract dyeing solutions, and then we made an experiment about their functional effects and analyzed the results when they were used for children’s and patients’ clothes and underwear. The results are as follows. The Colorfastness to Washing, Rubbing, and Perspiration of the experimented samples were very excellent, but its Colorfastness to Light was low as were ranked at the 2-3 degrees. The surface colors of the samples were red-tinged yellow or yellow-tinged red. When iron mordants were used among others, the brightness turned out to be high, and the samples were red-tinged in the case of pre-mordanting while yellow-tinged in the case of post-mordanting. Color differences were the most striking between the sample processed for 60 minutes at 90℃after pre-mordanting and that processed for 30 minutes at 90℃. After all, it has turned out that the proper temperature and time length for dyeing with Eucommia ulmoides Olive extract are 90℃and 60 minutes for pre-mordanting and 60℃and 90 minutes for post-mordanting. As a result of the experiment about the deodorizing properties and antibacterial effects of the samples, it turned out that they were excellent with a reduction rate of 99.9%. Formaldehyde was not detected. With the results above, I can tell that the components of the Eucommia ulmoides Olive are dyeing materials that have hygienic properties necessary for functional clothes, underwear and bedclothes, and abilities to meet the functional conditions on the protection of skin. That is to say, use of Eucommia ulmoides Olive as an economic and human body/environment protecting material for fabric processing can make a contribution to the development of new eco-friendly products. In addition to the results of this study, I believe that parallel use of natural dyes with high dyeability sould be continued in future.

Eucommiae Cortex(Eucommia Ulmoides Oliver) Modulates MUSCLE Atrophy In Aged Mice

Sanghyun Ahn J-INSTITUTE 2020 Kinesiology Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: Although exercise is the only way to suppress sarcopenia, using it for treating sarcopenia in the elderly is very difficult. Sports supplements used for the purpose of maximizing the benefits of exercise may include drugs that directly modulate sarcopenia. Therefore, the intake of sports supple-ments can be expected to have a synergistic effect of strengthening muscles in combination with exer-cise. Methods: In this study, we attempted to find a candidate adjuvant that might have a synergistic effect in the treatment of sarcopenia. To test the effect of Eucommiae(Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) cortex extract, which is used in Korean herbal medicines, in the treatment of sarcopenia, mice were divided into 3 groups: a control group(CON), a sarcopenia model group (age-elicited group; AEG), and a group consisting of sarcopenia model mice being administered with Eucommiae cortex extract(ECTG). Results: We identified muscle loss in aged mice and applied this mouse model to evaluate the effi-cacy of sports supplements. Muscle loss was reduced as a result of treatment with Eucommiae cortex extract to aging mice. The expression of Caspase-3 was measured in the femur using specific an-tibodies. Muscle mass was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In the AGE group, protein expression of Caspase-3 was increased; however, in the ECTG group, Caspase-3 expres-sion was significantly reduced. Conclusion: These findings suggested that Eucommiae cortex extract decreased muscle loss and muscle cell death by regulating Caspase-3.

β-hexosaminidase 분비 억제 및 각질형성세포 분화에 대한 두충(Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) 추출물의 효과

홍인기 ( In Kee Hong ),김은지 ( Eun Ji Kim ),석지현 ( Ji Hyun Seok ),김보현 ( Bo Hyeon Kim ),장진동 ( Jin Dong Jang ),조기정 ( Gi Jung Joe ),최신욱 ( Shin Wook Choi ) 대한화장품학회 2014 대한화장품학회지 Vol.40 No.1

본 연구에서는 두충 추출물이 RBL-2H3 세포의 β-hexosaminidase의 분비 억제와 HaCaT keratinocytes 피부장벽의 회복과 관련한 filaggrin, transglutaminase-1 (TGase-1), cornified cell envelope (CE)의 발현에 미치는 영향에 관하여 연구하였다. β-hexosaminidase 방출 억제 능은 13% 효능을 확인하였고, 피부장벽기능의 회복과 관련된 인자들은 발현과 활성의 정도가 매우 우수한 것을 확인하였다. 각질형성세포의 분화를 판단할 수 있는 CE 측정에서는 두충추출물이 양성대조군보다 더 좋은 효능을 나타내기도 하였다. 따라서 두충 추출물은 β-hexosaminidase 분비 억제에 효과가 있으며, 손상된 피부장벽강화에 영향을 미치는 각질형성세포의 분화 촉진에 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. In this study, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver extracts was studied in order to see any effects on the β-hexosaminidase release suppression of RBL-2H3 cells and on the expression of filaggrin, transglutaminase-1 (TGase-1) and cornified cell envelope (CE) related to the recovery of HaCaT keratinocyte skin barrier. Results showed that Eucommia ulmoides Oliver extracts reduced β-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 cells and increased the effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver extract on the expression of filaggrin, transglutaminase-1 (TGase-1) and cornified cell envelope (CE) in HaCaT keratinocytes. Taken together, these results suggested that Eucommia ulmoides Oliver extract may be applicable for keratinocyte differentiation.

두충나무(Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) 잎과 껍질의 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성

김동청 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.63 No.3

Antioxidative activities of 50% ethanolic extracts from Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf and bark were investigated. Yields of the leaf and bark extract were 8.1±0.31 and 17.4±0.89%, respectively. Polyphenol contents of the leaf and bark extract were 64.1±3.35 and 42.4±2.38 μg gallic acid equivalents/ mg, respectively. Flavonoid contents of the leaf and bark extract were 24.0±3.15 and 36.7±3.18 μg quercetin equivalents/mg, respectively. As concentration of the leaf and bark extract increased, their antioxidative activities proportionally increased. EC50 values of the leaf and bark extract for cation radical scavenging were 560.6±17.65 and 1,357.4±8.45 μg/mL, respectively. EC50 values of the leaf and bark extract for free radical scavenging were 574.2±14.70 and 2,103.1±108.59 μg/mL, respectively. EC50 values of the leaf and bark extract for ferric reducing antioxidant power were 319.9±13.42 and 705.9±26.08 μg/mL, respectively. EC50 values of the leaf and bark extract for nitrite scavenging were 2,329.2±35.11 and 5,467.6±243.92 μg/mL, respectively. In the presence of 74.8 μg/mL of the leaf extract and 177.2 μg/mL of the bark extract, linoleic acid peroxidation was inhibited by 70.0 and 79.1%, respectively. The Du-zhong leaf extract possessed higher antioxidative activities than its bark extract. 두충나무(Du-zhong, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver)의 잎과 껍질로부터 얻어진 50% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성을 확인하였다. 두충나무 잎과 껍질 추출물의 수율은 각각 8.1±0.31과 17.4±0.89%, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 64.1±3.35와 42.4±2.38 μg GAE/mg, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 24.0±3.15와 36.7±3.18 μg QE/ mg으로 나타났다. 두충나무 잎과 껍질 추출물은 농도에 비례하여 양이온라디칼, 유리라디칼과 아질산염을 소거하였고, 환원력을 증가시켰으며 지질과산화를 억제하였다. 두충나무 잎과 껍질추출물의 ABTS 양이온라디칼 소거에 대한 EC50값은 각각560.6±17.65와 1,357.4±8.45 μg/mL이었고, DPPH 유리라디칼 소거에 대한 EC50값은 각각 574.2±14.70과 2,103.1±108.59 μg/ mL로 나타났다. 또한 두충나무 잎과 껍질 추출물의 환원력에대한 EC50값은 각각 319.9±13.42와 705.9±26.08 μg/mL였고, 아질산염 소거에 대한 EC50값은 각각 2,329.2±35.11과 5,467.6±243.92 μg/mL로 나타났다. 두충나무 잎 추출물은 74.8 μg/mL의 농도에서, 껍질 추출물은 177.2 μg/mL의 농도에서 linoleic acid의 과산화를 각각 70.0 및 79.1% 억제하였다. 두충나무 잎 추출물은껍질 추출물에 비해 높은 항산화 활성을 보유하고 있었다.