중국의 새로운 발전 구도 ‘雙循環(쌍순환)’과 중한 협력에 관한 연구

劉宇(Liu, Yu) 대한중국학회 2021 중국학 Vol.76 No.-

건국 70여 년 동안 세계가 주목하는 성과를 거둔 중국의 변화 중에서도, 특히 5년마다 어떤 계획과 새로운 목표를 내놓을 것인지에 대해 각국 정부와 학계는 이를 집중적으로 분석하고 연구하는 것을 중요한 과제로 삼는다. 2021년은 중국의 ‘제14차 5개년 규획’이 시작되는 해다. 이 5년간의 발전 과정에서 중국은 ‘국내 대순환을 주체로, 국내와 국제 이중 순환이 상호 촉진하는 새로운 발전 구도’의 발전 모델을 제시했다. 본문은 ‘쌍순환’이라는 새로운 발전 구도가 제기된 배경, 중국에서 ‘쌍순환’을 실행함에 있어서 존재하는 문제점과 대책, 중한 양국이 제14차 5개년 규획 기간 중 이행 가능한 협력의 방향을 논술하였다. 중국의 ‘쌍순환’이라는 새로운 발전 구도는 중한 양국의 협력에 넓은 지평을 열게 할 것이다. 중한 양국은 손을 맞잡고 함께 발전하여 세계 경제의 빠른 회복과 발전을 위해 기여해야 한다. China has made magnificent achievements over more than seventy years since the country’s founding, which attracts worldwide attention. Changes in China, especially the five-year plans and goals, are essential topics for intensive analysis and research by governments and academic circles around the world. The year 2021 marks the beginning of China’s “Fourteenth Five-Year Plan”, and the development model has been adjusted for these five years. President Xi Jinping proposed a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the mainstay promoting a positive interplay between domestic circulation and international circulation. This article discusses the background of the new development pattern of the “dual circulation”, the problems and countermeasures in China’s implementation of the “dual circulation”, and the direction of cooperation between China and South Korea during the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan period. South Korea is a close neighbor of China and enjoys particularly favorable geographical advantages in economic and trade relations with China. Moreover, China’s “dual circulation” development pattern provides broad space for cooperation between China and South Korea. China’s rise is unstoppable, while South Korea has its place in the world as a developed country in Asia. China and South Korea should work together to contribute to the rapid recovery of the world economy and the development of the global economy.

Research on the Pattern of "Dual Circulation" Development in Zhejiang Province Under Regional Integration Taking Digital Economy as an Example

Xinyi Ding,Liying Lou,Shirong Xie,Tianlan Wei,Cong Cao 한국경영정보학회 2021 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

At present, the world economic situation is complex, and the epidemic has dealt a huge blow to global economic development. In this context, it is particularly important for China's economic construction to accelerate a pattern with the domestic circulation as the main body and the mutual promotion of domestic and double cycles between China and international cycles. From the perspective of the industrial chain, China is still in the middle and low end of the value chain, and the overall export competition and trade volume are low. Strengthening China's industrial chain with the help of regional economic integration is an important way to promote the "dual circulation", which can simultaneously stimulate the vitality of the two domestic and international markets, promote each other, and enhance the ability to resist risks. Among them, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) has become a crucial platform for regional cooperation for China to build a current "dual circulation" development pattern. The development of digital economy relies on the rapid changes of digital technology. With this in-depth development of digital technology and the growing development trend of the digital economy, we are still deeply troubled by the data leakage, data abuse, digital security, network security and other technical issues, which also creates our trust in the digital economy. Studying the digital trust problem is also an indispensable step towards in achieving a healthy, efficient and sustainable digital ecological environment. Although scholars have conducted extensive studies on supply chain services in cross-border transactions and the development trend of the digital economy, the related research results have failed to address the following issues. First of all, due to cultural differences and customs, consumers in different countries often show differences in consumption behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comparative study on consumers in different countries to understand their behavioral preferences and differences. Secondly, most of the current literature on trust issues in cross-border transactions mainly focuses on consumer privacy and information security. It is necessary to sort out the framework of supply chain services and explore consumers' choice strategies when facing different types of services. Finally, scholars often focus on one or several types of influencing factors and ignore the interaction and influence of different types of factors. Therefore, this topic believes that in the current research, the trust relationship management model for the inclusive development of digital trade in the regional integration environment has not been constructed wholly and systematically, and many essential components have not been included in the research framework, which restricts the further development of the research in this field. So, this project will carry out analysis in five dimensions, from the technology and development of the digital economy, the reshaping of services and consumption, the acceptance of the customer, the labor market and ethical and moral safety, to deconstruct the connotation and the pattern of digital economy. This can not only describe the development picture and mechanism of digital economy in each dimension, but also try to clarify the relevance and influence among the dimensions. This project takes the trust of different stakeholders in the digital economy as the entry point. Also, it takes the users and enterprises under regional integration as the research objects to explore the specific factors affecting the trust behavior of the surrounding destiny community. The research process focuses on analyzing the trust management model in the overseas development of Zhejiang enterprises and exploring the changes that RCEP will bring to the overseas development. This project conducted an empirical study based on questionnaires, using a structural equation model through which the measurement and structural models were evaluated. The project verifies information reliability through empirical studies, examines the trust transfer function of trusted third parties in the digital environment through laboratory experiments, and analyzes the factors that moderate trust transfer by relying on partial least squares multigroup analysis. Ultimately, this topic realizes the evaluation of the effectiveness and overall effectiveness of the trust model. The study results verify that RCEP will strongly support Zhejiang enterprises' foreign development, and at the same time, identify some challenges faced by some Zhejiang enterprises in the process of foreign development. Also, the results will be beneficial to discover some new ideas to promote economic development further with RCEP. The research described in this paper was supported by a grant from the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (File No. 202110337048).

시진핑 3기 경제 제약요인과 대내외 정책방향에 관한 연구 : 20차 당대회 업무보고를 중심으로

김선진,조은교 한국동북아학회 2022 한국동북아논총 Vol.27 No.4

This paper analyzed the internal and external economic constraints faced in China and the policy implications expressed at the 20th Party Congress to study the goals and directions of Xi Jinping's 3rd economic policy. To this end, the contents newly highlighted or emphasized in the existing policy stance were also examined. As the U.S.’s exclusion to China Supply Chain intensified externally, safety(security), power, high quality, and a new development structure were newly introduced or emphasized, and boosting domestic demand was highlighted as the key of economic stimulus to reduce consumption and resolve unemployment. Accordingly, the goal of Chinese-style modernization is compressed into external strategies such as dual circulation(economic security) and common prosperity (social stability), but it focuses on dual circulation. Under this aim, the Chinese government's mainland corporate policy will increase the influence of state-owned companies on the private sector. And marketization will progress within the framework of strengthening control by strengthening quality control based on standards for high-quality development. Foreign economic policy is expected to continue to stabilize and develop the digital silk road and RCEP system as a bridgehead for the establishment of supply chains in China, and to expand future industrial technology cooperation by actively attracting foreign-invested companies. 본 논문은 시진핑 3기 경제정책 목표와 향방을 연구하고자 중국이 직면한 대내외 경제적 제약요인과 20차 당대회에서밝힌 정책적 함의와 시사점을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 기존 정책 기조의 연장선상에서 새롭게 부각되거나 강조된 내용들을살펴보았다. 대외적으로 미국의 대중국 공급망 배제현상이 심화되면서 안전(안보), 강국, 고품질(高质量), 신발전구도(新发 展格局)가 새롭게 등장하거나 강조되었고, 대내적으로 소비 감소와 실업률 해소를 위해 내수 진작이 경기부양의 열쇠로부각되었다. 이에 중국식 현대화의 지향점은 대외적 전략인 쌍순환(경제안보)과 공동부유(사회안정)로 압축되나 방점은 쌍순환에 있다. 이러한 지향점 하에 중국 당국의 본토 기업 정책은 국유기업이 민간부문에 대한 영향력을 높이는 모습이될 것이며, 고품질 발전을 위해 표준에 근거한 품질관리 강화로 정부통제가 강화되는 틀 안에서 시장화가 진전될 것으로전망된다. 대외경제 정책은 중국 역내 공급망(RVC) 구축을 위한 교두보로 디지털 실크로드와 RCEP 체제의 지속적인 안정과 발전을 꾀할 것이며 외자기업을 적극적으로 유치하여 미래 산업 기술협력을 확대할 것으로 전망된다.

중국 쌍순환 발전전략이 한중 경제 관계에 미치는 영향 연구 -중국의 ‘기술 굴기’ 전략 관점과의 연계성을 중심으로

공대윤,강준영 한중사회과학학회 2023 한중사회과학연구 Vol.21 No.1

This paper studies how China’s dual circulation development strategy affects Korea-China economic relations. So, first, what is the dual circulation development strategy is defined. Then, through theories, Xi jinping’s discourse and Chinese side dual circulation research papers, it is revealed that the dual circulation is related to China’s technological advancement. And, based on the relationship between dual circulation and technological advancement, this paper predicts future economic relations between Korea and China. Korea-China economic relations, especially trade relations, have changed from complementary inter-industry trade to competitive intra-industry trade. This trend is expected to accelerate according to the relationship between dual circulation and technological advancement. Therefore, it is necessary to have a different economic perspective to China. So, how should South Korea continue its economic cooperation with China? First, from the perspective of financial investment, if Chinese local companies grow based on China’s vast domestic market, Korea can invest its capital in Chinese local companies to pursue profits together. Second, Korea can develop reasonably priced products using technologically advanced Chinese parts. And Korea can target other global markets by combining this product with Korean brand power. To this end, Korea must continuously invest and nurture its brand power. China prefers domestic products, but still consumes a lot of luxury goods and some foreign products with brand power. Using these characteristics, Korea should nurture Korean brands into global brands to target China. Third, South Korea should continue to pursue a super-gap strategy while maintaining technological superiority in areas that China has not yet developed technologically. Technological development tends to appear in the mid- to long-term. Therefore, there will be areas in which China cannot secure technological capabilities in the short term. If Korea concentrates on this and pursues a super-gap strategy with technological superiority, Korea will benefit along with China’s development. Fourth, there may be international political factors in targeting the Chinese market. Due to international political factors, including the US-China conflict, certain industries may be affected economically. If South Korea has to make a choice on various issues, it should respond flexibly while persuading neighboring countries based on national interests and grand principles. 본 논문은 중국의 쌍순환 발전전략이 한중경제 관계에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가에대해 연구하였다. 그래서 문헌연구를 통해 쌍순환 발전전략이 무엇인지 살펴보고, 이러한 쌍순환이 중국의 기술굴기와 연관성이 있음을 이론과 시진핑 총서기의 담화내용그리고 중국 측 쌍순환 연구 논문을 통해서 밝힌다. 그리고 이러한 쌍순환과 기술굴기와의 연관성을 바탕으로 앞으로의 한중경제관계는 어떠한 모습일지 전망한다. 한중경제관계, 특히 무역관계는 과거의 보완적인 산업간 무역에서 경합적인 산업내 무역으로변화해왔고, 이러한 경향은 쌍순환과 기술굴기의 연관성에 따라 더 가속화될 것으로보여진다. 이에 따라 한국은 기존과는 다른 대 중국 경제적 관점이 필요하다고 볼 수있다. 그래서 한국은 어떻게 중국과 경제적인 협력을 지속해야 하는가? 첫 번째로 금융투자적 관점에서 중국의 로컬 기업이 중국의 광활한 내수시장을 바탕으로 성장한다면, 한국의 자본은 그 로컬기업에 투자를 하여 이익을 함께 추구하는방법이 있을 수 있다. 두 번째는 기술적으로 발전된 중국의 부품 및 부분품을 이용하여 합리적인 가격의제품을 개발한 뒤, 이것을 한국의 브랜드 파워와 결합하여 다른 세계시장을 공략하는방안이 있을 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 중국이 아직까지는 취약한 브랜드 파워를 한국은지속적으로 투자 육성해야 한다. 중국에서는 자국품을 선호하면서도 명품이나 브랜드파워를 지닌 일부 해외제품에서는 여전히 많은 소비를 보이고 있다. 이러한 특성을 이용하여 한국의 브랜드를 세계적인 브랜드로 투자 육성하여 중국을 공략해야 한다. 세 번째는 중국이 아직 기술적으로 발전시키지 못한 분야에서 한국은 기술적 우위를 유지하면서 지속적인 초격차 전략을 이끌어내야 한다. 기술적인 발전은 중장기 적인 형태로 나타나기 마련이다. 그렇기 때문에 단기적으로 중국이 기술적 역량을 확보하지 못하는 분야가 있을 것이다. 이를 집중 공략하여 기술적 우위로 초격차 전략을진행한다면 중국의 발전과 함께 한국도 이익을 얻을 수 있을 것이다. 네 번째는 중국 시장을 공략함에 있어 국제 정치적인 요인이 있을 수 있다. 미중 갈등으로 인해 특정 산업에서 국제 정치적인 요인으로 인해 경제적인 영향을 받을 수있다. 여러 가지 사안에 대해 어떠한 선택을 해야 할 경우, 한국은 국익과 대원칙을바탕으로 사안에 따라 양국을 설득하면서 유연하게 대처해야한다.

Performance evaluation for dual circulating fluidized-bed steam gasifier of biomass using quasi-equilibrium three-stage gasification model

Ngo, S.I.,Nguyen, T.D.B.,Lim, Y.I.,Song, B.H.,Lee, U.D.,Choi, Y.T.,Song, J.H. Applied Science Publishers 2011 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.88 No.12

The effects of gasification temperature (T<SUB>G</SUB>) and steam to fuel ratio (γ) on product gas composition and yield were experimentally investigated for steam gasification of pine woodchips in a bench-scale circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) gasifier with external heat supplier. To evaluate process performance in a dual circulating fluidized-bed (DFB) with heat carrier (silica sand), a quasi-equilibrium three-stage gasification (qETG) model was developed and validated with experimental data of biomass steam gasification. The model was divided into three stages including biomass pyrolysis, char-gas reactions, and gas-phase reactions. Carbonic and methane formation ratios were considered at the pyrolysis stage under the assumption of spontaneous decomposition. At the second and third stages, char-gas and gas-phase equilibrium reactions were corrected by two empirical equations concerning the steam participation ratio and the non-equilibrium factor, respectively. Using the qETG model, parametric study on T<SUB>G</SUB> and γ was performed to predict final gas composition, carbon conversion, char residue, gas yield, lower heating value, additional fuel ratio, solid circulation ratio, heat recovery and H<SUB>2</SUB> to CO molar ratio. Focusing on the solid circulation ratio and H<SUB>2</SUB>/CO molar ratio, several effective operating conditions were suggested from the contour of performance criteria.

Dual fluidized bed 가스화기 설계를 위한 열/물질 정산

양원(Won Yang),이정우(Jeong Woo Lee),이은도(Uendo Lee),방병열(Byung Reol Bang),최영태(Young Tai Choi) 한국연소학회 2009 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.39

Dual fluidized bed gasification has been known to be one of the best technology for producing hydrogen-rich and high quality syngas for electricity generation by gas enigne, making synthetic natural gas (SNG) and/or diesel oil through F-T process. In this type of gasification, only endothermic reaction (steam gasification) occurs in the gasifier, provided energy from hot sand heated in a combustion chamber, which is known to be allothermic reaction. In this study, heat and mass balance calculation is conducted for the dual fluidized bed gasification system of 3 MWth to the gasifier. Sand circulation rate and amount of additional fuel input to the combustion chamber are key parameters in this calculation, By this 0-D calculation, the two important parameters were obtained and the results were discussed for further detailed design.

김춘수 시집 『타령조 · 기타(其他)』의 기호 체계 분석

박창민(Park Chang-Min) 중앙어문학회 2010 語文論集 Vol.45 No.-

This study is, based on the premise that the nonsense poetry of Kim Chun Soo is interpretable, interprets the meaning of nonsense poetry by analysing its symbolic systems. The symbolic systems of Taryungjo and other works(타령조 · 기타) are classified into dual primary system, circulation system and triple primary system. For each system, one example is selected to be under precise analysis and two or three are denoted briefly. 「Tear(눈물)」, as an example of dual primary system, represents the awareness of finitude that belongs to terrestrial beings, and the climax of sadness accordingly. The tragic sadness therefore comes from the self-awareness of finitude which can not be transcended. 「Full moon(보름달)」, as an example of circulation system, represents the nihilistic thoughts and the growing sadness accordingly. The nihilistic thought enters a state of enlightenment so that it can be defined as the transience of life against the unapproachable idea. The tragic sadness in Kim Chun Soo's Taryungjo and other works(타령조 · 기타) therefore comes from the nihilistic thoughts which is regarded as the motive of his poetry instead of the meaning in itself. 「My God(나의 하나님)」, as an example of triple primary system, represents the deconstruction of binarity. The works of the triple primary system are composed of the works fanning deconstruction of binarity and the deviated works. The deviated works deconstruct the binarity to eliminate the meaning, which is so called the mechanism of nihilism. It may be quite difficult to interpret the entire nonsense poetry of Kim Chun Soo. Nonetheless as we take a close examination of his individual works which are classified as nonsense poetry and make a detailed analysis of his overall poetry, the poetic outlook of Kim Chun Soo should be identified in the proper sense of the word and suitably evaluated in the literary perspectives as well.

쌍순환 구상과 14·5계획에 나타난 중국의 산업정책과 한국의 대응방안

최필수,이현태 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2021 중소연구 Vol.44 No.4

China's dual circulation strategy implies international and domestic circulation with emphasizing domestic one. The strategy also stresses the close interaction of supply and demand. The 14th-Five-Year-Plan highlights independent innovation of technology in the midst of the US-China conflicts. "Made in China 2025" is still under way, although not mentioned explicitly, to achieve its specific localization goals. The Plan contains "Nine Strategic Industries" and "National Major Science and Technology". Investigating the industrial policies since 2006, we found that China separates or mixes research and development, emphasizes outstanding projects, elaborates or eliminates some projects. With these fluctuations, however, China manages the impressively consistent lists. The focused projects for the next five or ten years will be materialized soon. We systematically organized precedent researches on Korea-China industrial rivalry. Based on China's policies and Korea's relative competitiveness, we propose "investment-nurture priority matrix" and "multi-layer cooperation system". 쌍순환 전략의 핵심은 국내-국제 대순환이 상호 작용하되 국내대순환이 주체가 된다는 점이다. 쌍순환 전략은 수요와 공급 측면의 유기적 상호작용을 강조하고 있다. 14·5계획은 미중 분쟁의 악화 속에서 ‘자립적 기술혁신’을 강조했다. 중국제조 2025는 미국의 견제로 직접적인 언급은 하지 않지만 구체적인 목표 달성을 위해 계속 진행 중이다. 14·5계획은 ‘9대 전략적 신흥산업’과 ‘국가 중대 과학기술’을 담고 있다. 2006년부터 이어져온 흐름에 따르면 중국은 연구와 개발을 분리하거나 융합하고, 중점 항목을 강조하고, 항목들을 진화시키거나 도태시키면서도 연속적인 육성 리스트를 관리해왔다. 14·5계획 중점 프로젝트는 추후에 구체화될 것이다. 이러한 중국 산업정책 흐름과 선행연구들이 제시한 산업경쟁력 비교를 바탕으로 본고는 ‘투자ㆍ육성 우선순위 판단 매트릭스’와 연구협력 위주의 다층적 협력 기제 구축을 제안한다.

공기/산소 전환 운전에서의 미분탄 보일러 및 순환유동상 보일러의 연소로 설계 개념 평가

김태현(Taehyun Kim),최상민(Sangmin Choi),김재성(Jae-Sung Kim),서상일(Sang-il Seo) 한국연소학회 2010 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.40

A dual firing concept which can switch operation modes in air or O₂ is developing by necessity due to uncertainties in regulation of CO₂ emission and oxy combustion technology. However, operation in the same boiler has to check possibility because combustion environment and properties of flue gas are changed from air firing to oxy firing. In this study, Youngdong power plant was discussed as the reference as air firing. PC and CFB were checked feasibility of dual firing operation. Every case was under the same steam condition and design coal. 0-dimensional heat and mass balance analysis was conducted in dual operation. Comparing flue gas composition, flow rate, heat transfer and so on, it is discussed feasibility of dual operation.

미분탄 보일러 및 순환유동상 보일러의 공기, 산소 전환 운전에서 배기가스 재순환의 영향 고찰

김태현(Taehyun Kim),최상민(Sangmin Choi),김재성(Jae-Sung Kim) 한국연소학회 2010 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.41

The oxy coal combustion burns coal in a mixture of oxygen and recycled flue gases rather than in air, which allows the carbon dioxide to be much more easily captured form the exhaust gas. The same boiler geometry can be used in both air firing and oxygen firing mode because burning with the flue gas recirculation is able to make combustion conditions be similar with air-firing condition. However, operation in the same boiler has to check possibility because combustion environment and properties of flue gas are changed from air firing to oxy firing. In this study, Youngdong power plant which is 100㎿e PC boiler was discussed as the reference as air firing. Heat and mass balance analysis was conducted in dual operation for PC and CFB. Comparing flue gas composition, flow rate, heat transfer and so on, feasibility of dual operation is discussed.